| A．where; to clarify | B．when; to classify |
| C．which; to identify | D．what; to simplify |
| A．be engaged in | B．is coexisted with | C．consisting of | D．be paid attention to |
3 . Do you ever notice how stress and mental frustration can affect your physical abilities? When you are worried about something at work, do you find yourself more tired at the end of the day? This phenomenon is a result of the activation of a specific area of the brain when we attempt to participate in both physical tasks and mental tasks simultaneously.
Ranjana Mehta, Ph.D., assistant professor at the Texas A&M Health Science Center School of Public Health, carried out a study examining the relationship between physical and mental tiredness and brain behavior. The study showed that if we attempt mental tasks while doing physical tasks, we activate specific areas, called the prefrontal cortex (PFC) (前额皮质), in our brain.
This can cause our bodies to become tired much sooner than if we were only participating in a physical task. The brain is just like any other biological tissue (组织), because it can be overused and can suffer from tiredness.
“Existing examinations of physical and mental tiredness have been used to study muscular and biomechanical (生物力学的) changes,” said Mehta. “The purpose of this study was to examine the influence on the PFC while we compare the changes in brain behavior with traditional measures of tiredness.”
According to Mehta, study findings show that there were lower blood oxygen levels in the PFC following combined physical and mental tiredness compared to that of just physical tiredness conditions. Through simultaneous examination of the brain and muscle function it is obvious that when we participant in highly cognitive tasks, brain resources are divided which may speed up the development of physical tiredness.
It is critical that researchers consider the brain as well as the body when examining tiredness development and its influence on the body. This can provide us with a total understanding of what is happening to the body when we perform our daily activities. “Not a lot of people see the value in looking at both the brain and the body together,” said Mehta. “However, no one does purely physical or mental work; they always do both.”
1. What does the passage mainly tell us?| A．Influence of stress and mental frustration on tiredness development. |
| B．Influence of stress and mental frustration on mental abilities. |
| C．Influence of mental work on tiredness development. |
| D．Influence of physical work on mental abilities. |
| A．At the same time. | B．One by one. | C．Step by step. | D．Over and over again. |
| A．tiredness in the body | B．brain behavior |
| C．mental tiredness | D．mental diseases |
| A．is used to complete a specific task |
| B．suffers from tiredness caused by overuse |
| C．becomes tired much sooner |
| D．is examined from a physical view |
| A．how the combination of physical and mental tasks affects the PFC |
| B．the differences between brain behavior and traditional measures |
| C．why changes in brain behavior influence the PFC |
| D．muscular and biomechanical changes |
4 . Taste is such a subjective matter that we don’t usually conduct preference tests for food. The most you can say about anyone’s preference is that it’s one person’s opinion. But because the two big cola companies-Coca-Cola and Pepsi Cola-are marketed so aggressively, we’ve wondered how big a role taste preference actually plays in brand loyalty. We set up a taste test that challenged people who identified themselves as either Coca-cola or Pepsi fans: Find your brand in a blind tasting.
We invited staff volunteers who had a strong liking for either Coca-Cola Classic or Pepsi, Diet Coke, or Diet Pepsi. These were people who thought they’d have no trouble telling their brand from the other brand.
We eventually located 19 regular cola drinkers and 27 diet cola drinkers. Then we fed them with four unidentified samples of cola one at a time, regular colas for the one group, diet versions for the other. We asked them to tell us whether each sample was Coke or Pepsi; then we analyzed the records statistically to compare the participants’ choices with what mere guesswork could have accomplished.
Getting all four samples right was a tough test, but not too tough, we thought, for people who believed they could recognize their brand. In the end, only 7 out of 19 regular cola drinkers correctly identified their brand of choice in all four trials. The diet-cola drinkers did a little worse-only 7 out of 27 identified all four samples correctly.
Both groups did better than chance would predict, but nearly half the participants in each group made the wrong choice two or more times. Two people got all four samples wrong. Overall, half the participants did about as well on the last round of tasting as on the first, so tiredness, or taste burnout, was not a factor. Our preference test results suggest that only a few Pepsi participants and Coke fans may really be able to tell their favorite brand by taste and price.
