假如你是王伟,你的好朋友卢华想要做些适合初中生看的关于英语语法学习的微视频,但他不知道每个微视频该做多少分钟。请你根据一下图表的信息,写信就视频长度和内容给他建议。你的文章须包含以下内容:
1. 描述该图片 2.根据图片中获得的信息给出建议
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2021/12/22/2878143770402816/2878974321983488/STEM/b0b4bf35-faf4-4527-8f54-38b4c5f343b4.png?resizew=358)
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Are People Unique?
It is human beings' pride that we are the only species on the Planet that can speak and think. However, recent research casts doubt on that common belief.
Zuberbuhler, a psychologist at St Andrews University, and his colleagues recorded thousands of calls made by Diana monkeys and noticed that the monkeys adapted their calls to change the meaning to warn one another about different situations. For example,they made a "krack" alarm call at the sight of a tiger. However,when they merely repeated calls made by other monkeys they added an "oo".
The researchers found that the same calls would be recognized by other species, like Campbell's monkeys. So they are communicating across species."And since then we have found that hornbill birds can understand these calls and they too can understand all the different meanings, said Zuberbuhler. What is also surprising is that signs of intelligence have been found in birds whose small brains were long assumed to be a complete barrier to intelligence. However, all that is changing fast. A few years ago, Irene Pepperberg of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology taught a parrot to recognize and count up to six objects, which couldn't have been achieved if birds were unable to memorize.
Last year that was topped by Alex Kacelnik, a professor of behavioral ecology at Oxford, who discovered that crows (乌鸦) are capable of using tools in complex orders, the first time such behavior had been observed in non-humans. In an experiment seven crows successfully grabbed a piece of food placed out of reach using three different lengths of stick. Crucially, they were able to complete the task without any special training, suggesting the birds were capable of a level of abstract reasoning normally associated only with humans.
All this is powerful evidence against the idea that people are unique.
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6 . The Champion Snorer(打鼾者)
It was the Cedar Rapids sleeper. Outside,it was as dark as the inside of an ink-bottle. In the sleeping car people slept.Or tried it.
Some of them slept like Christian men and women, peacefully, sweetly and quietly. Others slept like demons(恶魔),ill intentionally,disgustingly,cruelly, as though it was their mission to keep everybody else awake.
We never heard anything snore like him. It was the most systematic snoring that was ever done, even on one of these tournaments of snoring, a sleeping car.
He started out with terrific“Gu-r-r-rt!"that opened every eye in the car.We all hoped it was an accident, however, and trusting that he wouldn't do it again,we all forgave him.Then he ruined our hopes and spoiled the sweet sincerity of our forgiveness by a long-drawn“Gw-a-h-h-hah!". That sounded too much like business to be accidental.
Evidently it was going to last all night: and the exhausted heads drooped back on the sleepless pillows, and the scolding began.
A.Pretty soon "lower three"gave us a little variation |
B.Then there was a pause, and we all began to hope he had awakened from sleep. |
C.He didn't begin as soon as the lamps were turned down and everybody was in bed. |
D.Of these the man in lower number three was the worst. |
E.Just as the other passengers had consulted together how they might stop him, morning dawned. |
F.Then every head in that sleepless sleeper was held off the pillow for a minute, waiting in breathless suspense to hear the worst. |
7 . By now you've probably heard about the "you're not special"speech,when English teacher David McCullough told graduating seniors at Wellesley High School:" Do not get the idea that you're anything special, because you're not." Mothers and fathers present at the ceremony took issue with these words. But lost in the uproar was something we really should be taking to heart: our young people actually have no idea whether they're particularly talented or accomplished or not. In our eagerness to lift their confidence,we forgot to teach them how to realistically assess their own abilities, a crucial requirement for getting better at anything from math to music to sports. In fact, it's not just privileged high-school students: we all tend to view ourselves as above average.
Such inflated self-judgments have been found in study after study, and it's often exactly when we're least competent at a given task that we rate our performance most generously. In a 2006 study published in the journal Medical Education, for example, medical students who scored the lowest on an essay test were the most charitable in their self-evaluations, while high-scoring students judged themselves much more severely.
Poor students, the authors note,"lack insight" into their own inadequacy.Why should this be?Another study, led by Comell University psychologist David Dunning, offers an enlightening explanation. People who are less capable, he writes with co-author Justin Kruger, suffer from a"double burden": they're not good at what they do, and their very ineptness prevents them from recognizing how bad they are.There's a conflict here, the authors note:"The skills that help to develop competence in a particular field are often the very same skills necessary to evaluate competence in that field." In other words, to get better at judging how well we're doing at an activity,we have to get better at the activity itself.
