1 . Last week, I sent the same request to ChatGPT, the latest artificial-intelligence chatbot from OpenAI. “Upon the Firth of Forth, a bridge doth stand,” it began. In less than a minute, the program had created in full a rhyming Shakespearean sonnet (莎士比亚十四行诗). Tools like ChatGPT seem poised to change the world of poetry — and so much else — but poets also have a lot to teach us about artificial intelligence. If algorithms (算法) are getting good at writing poetry, it’s partially because poetry was always an algorithmic business.

Even the most rebellious (叛逆的) poets follow more rules than they might like to admit. When schoolchildren are taught to imitate the structure of sonnet, they are effectively learning to follow algorithmic constraints. Should it surprise us that computers can do so, too?

But considering how ChatGPT works, its ability to follow the rules for sonnets seems a little more impressive. No one taught it these rules. It is based on a newer kind of AI known as a large language model (LLM). To put it simply, LLMs analyze large amounts of human writing and learn to predict what the next word in a string of text should be, based on context. One frequent criticism of LLMs is that they do not understand what they write; they just do a great job of guessing the next word.

When a private verse by Dickinson makes us feel like the poet speaks directly to us, we are experiencing the effects of a technology called language. Poems are made of paper and ink — or, these days, electricity and light. There is no one “inside” a Dickinson poem any more than one by ChatGPT. Of course, every Dickinson poem reflects her intention to create meaning. When ChatGPT puts words together, it does not intend anything. Some argue that writings by LLMs therefore have no meaning, only the appearance of it. If I see a cloud in the sky that looks like a giraffe, I recognize it as an accidental similarity. In the same way, this argument goes, we should   regard the writings of ChatGPT as merely imitating real language, meaningless and random as cloud shapes.

When I showed my friends the sonnet by ChatGPT, they called it “soulless and barren.” Despite following all the rules for sonnets, the poem is predictable. But is the average sonnet by a human any better? If we now expect computers to write not just poems but good poems, then we have set a much higher bar.

1. What is the main idea of paragraph 1 and paragraph 2?

A．ChatGPT will make a difference to poetry based on algorithms.

B．There is no doubt that AI can copy the grammatical rules of poetry.

C．Poetry guidelines provide a possibility for AI’s poetry writing.

D．There is a similarity between algorithms and poetry.

2. How does ChatGPT write poems?

A．ChatGPT is trained to follow the rules by LLMs.

B．ChatGPT can analyze and predict human languages.

C．ChatGPT is technologically supported by LLMs.

D．ChatGPT itself learn to follow the rules.

3. Why does the author mention Dickinson and cloud in paragraph 4?

A．He talks about cloud to describe the meaninglessness of AI’s poetry.

B．He tells of Dickinson to describe the meaninglessness AI’s poetry.

C．He mentions cloud to suggest its close relationship with AI’s poetry.

D．He refers to Dickinson to suggest her close relationship with AI’s poetry.

4. Which of the following can best describe the author’s attitude towards AI poetry?

A．Acceptable and favorable	B．Amazed and admiring
C．Indifferent and uncaring	D．Doubtful and uneasy

2 . 最近，你班涌现出了一股时尚攀比风，有些同学甚至不惜花重金网络代购限量版球鞋。对此你打算给校英语报投稿，发表你的看法，内容包括:
1.分析产生这一现象原因;
2.该现象造成的不良影响;
3.发出积极的倡议。
注意:
1.写作词数应为80左右;
2.短文的题目和首句已为你写好(不计入总词数)。

Too much expenditure on fashion

Recently, an increasing number of students are pursuing fashion in our class.

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3 . 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
1. What’s the talk mainly about?

A．The development of the bicycle.

B．The materials of making the bicycle.

C．The process of the bicycle’s becoming popular.

2. What is the disadvantage of the bicycle before MacMillan’s design?

A．The bicycle couldn’t change directions.

B．The wheels of the bicycle weren’t well fixed.

C．The rider’s feet couldn’t leave the ground.

3. When was the size of the bicycle’s wheels changed?

A．In 1817.

B．In 1839.

C．In 1869.

4. What happened in 1884?

A．Bicycles first had rubber tires.

B．The “safety bicycle” appeared.

C．Bicycles could run faster.

