1 . 一个连头盔都不肯戴的骑车人怎么可能会有安全意识？(How) （汉译英）

2 . 我再也不会指望小李会像之前那样对我有求必应，毕竟他手头有很多紧急事务要处理。(longer) （汉译英）

3 . 你还是多穿一件羊毛背心吧，以免因感冒而病倒的。（汉译英）

4 . Directions:Read the following passage.Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage into more than 60 words.Use your own words as far as possible.

Are People Unique?

It is human beings' pride that we are the only species on the Planet that can speak and think. However, recent research casts doubt on that common belief.

Zuberbuhler, a psychologist at St Andrews University, and his colleagues recorded thousands of calls made by Diana monkeys and noticed that the monkeys adapted their calls to change the meaning to warn one another about different situations. For example,they made a "krack" alarm call at the sight of a tiger. However,when they merely repeated calls made by other monkeys they added an "oo".

The researchers found that the same calls would be recognized by other species, like Campbell's monkeys. So they are communicating across species."And since then we have found that hornbill birds can understand these calls and they too can understand all the different meanings, said Zuberbuhler. What is also surprising is that signs of intelligence have been found in birds whose small brains were long assumed to be a complete barrier to intelligence. However,   all that is changing fast. A few years ago, Irene Pepperberg of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology taught a parrot to recognize and count up to six objects, which couldn't have been achieved if birds were unable to memorize.

Last year that was topped by Alex Kacelnik, a professor of behavioral ecology at Oxford, who discovered that crows (乌鸦) are capable of using tools in complex orders, the first time such behavior had been observed in non-humans. In an experiment seven crows successfully grabbed a piece of food placed out of reach using three different lengths of stick. Crucially, they were able to complete the task without any special training, suggesting the birds were capable of a level of abstract reasoning normally associated only with humans.

All this is powerful evidence against the idea that people are unique.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

5 . It seems to me that all writers, including those brilliant ones, need encouragement particularly in their early years. I always knew I could write,but that just meant I wrote a little better than my peers. I hope that I might one day write well enough to derive income from my efforts. Oddly enough,this never occurred to me until I met a special teacher in life.

There was a kind teacher at Hyde Park High School in Chicago,who simply by concentrating her attention on me, made me believe that I might be able to master the knack of writing well enough to consider the craft as a profession. Miss Marguerite Byme taught English,which of course, involved writing skills.Whatever instruction she shared with me was exactly the same as all her other students enjoyed, but the only difference was that she encouraged me to begin the process of submitting things I was writing, in those days, chiefly poems.

To my surprise, the Chicago Tribune not only thought enough of several of my verses to publish them, but also paid me, inadvertently, the highest compliment a fledgling author can receive. The editor wrote a confidential letter to Miss Byme, asking her to see, if by any chance, one of her students, a certain Stephen Allen, might be guilty of copying. The editor's suspicions had been aroused, because he was kind enough to say, he found it hard to believe that a seventeen-year-old student could create material on such a professional level.When Miss Byme shared the letter with me, I was overjoyed! It was wonderfully heartening.

Miss Byme made me realize that I should not hide my light. This made me collect my courage to enter a writing contest. The assignment was to write an essay titled "Rediscovering America". I was literally astonished when I received a letter saying that I was the winner of the contest.The prize was a thousand dollars. My mother, at the time, was not even aware that I was interested in writing, or if she had somehow found out about it, she took little notice.When I arrived home that evening with the letter, she was indifferent and did not ask how the evening had gone.

Without encouragement, even talented students will continue to perform below expectations. For example, at the same high school, there was a teacher whose Spanish language classes I attended but from whom I unfortunately learned very little simply because of the woman's cold sarcastically critical attitude. She seemed to know nothing about nurturing students. Soon, I withdrew from her classroom literacy instruction.

Years later, I was able to repay my debt to Marguerite Byme by dedicating one of my books, Wry on the Rocks------A collection of Poems.to her. I have enjoyed a lifetime writing books and television scripts because of her urge.

