高中英语综合库练习题及答案-上海高中英语阶段练习-组卷网

完形填空(约450词) | 适中(0.65) |

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文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。体育运动中的作弊行为和体育运动本身一样古老。文章主要介绍了反兴奋剂机构引入合成代谢类固醇的检测后，利用兴奋剂的人减少了，但是这种检测也不完全可靠，会发生误测。

1 . Cheating in sport is as old as sport itself. The athletes of ancient Greece used potions to strengthen themselves before a contest, and their modern counterparts have everything from anabolic steroids (类固醇) to growth hormones with which to_________their bodies. These days, however, such stimulants are_________, and those athletes must therefore face the challenges of anti-doping (反兴奋剂) agencies.

The agencies have had remarkable success. Testing for anabolic steroids was introduced in the 1970s, and the incidence of cheating seems to have_________dramatically as a result. The tests, however, are not entirely_________. And a study just published in the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism by Jenny Jakobsson Schulze and her colleagues at the Karolinska Institute in Sweden suggests that an individual’s genetic make-up could_________the tests in two different ways. One genotype, may allow athletes who use anabolic steroids to escape detection altogether. Another may actually be convicting (给……定罪) the innocent.

The test employed for testosterone (睾酮素) abuse usually relies on measuring the_________of two chemicals found in the urine (尿液): TG. and EG.. Any ratio above four of the former to the latter is considered_________and leads to more tests. However, the production of TG is controlled by a gene called UGT2B17. This gene comes in two varieties, one of which has a part missing and therefore does not work properly. A person may thus have none, one or two working copies of UGT2B17, since he inherits one copy from each parent. Dr. Schulze_________that different numbers of working copies would produce different test results. She therefore gave healthy male volunteers whose genes had been examined a single 360mg shot of testosterone — the standard dose for legal medical use — and checked their urine to see whether the shot could be_________.

The result was remarkable. Nearly half of the men who carried no functional copies of UGT2B17 would have gone undetected in the standard doping test.____________, 14% of those with two functional copies of the gene were over the detection threshold (门槛) before they had even received an injection. The researchers estimate this would give a ____________rate of 9% in a random population of young men.

Dr. Schulze also says there is substantial____________variation in UGT2B17 genotypes. Two-thirds of Asians have no functional copies of the gene which means they have a naturally____________ratio of TG to EG, compared with under a tenth of Caucasians (白种人) — something the anti-doping bodies may wish to take into account.

In the meantime, Dr. Schulz’s study does seem to offer innocents a way of____________themselves. Athletes who will travel to Paris for the Olympic games may be wise to travel armed not only with courage and the “spirit of Olympianism”, but also with a copy of their____________, just in case.

1.

A．disrupt

B．enliven

C．stretch

D．track

2.

A．broken down

B．torn apart

C．disapproved of

D．stocked up

3.

A．fallen

B．needed

C．recorded

D．secured

4.

A．scarce

B．reliable

C．convenient

D．universal

5.

A．verify

B．guard

C．evade

D．beat

6.

A．ratio

B．make-up

C．bulk

D．trace

7.

A．innocent

B．stubborn

C．outweighed

D．suspicious

8.

A．hypothesized

B．imposed

C．confirmed

D．explained

9.

A．signified

B．detected

C．mined

D．released

10.

A．In turn

B．Or rather

C．On the contrary

D．By contrast

11.

A．mass-testing

B．false-positive

C．anti-doping

D．drug-taking

12.

A．gender

B．behavioral

C．ethnic

D．indigenous

13.

A．low

B．stable

C．high

D．identical

14.

A．educating

B．concealing

C．defending

D．examining

15.

A．birth certificate

B．genetic profile

C．reference letter

D．medical report

2022-05-21更新 | 201次组卷 | 3卷引用：上海市建平中学2021-2022学年高二下学期5月月考英语试题

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21-22高二下·上海金山·阶段练习

阅读理解-阅读单选(约380词) | 较难(0.4) |

社会问题与社会现象议论文

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2 . The public must be able to understand the basics of science to make informed decisions. Perhaps the most dramatic example of the negative consequences of poor communication between scientists and the public is the issue of climate change, where a variety of factors has contributed to widespread mistrust and misunderstanding of scientists and their research. The issue of climate change also illustrates how the public acceptance and understanding of science (or the lack of it) can influence governmental decision-making with regard to regulation, science policy and research funding.

However, the importance of effective communication with a general audience is not limited to hot issues like climate change. It is also critical for issues such as the genetic basis for a particular behavior or the use of animal models because in these areas, the public understanding of science can also influence policy and funding decisions. Furthermore, with continuing scientific advances, more non-scientists will need to be able to analyze complex scientific information to make decisions that directly affect their quality of life.