4 . 假定你是某高中的学生会主席。学校打算周日组织留学生去湿地公园 (Wetland Park) 游玩。请根据下面的写作提示，写一则英文通知，张贴在学校的通知栏。内容包括：
1. 周日上午八点在校门口集合；
2. 乘坐公共汽车去公园；
3. 穿运动鞋，带相机；
4. 感兴趣的人星期四前把名字报给班长。
注意：
1. 词数80左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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5 . 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

I’m a special needs teacher. We don’t usually get storms in May. We were having a fairly unremarkable school day and I’d seen the last of my class of five-year-olds leave when my dad rang to warn me that there was a storm heading straight towards us. At first, I thought he couldn’t be right, but then the storm alarm went off. My own daughter, Kali, was at the school, in the kindergarten class across the hall, and that’s where I headed. Her teacher, Jennifer, was following the standard procedure: moving the 10 children into the hallway,getting them to kneel (跪下) with their elbows on the ground, hands over their heads.

We encouraged the children to sing, to keep up their spirits,but when the sky grew dark dim and the lights went out, it became harder to keep everyone calm. Hail (冰雹) and broken glass showered into the hallway. Instinctively, Jennifer and I took five children each and lay across them. It wasn’t something we had to think about. They were small children; we were adults and we would protect them with our lives. My daughter was among them. I just kept saying over and over, “We’re going to be OK. We’re going to be OK.” But soon I couldn’t hear my own voice above the sound of the school’s metal roof exploding under huge pressure.

Then came a big noise so loud that I’ll never forget it, like a plane but 10 times louder. It was the storm passing directly overhead. Suddenly I realised the roof had gone; the wind had torn it clean off.   We were at the mercy of the elements. My mouth was filled with dirt and I wondered if we were going to be buried alive. Beneath me, the children were packed together tightly. I did my best to cover them, but there was water, too, pouring down. Then I felt a blunt thing against my back. By now, I was simply repeating to myself, “Please go away. Please go away.” I just wanted it to stop.

注意:续写词数应为150左右。

By the time it did,

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Fortunately, no children died or hurt in the storm.

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6 . 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
1. Why are the two speakers upset?

A．It may snow during their vacation.

B．They may not be able to take their vacation.

C．They may fail to join the graduation ceremony.

2. Why can we learn about their vacation?

A．They are going skiing.

B．They have made bookings for their plane.

C．Their flight has been cancelled.

3. What made them miss so many classes?

A．The earthquake.

B．The bad winter.

C．A terrible flu.

4. What are they going to do right now?

A．Talk to Professor Hampton.

B．Speak to all of the other people.

C．Call the travel agency.

7 . 请根据下面的信息写一则有关保护白鳍豚的80字左右的海报。
Yangtze River Dolphin
Why is it endangered? Habitat loss and pollution
Population: 1, 000—1, 800
What is being done? The dolphins are being moved to a clean and safe habitat.
What can we do? Clean up the rivers!

Poster

Save us—Yangtze River Dolphin

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8 . Make a story with at least 80 words about Mars exploration including the following words.(60 points)

astronaut     rocket       gravity     vehicle     satellite launch        orbit          on board   spacecraft   signal

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9 . Group-Centered Societies Have Just as Much Creativity

What does culture have to do with creativity? The answer could be “a lot”. For decades, psychologists trying to understand the roots of creative imaginations have looked at the ways in which two different types of cultures can come to have an effect over its artistic and _________ output. Individualistic cultures encourage people to be unique and to _________ their own interests even if doing so comes at a cost to the group overall. Collectivistic cultures are based on relationships and duties to other people. These types of cultures often _________ the individual’s wants for the needs of those who are close to them or for those in their community.

Individualism has long been thought to have a creative _________. Individualists _________ social convention, the logic goes, and that pushback supports innovation. For instance, around the world, individualistic cultures have more patents than collectivistic cultures do. _________, a new study suggests that these ideas about culture and creativity could be off base. People in collectivistic cultures actually do better with a particular type of creative thinking than those in individualistic cultures. And the findings overall reveal the shortcomings of thinking about innovation too _________.

The new work comes from comparing communities in different parts of China. Though it scores high, as a nation, on measures of cultural _________, China’s 1.4 billion people are more than just a single culture. People from areas north of the Yangtze River tend to be more _________, open to strangers and self-confident, whereas people along the river and farther south are often more inter-dependent, partial to friends over strangers and likely to try harder to __________.

In the new creativity study, researchers investigated innovation with these two groups in mind. The team used a drawing test that had been created by psychologists. They gave kids a sheet of paper with just a few basic elements printed on it: some dots here, squiggles (弯曲的线条) there, and a rectangle that suggested a drawing frame. The children got 15 minutes to use the elements already on the page to draw whatever they wanted. They could get “adaptive creativity” points for doodling in ways that connected the squiggles and lines into an original and __________ image. In addition, a judge checked whether the children chose to incorporate a small shape that could be found just outside the rectangular. This element was easy to __________, so those who included this outside-the-box detail could get points for “boundary-breaking creativity.”

