1 . Atomic shapes are so simple that they can’t be broken down any further. Mathematicians are trying to turn to artificial intelligence (AI) for help to build a periodic table of these shapes, hoping it will assist in finding yet-unknown atomic shapes.
Tom Coates at Imperial College London and his colleagues are working to classify atomic shapes known as Fano varieties, which are so simple that they can’t be broken down into smaller components. Just as chemists arranged element s in the periodic table by their atomic weight and group to reveal new insights, the researchers hope that organizing these atomic shapes by their various properties will help in understanding them.
The team has given each atomic shape a sequence of numbers based on its features such as the number of holes it has or the extent to which it bends around itself. This acts as a bar code (条形码) to identify it. Coates and his colleagues have now created an AI that can predict certain properties of these shapes from their bar code numbers alone, with an accuracy of 98 percent.
The team member Alexander Kasprzyk at the University of Nottingham, UK, says that the AI has let the team organize atomic shapes in a way that begins to follow the periodic table, so that when you read from left to right, or up and down, there seem to be general patterns in the geometry (几何) of the shapes.
Graham Nib lo at the University of Southampton, UK, stresses that humans will still need to understand the results provided by AI and create proofs of these ideas. “AI has definitely got unbelievable abilities. But in the same way that telescopes (望远镜) don’t put astronomers out of work, AI doesn’t put mathematicians out of work,” he says. “It just gives us new backing that allows us to explore parts of the mathematical landscape that are out of reach.”
The team hopes to improve the model to the point where missing spaces in its periodic table could point to the existence of unknown shapes.
1. What is the purpose of building a periodic table of shapes?A.To gain deeper insights into the atomic shapes. |
B.To create an AI to predict the unknown shapes. |
C.To break down atomic shapes into smaller parts. |
D.To arrange chemical elements in the periodic table. |
A.Its holes. | B.Its bends. |
C.Its atomic weight. | D.Its properties. |
A.Design. | B.Help. | C.Duty. | D.Threat. |
A.Thanks to AI, new atomic shapes have been discovered. |
B.Mathematicians turn to AI to create more atomic shapes. |
C.AI helps build a relationship between chemistry and maths. |
D.A periodic table of shapes can be built with the help of AI. |
2 . Fresh fish should have a mild smell. Strong fishy smells are the first signs to go bad. How do the fishy smells come from?
It can be several days from when the fish are caught to when they reach the supermarket. In that time, bacteria that grow naturally in fish start to consume a substance called trimethylamine N-oxide(TMAO)in fish. These bacteria change TMAO into trimethylamine (TMA), the substance responsible for the fishy smells. Bacteria in fish can also change lysine(赖氨酸)into cadaverine(尸胺), a substance that’s associated with breaking down the fish once they are caught and giving off fishy smell.
Chemical reactions can also lead to fishy smells. This happens through the oxidation(氧化)of fat. Fish are an important source of omega-3 fatty acids. When these fats are exposed to oxygen, they oxidize and break down into the substance that you can smell.
To slow down the fishy smell, what is beyond question is that the less time between when the fish are caught and when they reach the kitchen, the better. But today, fish are often flown across the globe. To keep smell-producing bacteria at bay, the fish must be frozen or kept at the low temperature possible as soon as they are caught and cleaned.
Controlling fat oxidation can function as well, especially for fattier fish species. While freezing slows bacterial growth, it does not stop fat oxidation. This reaction will occur as long as oxygen is present. Fatty fish are usually not frozen because, despite the cold temperature, they’re going to oxidize pretty fast unless they are stored in a low oxygen container. That’s why those species are often canned.
It’s also important to remember that smell is not always an indicator of safety, especially in processed fish products. “What you might consider the fishy smell may be a delicacy in another culture,” said Carl A. Batt, a professor of food science at Cornell University.