1. Miss Byme treated me differently from other students in that ________.

A．she encouraged the author to try to earn money from writing

B．she gave the author private instructions on writing skills

C．she advised the author to contribute his writing works

D．she taught the author the knack of writing as a profession

2. The editor wrote a letter to Miss Byme because ________.

A．he regretted overpaying the author

B．he had doubts about the author's writing abilities

C．he wanted to inform her of the author's talent

D．he wanted to befriend a future star writer

3. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?

A．The author had set the goal of writing professionally since childhood.

B．The share of the editor's letter made the author ashamed of his behavior.

C．The author won the writing contest which made his mother proud of him.

D．The author quitted Spanish course because of the teacher's negative attitude.

4. The author is writing the passage mainly to tell readers that ________.

A．writing skills should be cultivated since high school years

B．it's easy for a writer like him to make a living by writing

C．parents should take kid's interests and talents seriously

D．development of skills and abilities require adequate encouragement

6 . Why HS2 should go ahead

For the country that invented railways, Britain has shown remarkably little interest in them lately. New networks have been built around Europe in the past few decades, but the only significant stretch of ________ laid in Britain in a century is the 67-mile HS1 railway that links London to the Channel Tunnel. ________ , the country has half as much track as it had in 1963.Yet while Britain has an almost American ________ to invest in railways, its commuting(通勤) patterns are European: l0% of journeys are by rail, compared with 9% in Germany and less than 1% in America.

Britain's big ________ is that, because it has built no new high-speed lines, it runs fast intercity trains on the same track as slow commuter ones. Long ________ have to be left between slow and express trains. The need to make way for high-speed trains thus ________ the number of commuter services,and vice versa. Eight years ago,the government decided to change this by building a new 345-mile railway from London to the north of England. Though branded as High Speed 2, its principal job was to improve capacity(运输量) rather than ________ .

Rail is an increasingly significant part of the transport mix. Climate change is making carbon-efficiency even more important. At the same time, passenger numbers have gone beyond ________ . The government had expected passenger volumes to increase by 17-21% in the decade from 2011; actually, they were up by 24% within just seven years and are expected to go on ________ at a similar rate.

The benefit-to-cost ratio(效益成本比率) calculated for HS2, at around one, is hardly acknowledged. But just as the costs of big transport projects are often ________ , so are their long-term benefits. The extension to London's Jubilee tube line, ________ ,was approved with a BCR of less than one, but recent analysis suggests that it has been more like 1.75. And that includes only the profits that go directly to the railway, not the ________ consequences of the recovery of London's Docklands area, which the tube line made possible.

The main point of HS2, similarly, is its impact on the cities and towns along its ________ and beyond. Boris Johnson, the prime minister, is on a mission to promote growth in northern and western areas ________ by the country's London-centered pattern of growth. On its own HS2 won't make that happen, but doing so without a new railway would be ________ . The success of the "Northern Powerhouse" rail scheme, to link the north's big towns, depends on it.

1.

A．land

B．track

C．highway

D．water

2.

A．Besides

B．Indeed

C．Fortunately

D．Likewise

3.

A．qualification

B．eagerness

C．reluctance

D．potential

4.

A．theory

B．ambition

C．problem

D．solution

5.

A．gaps

B．lists

C．lines

D．periods

6.

A．highlights

B．increases

C．counts

D．limits

7.

A．speed

B．length

C．quantity

D．quality

8.

A．records

B．forecasts

C．averages

D．scopes

9.

A．varying

B．declining

C．growing

D．remaining

10.

A．shared

B．underestimated

C．overlooked

D．controlled

11.

A．for instance

B．as a result

C．in addition

D．out of problem

12.

A．political

B．cultural

C．economic

D．historic

13.

A．extension

B．border

C．surface

D．route

14.

A．settled down

B．put forward

C．taken over

D．left behind

15.

A．tough

B．flexible

C．innovative

D．vacant

7 . Directions:After reading the passage below,fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word,fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word;for the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank.

Korean words added to Oxford English Dictionary

With the international success of Squid Game, Parasite and BTS, it should come as no surprise that you've had some kind of Korean influence in your life. And now that South Korean influence has reached the Oxford English Dictionary(OED). The “     1     (accept) authority on the English language'" has added   new words of Korean origin to its latest edition.

