1 . Scientists in Norway have more good news for coffee drinkers. Researchers have already found evidence that the drink -- or the beans can help with weight loss, _______ one’s risk of developing some diseases, _______ muscle growth, protect against certain types of cancers and can even reduce ones risk of _______ death. Now comes word that a cup of coffee reduces physical pain.

The surprising finding is based on study _______ 48 volunteers who agreed to spend 90 minutes performing fake computer tasks meant to mimic office work. The tasks were known to _______ pain in the shoulders, neck, forearms and wrists, and the researchers wanted to _______ how people with pain and those who were pain-free tolerated the pain of such tasks. As a matter of convenience, the scientists allowed people to drink coffee before taking the test “to avoid _______effects of caffeine deprivation, e.g. decreased vigor and alertness, sleepiness, and fatigue,” they reported.

But when it came time to analyze the data, the researchers from Norway’s National Institute of Occupational Health and Oslo University Hospital noticed that the 19 people who drank coffee reported a lower _______ of pain than the 29 people who didn’t. In the shoulders and neck, _______, the average pain intensity was rated 41 (on a 100-point scale) among the coffee drinkers and 55 for non-coffee drinkers. Similar gaps were found for all pain sites measured, and coffee’s apparent pain- reduction effect ________.

However, the authors of the study, which was published this week in the journal BMC Research Notes, cautioned that since the study wasn’t designed to test coffee’s influence on pain, the results came with many ________. For starters, the researchers don’t know how much coffee the coffee drinkers consumed before taking the computer tests. ________ they doubt whether the coffee drinkers and non-coffee drinkers were ________ in all respects except for their coffee consumption. Problems like these tend to ________ the importance of the findings. But those doubts are ________ to trouble the coffee drinkers looking for any reason not to cut back on their daily caffeine habit.

1.

A．rise

B．reduce

C．release

D．suffer

2.

A．shape

B．establish

C．boost

D．preserve

3.

A．accidental

B．sudden

C．premature

D．suspicious

4.

A．qualifying

B．exploring

C．interviewing

D．involving

5.

A．cause

B．endure

C．case

D．cure

6.

A．warn

B．compare

C．relieve

D．treat

7.

A．unpleasant

B．modest

C．unfortunate

D．exhausted

8.

A．tendency

B．intention

C．intensity

D．extension

9.

A．on the contrary

B．as a result

C．for instance

D．in one word

10.

A．turned up

B．broke out

C．gave away

D．took up

11.

A．insecurities

B．uncertainties

C．consequences

D．destructions

12.

A．Moreover

B．However

C．Otherwise

D．Nevertheless

13.

A．contemporary

B．similar

C．temporary

D．initial

14.

A．emphasize

B．attach

C．confirm

D．weaken

15.

A．unlikely

B．sensitive

C．accessible

D．definite

2 . New York City has a housing problem. Currently, it has 1.8 million one-and two-person households, and only one million studios and one-bedroom apartments.     1    

In January, Bloomberg’s office announced the winner of its 2012 competition to design and build a residential tower of micro-units apartments between 250 and 370 square feet-on a city-owned site at East 27 street in Manhattan. According to the Mayor’s press release, the winning proposal, by the Brooklyn-based firm NARCHITECTS, was chosen for its innovative layout and building design, with nearly 10-foot ceilings and Juliet balconies that give residents “substantial light and air.”

    2     For some residents, the potential health risks and crowding challenges might outweigh the benefits of affordable housing. And while the Bloom-berg administration hails the tiny spaces as a “milestone for new housing models,” critics question whether relaxing zoning rules and experimenting with micro-design on public land will effectively address New York’s apartment supply problem in the long run.

“Sure, these micro-apartments maybe fantastic for young professionals in their 20’s,” says Dak Kopec, director of design for human health at Boston Architectural College and author of Environmental Psychology for Design. “    3    ”

Home is supposed to be a safe haven, and a resident with a demanding job may feel trapped in a claustrophobic (导致闭恐惧症的) apartment at night forced to choose between the physical crowding of furniture and belongings in his unit, and social crowding, caused by other resident, in the buildings common spaces. Research. Kopec says, has shown that crowding-related stress can increase rates of domestic violence and substance abuse.

