1 . Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. removable       B. functional       C. restrictions       D. alter       E. break        F. reportedly     G. overload          H. channel       I. access       J. prioritize       K. handling

The Trunkster, a bag with built-in smart features might just challenge the standard roller bag. The main security feature: It's zipperless. A sliding roll top-door design allows for easy     1     by the owner, but reduces the risk of theft or accidental opening during baggage     2    . If airport security has to search the bag, there a TSA-approved combination lock. Need to juice up your phone? A     3     battery can charge portable devices through a USB connection. Perhaps the coolest part - especially if your holiday shopping habits put you at a risk of going beyond baggage weight     4     --- is a built-in digital scale. Want to know how much stuff you're pulling? Lift the bag and the display on the handle shows weight in pounds or kilograms.

Trunkster co-founder Jesse Potash said he and his co-founder, based in New York, created the luggage in 2014, after finding nothing they believed could     5     accessibility. They wanted to “completely     6    “ the classic case -- with zippers -- for “the modern, minimalist(极简的)traveler,” Potash says. He adds that they didn't want to       7     the user with “as many features as possible” because that would not be required.

One more feature you can add on? Tracking. Airlines are     8     doing a better job these days of not losing bags. But for those who want to track their cases there are stand-alone gadgets(精巧的装置) like the Trakdot or Pocket-Finder Luggage Tracker. For an extra $40, you can add a subscription-free, removable GPS to the Trunkster.

But smarting up a     9     object comes with a problem. “When you have this much technology in a suitcase ... there are more things to change,' says George Hobica, a world traveler. Besides, the Trunkster is all black, and we all know that finding a black-colored bag in a sea of suitcases is like searching for a blade of grass on a football field. Attention, luggage manufacturers looking to     10     the typical pattern: Go bolder with unusual colors and designs.

2 . Types of Social Groups

Life places us in a complex web of relationships with other people. Our humanness arises out of these relationships in the course of social interaction. Moreover, our humanness must be sustained through social interaction -- and fairly constantly so. When an association continues long enough for two people to become linked together by a relatively stable set of expectations, it is called a relationship.

People are bound within relationships by two types of bonds: expressive ties and instrumental ties. Expressive ties are social links formed when we emotionally invest ourselves in and commit ourselves to other people. Through association with people who are meaningful to us, we achieve a sense of security, love, acceptance, companionship, and personal worth. Instrumental ties are social links focused when we cooperate with other people to achieve some goal.

Occasionally, this may mean working with, instead of against, competitors. More often, we simply cooperate with others to reach some end without endowing the relationship with any larger significance.

Sociologists have built on the distinction between expressive and instrumental ties to distinguish between two types of groups: primary and secondary. A primary group involves two or more people who enjoy a direct, intimate, cohesive relationship with one another. Expressive ties predominate in primary groups: we view the people as ends in themselves and valuable in their own right. A secondary group entails two or more people who are involved in an impersonal relationship and have come together for a specific, practical purpose. Instrumental ties predominate in secondary groups ; we perceive people as means to ends rather than as ends in their own right. sometimes primary group relationships evolve out of secondary group relationships. This happens in many work settings. People on the job often develop close relationships with coworkers as they come to share gripes, jokes, gossip, and satisfactions.

A number of conditions enhance the likelihood that primary groups will arise. First, group size is important. We find it difficult to get to know people personally when they are milling about and dispersed in large groups. In small groups we have a better chance to initiate contact and establish rapport with them. Second, face - to - face contact allows us to size up others. Seeing and talking with one another in close physical proximity makes possible a subtle exchange of ideas and feelings. And third, the probability that we will develop primary group bonds increases as we have frequent and continuous contact. Our ties with people often deepen as we interact with them across time and gradually evolve interlocking habits and interests.

Primary groups are fundamental to us and to society. Sociologists view primary groups as bridges between individuals and the larger society because they transmit, mediate, and interpret a society’s cultural patterns and provide the sense of oneness so critical for social solidarity. Primary groups, then serve both as carriers of social norms and as enforcers of them.

1. According to Paragraph 1, which of the following statements is true of a relationship?

A．It is a structure of associations with many people.

B．It should be studied in the course of social interaction.

C．It places great demands on people.

D．It develops gradually over time.

2. Which of the following can be inferred from the author’s claim in paragraph 4 that primary group relationships sometimes evolve out of secondary group relationships?

A．Secondary group relationships begin by being primary group relationships.

B．A secondary group relationship that is highly visible quickly becomes a primary group relationship.

C．Sociologists believe that only primary group relationships are important to society.

D．Even in secondary groups, frequent communication serves to bring people into close relationships.

3. The phrase “size up” in paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to “________”.

A．enlarge	B．evaluate
C．impress	D．accept

4. This passage is developed primarily by ________.

A．drawing comparisons between theory and practice

B．presenting two opposing theories

C．defining important concepts

D．discussing causes and their effects

3 . Sunny countries are often poor. A shame, then, that solar power is still quite expensive. Eight19, a British company by Cambridge University, has, however, invented a novel way to get round this. In return for a deposit of around￡10 it is supplying poor Kenyan families with a solar cell able to generate 2.5 watts of electricity, a battery that can deliver a three amp (安培) current to store this electricity, and a lamp whose bulb is a light­emitting diode (二极管). The firm thinks that this system, once the battery is fully charged, is enough to light two small rooms and to power a mobile­phone charger for seven hours. Then, next day, it can be put outside and charged back up again.