Science journalism is the main channel for the popularization of scientific information among the public. Much has been written about how the relationship between scientists and the media can shape the efficient communication of scientific advances to the public. Good science journalists are specialists in making complex topics accessible to a general audience, while sticking to scientific accuracy. Unfortunately, pieces of science journalism can also oversimplify and generalize their subject material. As a result, the basic information conveyed is difficult to understand or obviously wrong.

Even though scientists play a part in conveying information to journalists and ultimately the public, too often the blame for ineffective communication is placed on the side of the journalists. I believe that, at least in part, the problem lies in places other than the interaction between scientists and members of the media. It exists because we underestimate how difficult it is for scientists to communicate effectively with a diversity of audiences, and most scientists do not receive formal training in science communication.

1. What does the example of climate change mainly serve to show?

A．Adequate government funding is vital to scientific research.

B．Government regulation helps the public understand science.

C．The public’s scientific knowledge can influence policy making.

D．There is widespread public mistrust and misunderstanding of scientific work.

2. Why is it important for scientists to build a good relationship with the media?

A．It helps scientists to build a better public image.

B．It helps them to effectively popularize scientific information.

C．It enables scientists to better apply their findings to public health.

D．It enables the public to develop a positive attitude toward science.

3. What is the problem with some pieces of science journalism?

A．They give inaccurate or complicated information.

B．They oversimplify people’s health problems.

C．They fail to mention the scientific advances.

D．They lack detailed information about scientific research.

4. According to the writer, what should scientists do to communicate to the public more effectively?

A．Interact more with the media.

B．Give training to science journalists.

C．Improve their communication skills.

D．Arouse the public’s interest in science.

2022-05-19更新 | 219次组卷 | 2卷引用：上海市金山中学2021-2022学年高二下学期英语5月月考英语试题

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21-22高三下·上海·阶段练习

语法填空-短文语填(约370词) | 适中(0.65) |

生活故事

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文章大意：这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了Rene Compean在徒步时遇险，并最终靠着他拍摄的照片被成功救援的故事。

3 . Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

Rene Compean was no stranger to Angeles National Forest. He 1 (hike) the park numerous times. But when hiking along a new path, the 45-year-old was lost.

2 the day faded into darkness, his concern turned to fear. With only a little water in his backpack and 10% battery 3 (remain) on his cellphone, Compean was unprepared for anything more than the two-hour trip he’d planned.

Compean climbed to a spot 4 he found one bar of signal. “SOS. My phone is going to die. I'm lost,”he texted a friend, attaching a photo showing where he was. The shot showed his legs hanging over a rock face. All Compean could do then was wait. The temperature was dropping fast. 5 (dress) only in shorts, and a sweatshirt, the hiker was chilled to the bone. He hugged himself into a tight ball. And after spotting two mountain lions, he spent the night 6 high alert.

Sixty miles away, Ben Kuo 7 (work) at home when he read a posting from the police, showing an image of a man’s legs. The search-and-rescue teams had spent the previous night unsuccessfully looking for Compean, so they released the photo, hoping someone 8 recognize the location.

“I've always loved looking for where photos are taken,” Kuo says. He frequently tries to identify 9 movie scenes or commercials were filmed. He’s often successful. The first thing he noticed in Compean’s photo was plenty of greenery. After comparing it to the satellite map, Kuo realized something: “He’s got to be on the south side because there’re not any green valleys on the north side.” That finding led him to an area that looked like the territory in the image. The final step was cross-referencing the original photo with 3-D images of the area. The locations matched!

After spending 27 hours in the wilderness, Compean was found. Compean’s story probably would have ended differently had it not been for the man with strong satellite skills and 10 sharp eye for detail.

2022-05-17更新 | 201次组卷 | 1卷引用：上海市进才中学2021-2022学年高三下学期英语4月阶段练习

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21-22高二上·全国·假期作业

单项选择 | 较难(0.4) |

“介词+关系代词”引导限制性定语从句关系代词that引导限制性定语从句

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4 . This is the second workplace _________ I used to work at, many workers of __________ still have a good relationship with me.

A．that, which

B．where, which

C．where, whom

D．that, whom

2022-05-09更新 | 717次组卷 | 5卷引用：上海财经大学附属北郊高级中学2022-2023学年高一11月阶段性考试英语试题

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21-22高一下·上海·阶段练习

语法填空-短文语填(约390词) | 适中(0.65) |

健康饮食科普知识

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文章大意：这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究。表明巧克力中含有黄胺醇，它有助于提高人们的认知表现。

5 . Directions: After reading the passage, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in the blank with the proper form of the given word; for the others, use one word that best fits each blank.