The researchers gave the test to 683 middle school students from north and south of the Yangtze River. When the scientists got the scores back, they discovered that there were no differences in the children’s overall creativity. When they broke down the results into components, they found that students from collectivistic regions scored __________ in adaptive creativity while those from individualistic areas did better in boundary-breaking creativity.

The findings are also a warning against cultural chauvinism (极端民族主义). Western countries have tended to lead the way in innovation — at least as defined by the metrics (指标) we Westerners have created. Perhaps we have been __________ China’s adaptive creativity. For example, while the country may not have invented the assembly line, it is largely thanks to the __________ its people have made to this system that the country has such a thriving manufacturing sector today.

1.

A．theoretical

B．inventive

C．productive

D．regular

2.

A．prioritize

B．deprive

C．tolerate

D．abandon

3.

A．satisfy

B．stimulate

C．cherish

D．sacrifice

4.

A．shelter

B．edge

C．border

D．alternative

5.

A．embrace

B．propose

C．resist

D．create

6.

A．However

B．Therefore

C．Meanwhile

D．Moreover

7.

A．broadly

B．objectively

C．seriously

D．narrowly

8.

A．individualism

B．identity

C．collectivism

D．flexibility

9.

A．selfish

B．collective

C．individualistic

D．realistic

10.

A．fall apart

B．fit in

C．give in

D．show off

11.

A．separate

B．ugly

C．unified

D．tiny

12.

A．catch

B．miss

C．target

D．misuse

13.

A．higher

B．averagely

C．lower

D．vaguely

14.

A．capturing

B．approaching

C．imitating

D．overlooking

15.

A．improvements

B．drawbacks

C．insights

D．attempts

10 . Artificial intelligence (AI) has amazing potential to change the world, and we’ve only just begun to scratch the surface. As AI matures and people move further away from distinct programming and monitoring of systems, unidentified bias (偏见) might make decisions continue for a long time that cause _______ harm for individuals and society. This bias might _______ input data or even the algorithms (算法) themselves.

All too often, data sets are incomplete and the sample represented in the data set does not _______ the population that the AI model is making predictions about — this is known as coverage bias. Some other types of bias related to input data include sampling bias, where data is not collected randomly from the target group, and participation bias, where users from certain groups _______ surveys at different rates than users from other groups. Still, another more challenging bias to identify is confirmation bias that occurs when a decision maker or analyst has a strong _______ belief or experience that affects their ability to consider alternatives. This could lead one to more strongly _______ data that confirms a preexisting belief.

Bias resulting from AI algorithms themselves, or algorithmic bias, is equally _______. One example of algorithmic bias is implicit bias or unconscious bias, where data scientists _______ make associations or assumptions based on their mental models and memories that affect data modeling decisions. Implicit bias can _______ how data is collected and classified, or how systems are designed and developed. As machines learn, their conclusions and decisions affect people. Ethical (道德的) AI must understand these impacts and create governance and testing methods to ________ mistakes and inaccuracies.

To create ethical AI, companies need to put the ________ of the individual at the center of data innovation. This means thinking about ________ rights as human rights and developing a comprehensive approach to data, including how we use AI.

Having ________ data practices for AI means having good AI governance. This governance not only focuses on data and analytics but also understands the impacts of any given analysis and makes sure it’s ________ and accurate. Good AI governance includes data responsibility as well as a commitment to transparency (透明性).

None of this will be easy, but true innovation never is. By coming together and working on the problem of bias now, before it becomes a(n) ________ force, businesses can help bring out the best AI has to offer the world.

1.

A．theoretical

B．psychological

C．disproportionate

D．unintended

2.

A．arise from

B．contribute to

C．take over

D．make up

3.

A．inspire

B．match

C．protect

D．restrict

4.

A．quit

B．administer

C．compare

D．analyze

5.

A．distinct

B．predictable

C．original

D．widespread

6.

A．restore

B．imply

C．miss

D．favor

7.

A．embarrassing

B．dangerous

C．relevant

D．ridiculous

8.

A．intentionally

B．temporarily

C．automatically

D．appropriately

9.

A．influence

B．help

C．attract

D．predict

10.

A．admit

B．define

C．address

D．publicize

11.

A．belongings

B．expressions

C．characteristics

D．needs

12.

A．civil

B．digital

C．legal

D．natural

13.

A．frequent

B．responsible

C．peculiar

D．graceful

14.

A．fair

B．quick

C．appealing

D．adequate

15.

A．leading

B．innovative

C．cultural

D．destructive