The OED said including so many Korean words     2     (be) a recognition of the shift in language used by English speakers.They show     3     Asians in different parts of the continent live in the English-speaking world, thus     4    (allow) the Korean wave to continue to ripple (起涟漪) on the sea of English words."

The success of Korean exports such as Squid Game or Parasite can be put down to     5     (great) global thought by cultural producers,according to Dr Hye-Kyung Lee from King's College London. "It’s been more than 10 years     6     the early success of K-pop, so Korean cultural producers have a global mindset,"says Dr Lee,who researches culture and arts,looking at the rise of K-drama and K-pop. She says characters in K-drama are ones people in the UK and internationally can relate to,     7     the geography and language difference.

"These dramas or films are entertaining, and they have     8     that can touch the hearts and arouse the emotion sympathy with people around the world. They present some comment on society and social economic conditions,     9     people can relate to through the characters. In terms of technology and talent, they are cutting edge and have a strong capacity       10    (produce) high quality products,"she adds.

8 . Directions：Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once Note that there is one word more than you need.

A.definitely；B.suffering；C.acceptance；D.discouraged；E. supposedly F.terms；G.optimism；H.sustained；I. punishing；J.favored；K.obstacle

Happiness is not natural.It is a here human construct. A state of contentment(let alone happiness) is     1     by our genetic design because it would lower our guard against possible threats to our survival.

Chasing happiness is like chasing an elusive ghost, but the positive thinking industry claims to know its secrets.Self-help was popularized by Norman Vincent Peale, a colorful American pastor,       2    by several Republican presidents, including Richard Nixon and Donald Trump. He invented “positive thinking'", a concept now deeply embedded in our culture and steadily growing in influence.The global personal development industry was valued at S38.28 billion in 2019 and is expected to grow at a rate of 5.1%.

Popular films and books are full of     3     inspirational statements about how all you need to do is believe in yourself and then you'll be able to achieve anything in life. This is simply, and obviously, not true. I don't think there is a need to explain that many obstacles and misfortunes in life are inevitable, or unsurmountable. Our ancestors knew this, and many philosophical and religious traditions are based on the     4     that being alive is a very challenging task,which comes with significant amounts of suffering. It goes without saying that we should do all we can to maximize our sense of well-being and minimize our suffering, but the end result cannot be a state of     5     happiness.We are not designed that way.

The self-help genre is not a homegeneous beast, however. It is,in fact, ironie how self-help books on happiness and those on how to make it big in life are lumped together in the same bookshop shelves, given that many of the former tell us that caring too much about the latter is the main     6     to happiness.

The inevitable clash between mandatory     7     and the realities of our existence comes with a heavy psychological price. It could be argued that positive psychology blames those who are suffering for their     8     ,as it is based on the misconception that unhappiness is entirely avoidable.It follows therefore that an unhappy person must be inadequate and incompetent.Positive psychology encourages people who are struggling with a particular goal to persevere in the face of unfavorable odds, which is much more     9     psychologically in the long run than accepting defeat.

I believe that coming to     10    with life as it is,and not the happiness industry tells us it could be, will make us happier, and we will feel more at peace with ourselves and with the world. Unfortunately, the devil always has the best tunes.

9 . AI In the Future Workplace

Artificial Intelligence is making its way into business. As our special report this week explains, firms of all types are exploiting AI to forecast demand, hire workers and deal with customers. In 2017 companies spent around $22 billion on AI-related mergers and acquisitions, about 26 times more than in 2015. The McKinsey Global Institute, a think-tank within a consultancy, claims that just applying AI to marketing, sales and supply chains could create economic value, including profits and efficiencies, of $2.7 billion over the next 20 years.     1    .

Such forecasts fuel anxiety as well as hope. Start with the benefits. AI ought to improve productivity. Humanyze collects data from employees' calendars and e-mails to work out, say, whether office layouts favor teamwork.     2     Employees will gain, too. Thanks to the progress in computer vision. AI can check that workers are wearing safety equipment and that no one has been harmed on the factory floor. Some will appreciate more feedback on their work and welcome a sense of how to do better.

