4 . 钟南山为抗疫 (COVID-19) 作出了巨大的贡献，这为他赢得了共和国勋章（the Medal of the Republic）。(earn) (汉译英)

5 . 我钦佩这位小女孩想成为超一流科学家的雄心，希望她的梦想能成真。(admire) (汉译英)

6 . 我们镇上在修建新铁路。(town) (汉译英)

8 . Imagine swimming in a lake on a hot summer day. The water is quite warm, but the wind is strong and the moment you leave the water you feel chilly and get “goosebumps (鸡皮疙瘩) ”. So you change clothes and move inside to warm up. You make a nice cup of tea, get under a blanket and turn on the radio. Suddenly, you hear a song from a long time ago, one that your grandmother often sang to you when you were a child.     1     Why do such seemingly unrelated events lead to the same bodily reaction?

Goosebumps are a physiological phenomenon we got from our animal ancestors. They are tiny elevations of the skin that look like the skin of children or geese after the feathers have been pulled off.     2    

Goosebumps are caused by a contraction (收缩) of muscles that are attached to each hair. Each contracting muscle creates a shallow depression (凹陷) on the skin surface. As a result, the surrounding area stands out.     3     In animals with a thick coat of hair this rising of the hair expands the layer of air. The thicker the layer of hair, the more heat is retained. In people this reaction is useless because we do not have a coat of hair on our bodies.

In addition to cold, the hair will also stand up in many animals when they feel threatened.     4     This will probably make the attacker back off. People also tend to experience goosebumps during emotional situations, such as walking down the aisle during their wedding, listening to their nation’s anthem, or even just watching horror movies. Quite often a person may get goosebumps many years after a significant event, just by thinking about the emotions they were experiencing at that time.

The reason for all these responses is the subconscious release of adrenaline (肾上腺素). It is often released when we feel cold or afraid, but also if we are under stress and feel strong emotions. Other signs of adrenaline release include sweaty palms, an increase in blood pressure, a racing heart or the feeling of “butterflies” in the stomach.

A．Therefore we could also call them “turkeybumps” or “duckbumps.”

B．Again, you feel a chill on your back and again, you get goosebumps.

C．The contraction also causes the hair to stand up whenever the body feels cold.

D．When a cat is attacked by a dog, for example, the elevated hair makes the cat appear bigger.

E．Adrenaline not only causes the contraction of skin muscles but also influences many other bodily reactions.

F．It is something we inherited from our distant ancestors, though we don’t seem to benefit from the reaction much.

9 . How to Volunteer Abroad and Actually Help People

Fear of “voluntourism” shouldn’t stop you from doing something great. We’ve all heard it. Those “voluntourists” going to Africa think they’re helping, but they’re actually going for a holiday, wasting money, and strengthening dangerous stereotypes (刻板印象). I am, though, against the idea that we shouldn’t volunteer abroad at all. How would the world be a better place without people devoting their time and resources to help others who need it?

I chose my organization well. As a student, there are so many options for volunteering abroad. I travelled with Cambridge Development Initiative, a student-run project that works on sustainable development projects in Tanzania. There were four branches and I was on the business team. We were trained on the dangers of voluntourism and on best volunteer practices. We learned about the culture and even learned some basic Swahili, the local language, before travelling. When we were in Tanzania, we stayed in the same accommodation alongside our Tanzanian team members, ate the same food, and spent our free time in the same places.

When I told my friend I was travelling to Tanzania to volunteer for the summer, he said, “Oh, you’re going to have one of those summers where you go away for a couple of months and it totally changes your profile (头像) picture.”

I didn’t change my profile picture, but I did help 23 young people start their own companies. They brainstormed ideas, surveyed target communities, improved their designs, came up with business plans, and collected seed capital for their startups. They came up with creative ideas, such as a “mini-grid” (微型电网) providing electricity to an off-grid village and a plastic-waste recycling company.

Before I went to Tanzania, I was “this close” to taking an internship in a company instead because I worried I would be contributing to the negative practice of voluntourism. Here’s how I made sure that didn’t happen, and why I think the benefits of volunteering abroad far outweigh the benefits of taking some questionable moral high reasons back home.

1. What is voluntourism?

A．A study in a developing country.

B．A trip to a developing country to help out.

C．A cultural exchange in a developing country.

D．A traveling to a developing country to help out, but doing more harm.

2. How did the writer ensure not contributing to the negative side of voluntourism?

A．By not trusting any organization.

B．By learning about the local culture and language.

C．By providing electricity to an off-grid village.

D．By making trade with the team members.

3. Which one was NOT done by the writer?

A．The writer came up with ideas to solve off-grid problems.

B．The writer helped establish young people’s own start-ups.

C．The writer gave up a corporate internship.

D．The writer went to Tanzania as a volunteer.

4. What did the writer’s friend imply?

A．The writer would have a moral high experience worth showing off.

B．The writer was able to change the profile picture after the trip.

C．The writer should help the locals as much as possible.

D．The writer should volunteer because it would be life-changing.

10 . Here is a checklist for whether you can do the following things to live a better life. Tick if you can.

Talk about your emotions and difficulties. We tend to have difficulty expressing our emotions, yet they drive so much of what we do. Worse, we compensate with drugs and alcohol to mask our feelings of not being successful. Talking about how we feel, honestly, can free us. Don’t be afraid of not being successful. We think being loved is equal to being successful, but as Vanier said, “You are beautiful as you are.” The true measure of a person is not defined by the size of his/her bank account. It’s defined by their emotional bank account, how kind they are and how they treat others. We might envy (忌妒) Mark Zuckerberg’s wealth, but admire people like Mother Teresa more. In a relationship, take the time to ask: “How are you?” You’re married to your spouse, not success. Yes, work is important to provide for our families. But being there for our families is even more important. Take the time to check in. Ask how your spouse and kids are doing. They’ll remember your thoughtfulness and love much more than your career success. Stop looking at your phone. Be present! The digital age has brought us instant communication, but are we really talking to one another? Listen to your deepest desire and follow it. Unlike animals, human beings have moral and spiritual needs. Beyond eating, procreating and existing, we search for the unknown. All of us have an inner voice that guides us. Our hearts often tell us when we are off course. Learn to trust your heart. Remember that you will die one day. Jean Vanier noted that “We’re all here, but we are just local people. Passengers on a journey. We get on and off the train and the world will continue.” Remembering that you will die one day can help guide our actions today. It can reshape the kind of person we want to be.

1. According to the passage, how can we feel relieved?

A．By fearing success.

B．By communicating your feelings.

C．By inquiring people.

D．By leaving your phone behind.

2. What does the 4^th rule tell us?

A．You are married to your husband/wife.

B．You must work for your family.

C．You should pay more attention to people around you than your work.

D．You have to ask your family’s daily routine.

3. These are the rules all about ______.

A．keeping you fit

B．improving your life attitude

C．interacting with people

D．having a relationship