The trick is that, to be able to use the electricity, the system’s keeper must buy a scratch card — for as little as a dollar — on which is printed a reference number. The keeper sends this reference, plus the serial number of the household solar unit, by SMS to Eight19. The company’s server will respond automatically with an access code to the unit.

Users may consider that they are paying an hourly rate for their electricity. In fact, they are paying off the cost of the unit. After buying around￡80 worth of scratch cards — which Eight19 expects would take the average family around 18 months — the user will own it. He will then have the option of continuing to use it for nothing, or of trading it in for a bigger one, perhaps driven by a 10­watt solar cell.

In that case, he would go then through the same process again, paying off the additional cost of the upgraded kit at a slightly higher rate. Users would therefore increase their electricity supply steadily and affordably.

According to Eight19’s figures, this looks like a good deal for customers. The firm believes the average energy­starved Kenyan spends around￡10 a month on oil — enough to fuel a couple of smoky lamps — plus￡2 on charging his mobile phone in the market­place. Regular users of one of Eight19’s basic solar units will spend around half that, before owning it completely. Meanwhile, as the cost of solar technology falls, it should get even cheaper.

1. The underlined word “get round” in the first paragraph can be replaced by “______”.

A．make use of	B．come up with
C．look into	D．deal with

2. What should the user do when the electricity in the battery is used up?

A．Buy a scratch card.

B．Recharge it outside.

C．Buy another solar cell.

D．Return it to the company.

3. How much would users pay for the cell and scratch cards before they own a 2.5­watt solar cell?

A．Around￡10.	B．Around￡80.
C．Around￡90.	D．Around￡180.

4. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that       .

A．Kenyan families would find it difficult to afford the solar cell

B．using the solar cell would help Kenyan families save money

C．few Kenyan families use mobile phones for lack of electricity

D．the company will make a great profit from selling solar cells

4 . Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that bet fits each blank.

Procrastination - a Virtue When It Comes to Creativity?

Psychologist Adam Grant, from the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, argues that people who “put off” solving a task for a little while - thus engaging in moderate procrastination -- are often able to come up with     1     (original) ideas about how to solve that task than people who get started on their work right away.

Grant makes this argument in the book Originals: How Non-conformists Change the World and reiterates it in a popular TED talk     2     he says that “procrastination is a vice when it comes to productivity, but it can be a virtue when it comes to creativity.” This point of view seems     3     (find) some support in existing studies that indicate a correlation between creativity and “putting things off.”

Grant explains that the link between moderate procrastination and originality likely     4     (exist) because when we actively put off a task for a while, our preoccupation with the task itself does not disappear. Instead, the unfinished work “runs in the background” of our brains,     5     (buy) us time to find innovative solutions.

One study     6     (publish) in Personality and Individual Differences in 2017 also found a link between creative ideation (coming up with creative ideas) and active procrastination. It suggested that among 853 undergraduates at Chinese universities, “active procrastinators” may be more prone to creativity.

Boredom     7     have something to do with this boost in creative thinking. Older research from the University of Florida in Gainesville suggests that people who procrastinate may be more prone to boredom than their peers.

And while boredom itself is a concept that sometimes has negative connotations, studies     8     (show) that allowing ourselves to feel bored for a while can boost our creative abilities. The researchers explain that this may be because when we are bored, we allow our minds to wander, thus “training” our imaginations.

Finally,     9     putting off a task forever out of fear and self-doubt may be paralyzing and unhelpful, a little bit of “directed” procrastination will likely not be harmful and may allow us to assess the task at hand more imaginatively.

And for some of us, that pressure of looking a deadline straight in the eye can be just     10     we need to keep us on our toes. As Calvin, one of the main characters in the comic strips Calvin and Hobbes, once said : “You can’t just turn on creativity like a faucet. You have to be in the right mood,” and that mood is “last - minute panic.”

5 . Directions; Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

Why Do Chinese Parents Prefer Legos to Barbies?

Budding engineers cluster around a table - sized model of the China Art Museum, a landmark of Shanghai, adding helipads, carrot patches and other improvements with     1     bricks. Prising a child from Lego’s vast shop near People’s Square can be like     2     two stubborn bits of Lego. Li Yang, visiting for a few days from Shenzhen, has been waiting for her daughter for two hours. Zhu Yunfei, watching his son,     3     at the variety: “Coming here to play with him is making up for my childhood,” he says. They drop by every week.

Lego’s rise in China has been rapid and dramatic. In 2017 it     4     Alpha Group, a local giant, to become the country’s leading toy company (not including video games). In the past two years it has opened 89 stores. It wants 50 more by December, which will bring it to 30 cities. Its first Chinese factory started molding bricks in 2016. The toy industry is growing by 9% annually in the country, but the Danish firm’s Chinese arm notches up “very strong double digits,” says Paul Huang, its boss.