There are a couple of ways out of this double bind. First,we can learn to make honest comparisons with others. Train yourself to recognize excellence, even when you yourself don't possess it, and compare what you can do against what truly excellent individuals are able to accomplish. Second, seek out feedback that is frequent, accurate and specific. Find a critic who will tell you not only how poorly you're doing.but just what it is that you're doing wrong. As Dunning and Kruger note, success indicates to us that everything went right, but failure is more ambiguous: any number of things could have gone wrong. Use this external feedback to figure out exactly where and when you screwed up.
If we adopt these strategies---and most importantly, teach them to our children---they won't need parents,or a commencement(毕业典礼)speaker, to tell them that they're special. They'll already know that they are,or have a plan to get that way.
1. The author thinks the real problem is that ________.A.young people are expected to lift their confidence |
B.young people don't know how to evaluate their performance correctly |
C.young people can't make outstanding academic achievements |
D.we always tend to consider ourselves to be privileged |
A.Because the burdens they carry prevent their development. |
B.Because what they do requires mope skills than they possess. |
C.Because they lack the critical ability to judge their performance. |
D.Because they have always been told by others that they are special. |
A.We need to acknowledge our excellence so that we can do better. |
B.The best way to get better is to carefully study past failures on our own. |
C.We should make comparisons with others so that we can know where and when we failed. |
D.It is essential that we know where our limitations are and seek honest comments from others. |
A.Special or Not? Teach Kids to Figure It Out |
B.Let's Admit That We Are Not That Special |
C.Tips on Making Ourselves More Special |
D.Tell the Truth:Kids Overestimate Their Talents |
8 . Things You Need to Know About Your STRESS
After 60 years of research, scientists have determined what causes stress. There's even a handy acronym: NUTS.
N is for Novelty: This is something new you've not experienced before, like the first day of school or a new job.
U is for Unpredictability: When you don't know how something is going to take shape, as is the case during a trip to the dentist.
T is for Threat to the Ego: When your competence is questioned, such as in front of your colleagues. We're very sensitive to this.
S is for Sense of Control: When you feel you have little or no control over the situation like being stuck in traffic.
It's helpful to identify your sources of stress, because a problem well-defined is a problem almost solved. The opposite of stress is not relaxation—it's resilience. If you tell your brain that you can deal with this, it will stop producing the stress hormone and you will calm down.
Get on Your Bike !
As various bits of research have shown, cycling will lower your stress levels, whether you're doing a quick errand or committing to a lifetime on two wheels.
15 MINUTES LATER
A 2013 study from Japan showed a marked drop in people's stress levels after they had pedalled for just 15 minutes on a stationary bike.
AN HOUR LATER
Researchers found in 2015 that, compared to their cycling colleagues, those who drove or took the subway—breathed more shallowly an hour later—a sure sign of stress.
18 YEARS LATER
After following 17,985 adult commuters for 18 years, U.K. researchers discovered in 2014 that those who walked or biked reported being happier, more confident and better able to face their problems.
①
In a 2015 study, researchers subjected 66 teen girls to a stress test. Some of them held their mothers' hands during the test; others had to go it alone. The girls who had contact with their moms were able to manage stress more effectively. It's what psychologists refer to as emotional load sharing.
②
In a 2007 UCLA study, some patients hospitalized for heart failure spent 12 minutes with a therapy dog, while another group interacted with a volunteer. The dog crowd experienced greater decreases in their anxiety level compared to the patients whose visitors could actually talk back.
1. According to the passage, which of the following people may suffer the highest level of stress in their own situation?A.Luna,19, has prepared well for her first internship with the help of her mother. |
B.Karol,19, finally had her decayed tooth pulled out last Thursday at the dentist's. |
C.Tom,29, is stuck in traffic at 8:50 a.m. on his first day at a new job, which starts at 9:00 a.m. |
D.Jenny,49, is kept in the dark about a secret farewell party that her colleagues are planning to give her. |
A.![]() | B.![]() |
C.![]() | D.![]() |
A.①Raise your hand! ②Get some volunteer company! |
B.①Ask mom for help! ②Love your furry friend! |
C.①Hug your family! ②Get a furry companion! |
D.①Family support! ②Find a volunteer companion! |
9 . It seems to me that all writers, including those brilliant ones, need encouragement particularly in their early years. I always knew I could write,but that just meant I wrote a little better than my peers. I hope that I might one day write well enough to derive income from my efforts. Oddly enough,this never occurred to me until I met a special teacher in life.