Sure, chocolate is a delicious treat, and it’s a staple of some of our favorite desserts. But it’s not exactly a health food, so it should be enjoyed in moderation — right?

Well, it turns out that 1 (eat) chocolate might actually have a pretty significant health benefit. According to recent research 2 (conduct) by five scientists in Italy, compounds found in chocolate, called flavanols(黄烷醇), can help boost cognitive performance. Yes, chocolate’s good for your brain.

The scientists, studying at the Universities of Rome and L’Aquila, 3 (record) research from 10 different studies. The studies assessed people’s performance on cognitive tests before and after eating cocoa or chocolate. The results were telling: in nine out of the 10 studies, there was a noticeable improvement 4 the subjects had eaten the chocolate. The scientists found improvements in “general cognition, attention, processing speed, and working memory.” Sounds pretty good to us!

And that’s not all. In subjects, especially women, who performed the tests while sleep-deprived, the flavanols helped “counteract” the negative effects of the sleep deprivation. And there’s even more good news. 5 (take) daily over periods ranging from five days to three months, chocolate can produce noticeable long-term improvements in cognition. Older adults, 6 memories were already declining, saw an especially significant improvement. Be right back, we’re gonna go stock up on Hershey bars. Here are some more strategies that can help improve your memory.

All chocolate has flavanols, since they occur naturally in cocoa. However, dark chocolate lovers feel happy, 7 it has more flavanols than any other type of chocolate. In fact, the scientists 8 have claimed that, after doing this research, they’ve started eating dark chocolate every day! Here are some other health benefits of eating dark chocolate. Now, we’re not saying that you 9 start eating chocolate for breakfast, lunch, and dinner — it’s still high in sugar and low in nutrients. But next time you find yourself yawning after a sleepless night, snack on some chocolate and let the flavanols work their magic. Go ahead, 10 take advantage of chocolate’s newfound brainpower with these delicious recipes.

2022-04-26更新 | 182次组卷 | 3卷引用：上海市七宝中学2021-2022学年高一下学期线上检测月考英语试题

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21-22高三下·上海·阶段练习

阅读理解-六选四(约440词) | 适中(0.65) |

方法/策略职业内容

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文章大意：这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了当我们在从事第二份工作时，如何找到适合自己的时间管理系统的几条建议。

6 . Some of us take on second jobs to make ends meet. Some do it for a chance to do the work they actually enjoy. And some of us create our own second jobs to build a business or create our own projects. No matter what the reason, though, juggling more than one job is guaranteed to be a “crash” course in time management.

We all know that we’ll have to figure out a time management system when we take on a second job. Equally obvious is the fact that what works for one person (and their jobs) probably won’t work for anyone else. 1 . There are a few tricks, though, that can help.

2 . Even if you are the boss on your second job — you’re working for yourself — you have an obligation to keep that work separate from your day job. Focus on what’s in front of you. There’s actually a benefit to punching a clock when you work for more than one supervisor. When you’re on the clock for Company A, you know exactly which projects you should be working on. If Company A is paying for this time, you should be theirs, heart and soul, at least until you clock out.

Good records can also help. I’m not just talking about the calendars and task lists most of us rely on. Making sure that you have any contact information available whether you’re at Job A, Job B or home can take some extra effort, but it’s worth it. 3 .

I know plenty of people who bring their work to their primary job. It seems to be a favorite tactic of folks starting up a freelancing career or small business. I don’t think that’s the best way to manage a packed schedule. If you don’t have your primary employer’s permission, the arrangement is secret at best. That said, these situations do happen. If you’re in one of them, the best advice is to just keep things quiet.

Some companies don’t want to work anywhere else. They want to put in your eight hours, go home, sleep well and come back rested. Others consider employees who go looking for other projects as its benefits --such employees have a jump start on networking and have a wider variety of experiences.

Unfortunately, most supervisors do not come with a label describing which variety they belong to. 4 . So the general rule seems to be that you keep quiet on your extracurricular activities. I wouldn’t talk about Job A at Job B, although, if my boss was to bring up the matter, I’d be entirely truthful.

A．Priority should definitely be given to your day job

B．The same goes for your notes and other paperwork

C．It’s up to you to find a system and stick with it

D．Sometimes it is no easy task to make decisions between Job A and Job B

E．Keep firm dividers between your different jobs

F．It can be very hard to figure out your boss’s attitude

2022-04-16更新 | 119次组卷 | 2卷引用：上海市华东师范大学第三附属中学2021-2022学年高三4月在线阶段检测英语试题

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21-22高一下·上海·阶段练习

单项选择 | 较易(0.85) |

ideally regularly 副词词义辨析

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7 . Studies show that people who socialize ________live longer than loners. Interact daily with family members and friends.