It has done so even as the brick maker’s global business has looked shakier. In 2017 Lego cut 1,400 jobs and     5     its first drop in revenues and profits in over a decade. But last year both ticked up again, by 4% each. Lego has thus     6     its status as the world’s biggest toy-maker, taken from Mattel in 2014 -- even as its American rival last year     7     its highest revenues in five years from its Barbie dolls.

Newly affluent（富裕的）parents in China have helped Lego     8    . “We have not maxed out there, by far,” says Niels Christiansen, whom Lego brought in as chief executive two years ago. As in the West, the educational merits of bricks     9     to Chinese parents. Last year 98% of those surveyed by Lego said that play was     10     for their child’s well-being, even more than Americans and Danes.

6 . Information for Visitors.

For large print versions and access information, ask at the Information Desk in the Great Court call +44 (0) 30 7323 8299, or visit britishmuseum.org

Opening times

Great Court

Saturday - Thursday   09:00 - 18:00

Friday                      09:00 - 20:30

Galleries and special exhibitions

Saturday - Thursday   10:00 - 17:30

Friday                      10:00 - 20:30

Please note that galleries start closing 10 minutes before the published closing times.

For a list of late openings, visit britishmuseum.org or contact the Information Desk

by calling +44 (0) 20 7323 8299

The Museum is closed on 1 January, Good Friday and 24026 December.

Access

Most galleries, events and facilities at the British Museum have level access including all the cafes and the restaurant. The locations of level access toilets are shown on the map, and lifts in the Great Court provide access to all adjacent floor levels. Wheelchairs can be borrowed free of charge from both entrances or booked in advance from the Information Desk.

Temporary exhibitions are regularly accompanied with tactile images and Braille. Audio description is provided for some temporary exhibitions. All major temporary exhibitions have large print information available for use.

Touch Tours are available for the Egyptian Sculpture Gallery (Room 4) and the Parthenon Introductory Gallery (Room 18), which has Bale labels and plaster cast reliefs of the Parthenon sculptures. Request a pack from the Information Desk.

Magnifying glasses are available to borrow from the Information Desk. The Museumj regularly programmes curatorial - led handling sessions for blind and partially - sighted visitors. For further details, contact the Learning, volunteers and Audiences Department at +44 (0) 20 7323 8510 / 8850 or learning@britishmuseum.org.

British Sign Language - interpreted gallery talks take place every month. For details, see the Museum’s bi-monthly guide, What’s On, or contact the information Desk.

A Multimedia guide with signed video commentaries for over 200 highlight objects of the Museum is available from the Multimedia Guide Desk.

A Sound Enhancement System with portable induction loops is available for most gallery talks and to support sign - interpreted tours.

Family activities

Family events are regularly held at weekends and during school holidays. For more details, pick up a Families leaflet. Family backpacks and trails are available from the families Desk in the Great Court at weekends and every day during school holidays. A family souvenir guide book. Explore the British Museum, and Children’s Multimedia Guide are also available.

Events programme

The events programme includes a wide range of lectures, films, special events and courses, including adult learning, family activities and more. For full details, pick up What’s On from the Information Desk in the Great Court.

Regulations for visitors

To heop everyone enjoy the Museum, please:

Keep mobiles in silent mode and don’t take calls in gallery spaces

Don’t touch the objects (you can handle selected objects at the Hands - On desks -- ask at the Information Desk for details)

Don’t smoke on the premises

Don’t eat or drink in the galleries

Sketching with pencil in the galleries is allowed. Photography is permitted in selected galleries, for non-commercial uses. CCTV is in operation at all times in the British Museum.

Facilities

Cloakrooms

The main cloakroom is to the left of the Main entrance, a second cloakroom is located by the Montague Place entrance. The cloakrooms do not accept large luggage (maximum dimensions: 40 × 40 × 50 cm).

(Copyright 2002, 2007 and 2008 the Trustees of the British Museum. Printed in Italy.)

1. Where can you probably find this information?

A．The official website of the British Museum.

B．The map with color plans and visitor information of the British Museum.

C．A leaflet distributed on the streets near the British Museum.

D．The notice board at the entrance of the British Museum.

2. If a family with two adults and three teenagers from the Untied States want to take part in the family activities of the Museum, they should pay attention to the following information EXCEPT that _________.

A．the Museum is closed at Christmas and on New Year’s Day and Good Friday but not on school holiday

B．all the backpacks and luggage including the large ones should be deposited in the cloakrooms before entering

C．families are allowed to touch the selected objects at the Hands - On desks in the museum

D．teenagers an sketch with pencil and take photos in selected galleries for their schoolwork

3. Which of the following statements is true about access to the Museum?

A．Wheelchairs can be borrowed and booked in advance with a deposit.

B．Some major temporary exhibitions don’t provide large print information but audio description is available.

C．The Museum provides curatorial - led handling sessions for blind and partially - sighted visitors if required.

D．Visitors can borrow a Multimedia Guide and a sound enhancement system is available to support sign - interpreted tours.