There was a kind teacher at Hyde Park High School in Chicago,who simply by concentrating her attention on me, made me believe that I might be able to master the knack of writing well enough to consider the craft as a profession. Miss Marguerite Byme taught English,which of course, involved writing skills.Whatever instruction she shared with me was exactly the same as all her other students enjoyed, but the only difference was that she encouraged me to begin the process of submitting things I was writing, in those days, chiefly poems.
To my surprise, the Chicago Tribune not only thought enough of several of my verses to publish them, but also paid me, inadvertently, the highest compliment a fledgling author can receive. The editor wrote a confidential letter to Miss Byme, asking her to see, if by any chance, one of her students, a certain Stephen Allen, might be guilty of copying. The editor's suspicions had been aroused, because he was kind enough to say, he found it hard to believe that a seventeen-year-old student could create material on such a professional level.When Miss Byme shared the letter with me, I was overjoyed! It was wonderfully heartening.
Miss Byme made me realize that I should not hide my light. This made me collect my courage to enter a writing contest. The assignment was to write an essay titled "Rediscovering America". I was literally astonished when I received a letter saying that I was the winner of the contest.The prize was a thousand dollars. My mother, at the time, was not even aware that I was interested in writing, or if she had somehow found out about it, she took little notice.When I arrived home that evening with the letter, she was indifferent and did not ask how the evening had gone.
Without encouragement, even talented students will continue to perform below expectations. For example, at the same high school, there was a teacher whose Spanish language classes I attended but from whom I unfortunately learned very little simply because of the woman's cold sarcastically critical attitude. She seemed to know nothing about nurturing students. Soon, I withdrew from her classroom literacy instruction.
Years later, I was able to repay my debt to Marguerite Byme by dedicating one of my books, Wry on the Rocks------A collection of Poems.to her. I have enjoyed a lifetime writing books and television scripts because of her urge.
1. Miss Byme treated me differently from other students in that ________.A.she encouraged the author to try to earn money from writing |
B.she gave the author private instructions on writing skills |
C.she advised the author to contribute his writing works |
D.she taught the author the knack of writing as a profession |
A.he regretted overpaying the author |
B.he had doubts about the author's writing abilities |
C.he wanted to inform her of the author's talent |
D.he wanted to befriend a future star writer |
A.The author had set the goal of writing professionally since childhood. |
B.The share of the editor's letter made the author ashamed of his behavior. |
C.The author won the writing contest which made his mother proud of him. |
D.The author quitted Spanish course because of the teacher's negative attitude. |
A.writing skills should be cultivated since high school years |
B.it's easy for a writer like him to make a living by writing |
C.parents should take kid's interests and talents seriously |
D.development of skills and abilities require adequate encouragement |
10 . Why HS2 should go ahead
For the country that invented railways, Britain has shown remarkably little interest in them lately. New networks have been built around Europe in the past few decades, but the only significant stretch of
Britain's big
Rail is an increasingly significant part of the transport mix. Climate change is making carbon-efficiency even more important. At the same time, passenger numbers have gone beyond
The benefit-to-cost ratio(效益成本比率) calculated for HS2, at around one, is hardly acknowledged. But just as the costs of big transport projects are often
The main point of HS2, similarly, is its impact on the cities and towns along its
A.land | B.track | C.highway | D.water |
A.Besides | B.Indeed | C.Fortunately | D.Likewise |
A.qualification | B.eagerness | C.reluctance | D.potential |
A.theory | B.ambition | C.problem | D.solution |
A.gaps | B.lists | C.lines | D.periods |
A.highlights | B.increases | C.counts | D.limits |
A.speed | B.length | C.quantity | D.quality |
A.records | B.forecasts | C.averages | D.scopes |
A.varying | B.declining | C.growing | D.remaining |
A.shared | B.underestimated | C.overlooked | D.controlled |
A.for instance | B.as a result | C.in addition | D.out of problem |
A.political | B.cultural | C.economic | D.historic |
A.extension | B.border | C.surface | D.route |
A.settled down | B.put forward | C.taken over | D.left behind |
A.tough | B.flexible | C.innovative | D.vacant |