A．ideally

B．comparatively

C．additionally

D．regularly

2022-04-16更新 | 258次组卷 | 2卷引用：上海交通大学附属中学2021-2022学年高一下学期4月考试英语试题

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21-22高一下·上海·阶段练习

单项选择 | 较易(0.85) |

put(put put) 语法一致

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8 . Sitting with the head and shoulders bent forward ________pressure on the stomach, forcing acid up the gullet, the tube through which food passes from the mouth to the stomach.

A．putting

B．put

C．puts

D．have put

2022-04-16更新 | 235次组卷 | 2卷引用：上海交通大学附属中学2021-2022学年高一下学期4月考试英语试题

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21-22高二下·上海·阶段练习

完形填空(约470词) | 困难(0.15) |

社会问题与社会现象教育议论文

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文章大意：这是一篇议论文。谈论了在教育过程中，父母应该理解尊重孩子，多和孩子沟通，冷静地谈判和折中，就会形成父母孩子都快乐的和谐氛围。

9 . There have been countless books and television series on living with teenagers, yet parents don’t seem to have _________ how to get their children to pick up their clothes from the bedroom floor, or even clean their room occasionally. It might be difficult to accept, but a new approach to dealing with rude or difficult teenagers is for parents to look at their own _________.

“The key to getting teenagers to respect you is to respect them first,” says Penny Palmano, who has written a best-selling book on teenagers. “You can’t _________ to treat them the same way that you have been treating them for the previous 12 years: they have opinions that count. Imagine if you’d spent two hours getting ready to go out for the evening and someone said, ‘You’ve not going out looking like that, are you?’ You’d be very _________. You’d never say that to an adult, because it shows a total _________ of respect.”

Palmano, who has a daughter aged 19, has even allowed the girl to hold several teenage parties at her home. “I’ve found that if you have brought your kids up to do the right thing, and then _________ them to do it, usually they’ll behave well,” she says. “I make them sandwiches and leave them alone. But I make it clear that they have to clear up any mess. I’ve never had a(n) _________; in fact, the kitchen was sometimes cleaner than I’d left it.”

She agrees that teenagers can be annoying: enjoying a world that is free of responsibility, yet _________ for independence. She doesn’t think, however, that they are _________ to annoy you. Until recently, scientists assumed that the brain finished growing at about the age of 13 and that teenage problems were a result of rising hormones and a desire for independence. But it turns out that the region of the brain that controls judgement and emotions is not fully __________ until the early twenties.

“This would explain why many teenagers can’t make good decisions, control their emotions, priorities or concentrate on several different things at the same time. __________, they may find it difficult to make the right decision between watching television, ringing a friend, or finishing their homework. It means that they do not __________ do the wrong thing just to annoy their parents,” says Palmano.

The key to __________ for all, Palmano believes, is calm negotiation and compromise (妥协). If you want your teenagers to be home by 11 pm, explain why, but listen to their arguments as well. If it’s Saturday, you might __________ agreeing to midnight (rather than 1 am, which is what they had in mind). If they are up to 20 minutes late, don’t react angrily. __________, ask if they’ve had a problem with public transport and let it pass; they’ve almost managed what you asked.

1.

A．questioned

B．discovered

C．discussed

D．taught

2.

A．behavior

B．responsibility

C．issue

D．procedure

3.

A．continue

B．stop

C．strive

D．hesitate

4.

A．curious

B．ashamed

C．upset

D．unwise

5.

A．mark

B．feeling

C．lack

D．level

6.

A．instruct

B．require

C．forbid

D．trust

7.

A．solution

B．problem

C．opinion

D．voice

8.

A．essential

B．grateful

C．desperate

D．famous

9.

A．affording

B．failing

C．promising

D．trying

10.

A．occupied

B．mature

C．valued

D．fruitful

11.

A．In addition

B．By contrast

C．On balance

D．For example

12.

A．occasionally

B．intentionally

C．universally

D．significantly

13.

A．happiness

B．justice

C．restriction

D．courage

14.

A．consider

B．forget

C．encourage

D．forbid

15.

A．Therefore

B．Otherwise

C．Furthermore

D．Instead

2022-03-19更新 | 494次组卷 | 1卷引用：上海市复兴高级中学2021-2022学年高二下学期3月考试英语试题

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20-21高二下·上海·阶段练习

翻译-整句汉译英 | 较难(0.4) |

courage offend make a/the decision 动名词作宾语一般现在时固定句型 there be句型条件状语从句

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10 . 如果你怕得罪人，那就没有办法杀伐决断，砥砺前行，没有魄力带好一个团队。（courage）(汉译英)

2022-03-11更新 | 144次组卷 | 1卷引用：上海市复旦大学附属中学2020-2021学年高二下学期3月考试英语试题

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