1. Which of the following has the fishy smell?A.Fish fat. | B.TMAO. | C.Cadaverine. | D.Lysine. |
A.Drying them in the air. | B.Storing them in closed containers. |
C.Carefully cleaning them. | D.Exposing them to rich oxygen. |
A.Objective. |
B.Negative. |
C.Acceptable. |
D.Unclear. |
A.Topic—Example—Conclusion. | B.Topic—Comparison—Opinion. |
C.Question——Cause——Solution. | D.Question—Effect—Opinion. |
自然情况 | 位于长江边,风景优美,适合居住 |
成就 | 经济发展迅速,新建了不少工厂、住房、道路等 |
存在问题 | 水、空气污染,交通拥挤 |
对江城发展的看法 | 要大力发展科学技术,控制人口,治理环境等 |
注意: 1. 词数100词左右;
2. 信中不能使用江城以外地名,可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
Dear Bob,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
内容要点:
1. 建议礼物:旗袍,中国结等
2. 说明选择礼物的原因
3. 表达祝福和问候
注意:1、可适当增加细节以使行文连贯;
2、词数100左右。
参考词汇:旗袍 Chi-pao 中国结 Chinese knot
Dear Van,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
5 . When my wife, Jane, and I were 16, we were in the same class. About a week before Thanksgiving Day, we found out that our teacher Edward was having some
When Jane told her family about our plan, her mother was
Before making our
Last month while I was in a meeting, my secretary informed me, “Your high school teacher Mr. Edward is wondering if you could
I left my meeting and went to my office
A.financial | B.personal | C.academic | D.typical |
A.applied | B.determined | C.attempted | D.preferred |
A.figure out | B.point out | C.make sense | D.make sure |
A.satisfied | B.puzzled | C.amazed | D.touched |
A.separate | B.donate | C.distribute | D.collect |
A.breaking up | B.breaking down | C.pulling out | D.pulling down |
A.complete | B.usual | C.traditional | D.basic |
A.honesty | B.generosity | C.pity | D.curiosity |
A.decision | B.contact | C.delivery | D.contribution |
A.opportunity | B.gift | C.deal | D.memory |
A.impression | B.sorrow | C.expression | D.laugh |
A.pushed | B.reached | C.dragged | D.answered |
A.again | B.anyhow | C.though | D.enough |
A.wait | B.spare | C.spend | D.save |
A.hurriedly | B.nervously | C.proudly | D.worriedly |
A.come up with | B.look back on | C.keep up with | D.get hold of |
A.just | B.even | C.still | D.already |
A.experience | B.excitement | C.pleasure | D.warmth |
A.and | B.or | C.but | D.so |
A.spirit | B.symbol | C.history | D.intention |
1. What is well developed in Costal Rica?
A.Tourism. | B.Economy. | C.Public gardens. |
A.Seeing monkeys. |
B.Looking at topical fish. |
C.Playing on white sand beaches. |
A.To show its popularity. | B.To get more visitors. | C.To show the low prices in Costa Rica. |
A.Water slides. | B.Many hiking trails nearby. | C.Staff available 24 hours a day. |
阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后从1--20各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
I often read of incidents of misunderstanding or conflict. I’m left
I was growing up in Kuala Lumpur in the early 1960s,
We were nine when we became friends. During the school holidays, we’d
When I was twelve, my family moved to Johor. Ismail’s family later returned to their village, and I
One spring afternoon in 1983, I stopped a taxi in Kuala Lumpur. I
If we can allow our children to be
A.interested | B.pleased | C.puzzled | D.excited |
A.parties | B.cities | C.villages | D.races |
A.why | B.which | C.how | D.when |
A.together | B.around | C.alone | D.apart |
A.drop | B.throw | C.move | D.roll |
A.refused | B.made | C.sought | D.accepted |
A.paid | B.meant | C.preserved | D.treated |
A.explore | B.search | C.discover | D.desert |
A.get through | B.deal with | C.come across | D.take away |
A.arrival | B.choice | C.effort | D.company |
A.lost | B.gained | C.developed | D.missed |
A.stated | B.ordered | C.decided | D.chose |
A.attempts | B.instructions | C.opinions | D.arrangements |
A.anxiously | B.carelessly | C.disappointedly | D.fixedly |
A.familiarly | B.strangely | C.fully | D.coldly |
A.departures | B.months | C.years | D.decades |
A.possible | B.funny | C.hard | D.clear |
A.them | B.themselves | C.us | D.ourselves |
A.from | B.by | C.with | D.against |
A.still | B.otherwise | C.then | D.instead |