Yet AI's benefits will come with many potential drawbacks. Algorithms (计算程序) may not be free of the prejudices of their programmers.     3     The length of a commute (通勤) may predict whether an employee will quit a job, but this focus may harm poorer applicants. Older staff might work more slowly than younger ones and could risk losing their positions if all AI looks for is efficiency.

    4     If your skills are in demand, you are more likely to be able to resist than if you are easy to replace. Paid-by-the-hour workers in low-wage industries such as retailing will be especially subject to harm. That could fuel protest of labor unions seeking to represent employees' interests and to set regulations. Even then, the choice in some jobs will be between being replaced by a robot or being treated like one.

A．They can also have unintended consequences.

B．Some people are better placed than others to stop employers going too far.

C．These numbers are so impressive that we can't help feeling afraid of the power of AI.

D．However, some small companies may not have enough money to be equipped with AI technology.

E．Slack, a workplace messaging app, helps managers assess how quickly employees accomplish tasks.

F．Google's boss has gone so far as to declare that AI will do more for humanity than fire or electricity.

10 . Unlike so-called basic emotions such as sadness, fear and anger, guilt emerges a little later, in line with a child's growing grasp of social and moral standards. Children aren't born knowing how to say “I'm sorry”; rather, they learn over time that such statements appease parents and friends—and their own consciences. This is why researchers generally regard so-called moral guilt, in the right amount, to be a good thing.

In the popular imagination, of course, guilt still gets a bad reputation. It is deeply uncomfortable—it's the emotional equivalent of wearing a jacket stuffed with stones. Yet this understanding is outdated. “There has been a kind of revival or a rethinking about what role guilt can serve”, says Amrisha Vaish, a psychology researcher at the University of Virginia, adding that this revival is part of a larger recognition that emotions aren't binary-feelings that may be advantageous in one context may be harmful in another. Jealousy and anger, for example, may have evolved to alert us to important inequalities. Too much happiness can be destructive.

And guilt, by prompting us to think more deeply about our own goodness, can encourage humans to make up for errors and fix relationships. Guilt, in other words, can help hold a cooperative species together. It is a kind of social glue.

Viewed in this light, guilt is an opportunity. Work by Tina Malti, a psychology professor at the University of Toronto, suggests that guilt may compensate for an emotional deficiency. In a number of studies, Malti and others have shown that guilt and sympathy may represent different pathways to cooperation and sharing. Some kids who are low in sympathy may make up for that shortfall by experiencing more guilt, which can control their disgusting behaviors. And vice versa: high sympathy can substitute for low guilt.

In a 2014 study, for example, Malti looked at 244 children. Using caregiver assessments and the children's self-observations, she rated each child's overall sympathy level and his or her tendency to feel negative emotions after moral wrongdoings. Then the kids were handed chocolate coins, and given a chance to share them with an anonymous child. For the low-sympathy kids, how much they shared appeared to turn on how likely they were to feel guilty. The ones more likely to feel guilty tended to share more, even though they hadn't magically become more sympathetic to the other children.

“That's good news,” Malti says. “We can be prosocial because we caused harm and we feel regret.”

1. The underlined word “appease” in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to “_________”.

A．content

B．disappoint

C．amuse

D．distract

2. The writer mentions the comparison of guilt to “a jacket stuffed with stones” to show people's _________.

A．general impression of guilt being overestimated

B．incorrect idea about the nature and function of guilt

C．out-of date belief of guilt being their primary burden

D．long-held prejudice against those who often feel guilty

3. What can be inferred from the chocolate coin experiment?

A．It's necessary to ensure kids feel guilty about their wrongdoings.

B．Regretful kids need to be given a chance to correct their behaviors.

C．Feeling guilty has the power to make kids become more sympathetic

D．The highest guilt could possibly be found in kids with the lowest sympathy.

4. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?

A．Guilt vs Sympathy	B．Good News for Guilty People
C．Don't feel Guilty About Your Guilt	D．What Lies Underneath Your Guilt