1. According to the passage the preference test was conducted in order to ______.| A．reveal which cola is more to the liking of the drinkers |
| B．show that a person’s opinion about taste is mere guesswork |
| C．find out the role taste preference plays in a person’s drinking |
| D．compare the ability of the participants in choosing their drinks |
| A．people’s tastes differ from one another |
| B．few people had trouble telling Coca-Cola from Pepsi |
| C．Coca-Cola and Pepsi are people’s two most favorite drinks |
| D．there is not much difference in taste between Coca-Cola and Pepsi |
| A．blind tasting is necessary for identifying fans |
| B．the competition between the two colas is very strong |
| C．the purpose of taste test is to promote the sale of colas |
| D．the improvement of quality is the chief concern of the two cola companies |
| A．being badly damaged by fire |
| B．being seriously burnt in the skin |
| C．being unable to burn for lack of fuel |
| D．being unable to function because of too much use |
| A．show that taste preference is highly subjective |
| B．argue that taste testing is an important marketing strategy |
| C．emphasize that taste and price are closely related to each other |
| D．recommend that blind tasting be introduced in the quality control of colas |
内容包括：
(1)表示理解并给予安慰;
(2)多与老师和同学们沟通、交流;
(3)建议合理分配时间(如学习、锻炼和休息的时间等);
(4)积极参加学校社团活动。
注意：
(1)词数100词左右;
(2)可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯;
(3)开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Chris,
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Jin
成立时间：2015年5月1日；
社团目的：开阔学生视野，激发英语学习兴趣；
具体内容：话题讨论(同学们感兴趣的或热点话题)，常识积累(中西方文化等)，比赛类型(英语演讲，辩论等)。
Dear freshmen,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I had many experiences studying in groups. But the most impressive experience for me was an English singing competition.
Last term, we had to sing an English song in groups in the singing competition. The song our team chose was Try Everything.
Although most of the team members quickly learned the melody (曲调), there were still a few students who couldn’t sing it or were too shy to sing it in public. So, we taught those who couldn’t sing and encouraged those who were very shy. Finally, we sang it really well and got first prize.
From this experience, I realized that studying in groups has a lot of superiority. Everyone has advantages and disadvantages. When we work in teams, we can learn from each other and fill in teaming gaps. Also, it’s easy to give up when studying alone. And with each other’s encouragement. We’ll be more likely to be able to persist. What’s more, when we discuss in groups, we can learn how to communicate with others and achieve the team goals together.
Just as the saying goes, “Alone we can run faster, but together we can go further?” So, let’s enjoy group study!
1. Which experience made the author feel it memorable in group learning? (no more than 5 words)2. How did the team members overcome the difficulties? (no more than 10 words)
3. What does the underlined word “superiority” refer to? (1 word)
4. What’s the main idea of the 4th paragraph? (no more than 10 words)
5. Do you like group learning? And give your reasons. (no more than 25 words)
| A．go | B．going | C．to go | D．gone |
9 . Ten-year-old Sterling, a student at Stork Elementary in Alta Loma, California, says he would see grown-ups ignoring the stop sign near his school bus stop all the time.
Sterling and his mom were concerned that the drivers would get into crashes. So he and his mom decided to gather some statistics to show that stop-sign running at the intersection(十字路口) near his school bus stop was really a problem.
They made their plan to go out and start counting cars that stopped and cars that didn’t stop. As their research went on, they found the results were amazing. During the seven days they spent watching cars go through the intersection, they found that only one out of every three cars actually stopped at the stop sign. That means two out of every three cars did not stop.
“What if there is a kid who has to cross the street at that intersection, not knowing if the driver is coming toward him?” Sterling and his mom Thought. So they decided to give the statistics into the police department. And that was what they did.
John McMahon, governor of San Bernardino County Sheriff, found out about their traffic study, and he was deeply impressed. “I am not sure whether I have ever seen such a study of this depth coming from an elementary school student,” he said. “Police are keeping a much closer eye on the intersection so I think it is now a much safer intersection — and clearly, a much safer bus stop than it used to be.” On February 19, McMahon surprised Sterling at his school and gave him a special award for his traffic study. “It’s not every day that we get to recognize a student for going above and beyond and doing unbelievable thing for his community” McMahon said.
