7 . The designer, Charles Frederick Worth (1825-95), was the first to sew labels into the clothes that he created. Because of this and his international fame, Worth is generally considered to be the father of _________ , which started in the late 19th century. Before then, making clothes was mainly done by _________ dressmakers whose clothes were influenced by what people were wearing at the French royal court. Worth, originally from England, moved to France in 1846, where he enjoyed considerable success with the nobility. Since then, there have been even greater successes for other designers, such as Chanel and Armani and those _________ the younger, trendier market, for example, Tommy Hilfiger. Currently the fashion industry relies more on mass-market sales than on _________ designs. Some well-known designers have even teamed up with international high street shops who want to add a luxury product to their range. _________ , the London branch of H&M, a clothing company from Stockholm, has started selling cut-price clothes by high-fashion designers. Recently, hundreds of people _________ outside for up to 12 hours to buy clothes designed by Lanvin! Some camped there overnight, even though at the time England was experiencing an extremely cold winter. Is this _________ to labelled goods really worth all the trouble?

An article in The Economist suggests labelled clothes really do _________ the wearers. It quotes research from Tilburg University, in the Netherland, which explains that such clothes bring status and even job recommendations, but only when the label is _________ ! The university’s first research experiment involved photos of a man wearing a polo shirt. The photos were digitally __________ so that one shirt had no logo, another had a luxury-designer logo and the third had a non-luxury logo. On a five-point scale for status, the luxury designer logo rated 3.5, no logo rated 2.91 and the non-luxury logo came last, rated 2.84. It seems it may be better to have no logo at all than to have the __________ logo! In another experiment, people watched one of two videos of a job interview of the same man. In one, his shirt had a luxury logo on it, in the other it didn’t. The man with the logo was rated more __________ the job and even received a recommendation for a 9% higher salary!

The research concluded that like a peacock’s tail, designer labels are seen as __________ of superior status: ‘the peacock with the best tail gets all the girls’. But while a peacock can’t make his tail look more attractive, it seems humans can __________ their status by using design labels. And by doing so, the way we __________ each other’s status may be seriously wrong!

11.

A．special

B．luxurious

C．wrong

D．untold

8 . Like it or hate it, when Kim Kardashian wears something, people take notice. With the reality TV star wearing secondhand Azzedine Alaia to Paris fashion week, secondhand Jean Paul Gaultier to a party and a secondhand 1990s Thierry Mugler gown to an award ceremony, it _________ change is happening. Who would have thought that Kardashian --- a woman worth $350m (￡270m) --- would be making a case for sustainable fashion?

As consumers become increasingly aware of the _________ impact of fashion, they are looking for a more sustainable way to shop. Could _________ secondhand be the answer？

Vintage(复古风格),it seems, is increasingly _________. High-end boutique Browns has also just launched the label One Vintage, which uses antique textiles to create new clothes. Octavia Bradford, the womenswear buyer for Browns, says: “_________ is the loudest conversation in fashion right now.”

A study shows that, last year, 64% of women were willing to buy pre-owned pieces compared with 45% in 2016 --- and _________, by 2022 19% of the clothes in women's wardrobes will be secondhand. Fashion circularity, a new term referring to the recycled life of clothes, is _________ to reach $51bn in five years, up from the current $24 bn, according to ThredUp's annual resale report.

Stella McClure, the founder of the online shop The Stellar Boutique, has noticed a _________. When she opened the shop 20 years ago “there was still _________ attached. But now (thankfully) The Stellar boutique is not just acceptable --- it's cool and has completely ____________ the fashion trends.” she says.

Apart from people’s increased ____________ of sustainability, vintage fashion fits neatly into the wider mood of the Instagram age, where authenticity and originality ---not being seen in the same outfit as anyone else--- are ____________. What better ways to stand out than to wear clothes few others are likely to own?

Not ____________ to sit back and watch others profit from their vintage items, some luxury labels are relaunching decades-old designs from their own archives. Last year, ____________, Dior brought back its saddle bag because of the attention it was getting in the vintage fashion market. However, for some, buying vintage will never feel quite right. “It's really not my bag,” says Bates. “There are obvious ____________--- sizing isn't uniform, and you have to be careful to look for holes and rips.”