For Sterling, it’s not just about protecting himself from getting hurt in a car crash. It’s about protecting other kids, too. “Maybe we could do something to stop those crashes, and save some lives,” Sterling said.
1. How did Sterling feel when he saw adults ignoring the stop sign?| A．Angry. | B．Worried. | C．Surprised | D．Frightened. |
| A．About a third of cars didn’t stop at the crossroads. |
| B．Most of the drivers didn’t obey the traffic rules. |
| C．Policemen didn’t remind the drivers to stop at the traffic light. |
| D．Kids always found it difficult to cross the street at the crossroads. |
| A．To show them an amazing result. |
| B．To show the importance of his research. |
| C．To turn to them for help. |
| D．To ask to build a traffic light there. |
| A．Students don’ t always have deep thoughts of society. |
| B．Policemen were not responsible before Sterling’s study. |
| C．He expected more students to help build their community. |
| D．Sterling’s contribution to his community has been accepted. |
| A．Sterling made a difference by doing little things. |
| B．Sterling decides to devote himself to stopping the crashes. |
| C．Sterling felt proud of himself when mentioning his research. |
| D．Sterling did his study to make others care about the traffic safety |
10 . If you want to learn something new in your spare time, there are some choices for you.
AR Workshop
615-258-5569 | arworkshop.com/nashville
AR Workshop is a DIY studio that offers hands-on classes for decorating home from raw materials. Join an instructor-led workshop where you can make wood signs, framed signs, round signs, centerpiece boxes and more! AR Workshop will help you take your home decoration to the next level and have fun while creating it!
Artistic Elements Dance
615- 472-9471 | artisticelementsdance.com
Artistic Elements’ aim is to develop dancers with excellent, professional technique, humble character and team spirit. We offer Beginner to Pre-Professional Level Classes to dancers from 18 months to adults in the styles of ballet, jazz, musical theatre, hip hop and more! Our experienced teachers all well-trained are willing to share the love of dance with each student who walks through our doors and ensure our dancers train safely in a positive environment. In addition to group classes, Artistic Elements offers private lessons, open master classes and birthday parties.
Melody Music Studios
615-510-3798| melodymusicstudios.com| musiclessonsnashvilletn. asp Melody Music Studios offers exciting music and voice lessons, in the student’s home or the instructor’s personal studio. We offer all styles, traditional and/or by ear, in a fun and positive environment. There’s a grace period (宽限期) of three business days to cancel after the trial lesson (试课), and if you’re not satisfied, it’s FREE! So you have nothing to lose to sign up today!
My Gym of Brentwoo
615-371-5437| mygym.com/brentwood
My Gym is the expert in children’s fitness. It has good programs and facilities designed to help children 6 weeks through 13 years of age develop physically and mentally. Our structured, age-appropriate, weekly classes include music dance, games, special rides, gymnastics, sports and more. Children have loads of fun as they gain strength, balance, coordination and flexibility while developing social skills and confidence.
1. If Mary wants to make her new home more beautiful, which one suits her best?| A．Melody Music Studios. | B．My Gym of Brentwood. |
| C．AR Workshop. | D．Artistic Elements Dance. |
| A．It provides various courses for dancers of all ages. |
| B．Its teachers can give professional training to learners. |
| C．It provides summer and winter camps for dance lovers. |
| D．It only focuses on developing dancers’ professional dancing skills. |
| A．must pay for it |
| B．must take the courses |
| C．can call off the class at any time free |
| D．have right to decide whether to continue |
| A．Tom, a 6-month old boy, was born with a weak heart. |
| B．Mark, a 12-year-old student, wants to get stronger. |
| C．Tony, a 31-year-old teacher, likes to build up his body. |
| D．John, a 65-year-old retired man, wants to kill his spare time. |
| A．an advertisement | B．an art show review |
| C．an exhibition guide | D．a school announcement |