For all of us, daily life is a sequence of events, he explains. But most people don’t like adding extra steps to everyday tasks. Because micro-apartments are too small to hold basic furniture like a bed, a table and a couch at the same time, residents must resent their quarters throughout the day: folding down a Murphy bed (墨菲隐蔽床), or hanging up a dining table on the wall.     4     In this case, residents might eventually stop folding up their furniture every day and the space will start feeling even more constrained.

A．But they definitely can be unhealthy for older people, say, those in their thirties or forties, who face different stress factors that can make tight living conditions a problem.

B．The obvious solution seems to be to develop more small residential units.

C．New Yorkers may actually face more expensive housing, paying the same amount to rent a studio in the neighborhood where they used to be able to afford a one-bedroom.

D．Nobody is claiming that micro-apartments will be a silver bullet.

E．What might seem novel at the beginning ends up including a lot of little inconveniences, just to go to sleep or make breakfast before work.

F．But as New York City “Micro-apartment” project inches closer to reality, experts warn that Micro-living may not be the urban panacea (灵丹妙药) we’ve been waiting for.

3 . Directions: After reading the passage below. fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper for of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

Laughter is a kind of universal body language that’s shared by people of all nationalities, skin colors, cultures and traditions. But did you know that the ability to tell genuine laughter apart from fake laughter also transcends cultures?

Greg Bryant, a professor of communication at the University of California, Los Angeles, US, published a study in Psychological Science in late July     1     result mentioned that people are able to identify real laughter through slight variations in sound.

In the study, 884 people from 21 countries were asked to listen to random recordings of laughter. Some of the recordings were made up of spontaneous laughs, while others were made by people who were asked to laugh     2     the command of the research.

The study showed that people around the world have the ability to pick out real laughter,     3     the variation of their abilities from county to country. Residents of the Samoan Islands, a remote island chain in the central South Pacific, were particularly good at it, correctly     4     (identify) real laughter 56 percent of the time.

According to Bryant, people from     5     (industrialized) nations “are more accurate in identifying a natural smile” because they rely heavily on emotional engagement in order to predict the behavior of     6     and create stronger social relationships.

But how do people from different cultures detect natural laughter so easily? And what traits does real laughter have?

As Professor Jessica Wolf of the University of California, Los Angeles, told the Association for Psychological Science, in real laughter our vocal chords “produce qualities     7     higher pitch and volume, as well as faster bursts of non-articulate sounds and more non-tonal noise”.

By contrast, fake laughter will “sound like speech”. According to ScienceDaily, fake laughter is controlled by the same brain system that controls the lips and tongue.

Bryant further explained that this system has     8     imitative capacity, saying “with this speech system, you     9     make a lot of different noises, including crying, laughter or a shriek of pain. That’s     10     fake laughter comes from.”

So that’s something to think about next time one of your friends laughs at something you said. Will you be able to tell if it’s real or fake?

4 . Homemade Natural Sunscreen

Ingredients

● 1/2 cup olive oil

● 1/4 cup coconut oil with natural SPF (sun protection factor)

● 1/4 cup beeswax

● 2 tablespoons zine oxide (This is a version that won’t be absorbed into the skin. Be careful not to breathe into the powder)

● Optional: up to 1 teaspoon red raspberry seed of

● Optional: up to l teaspoon carrot seed oil

● Optional: up to l teaspoon vitamin E oil

● Optional: essential oils, vanilla extractor other natural extracts to suit your preference

Instructions

Combine ingredients except zine oxide in a larger glass jar. I have a mason jar (see Fig. 1) that I keep just for making lotions and lotion bars, or you can even reuse a glass jar from foods.

Fill a medium saucepan with a couple inches of water and place over medium heat.

Put a lid on the jar loosely and place in the pan with the water.

As the water heats, the ingredients in the jar will start to melt. Shake or stir occasionally to mix. When all ingredients are completely melted, add the zine oxide, stir in well and pour into whatever jar on tin you will use for storage. Small mason jars are great for this. It will not pump well in a lotion pump!

Store in a cool dry place or in the fridge.

Use you use regular sunscreen. Best if used within six months.

Additional Notes:

● Beeswax is for water protection. This sunscreen is somewhat, but not completely, waterproof and will need to be reapplied after sweating or swimming.

● Make sure not to breathe in the zine oxide — use a mask if necessary!

● This recipe has an SPF of about 15, though adding more zine oxide will increase the SPF.

● Add more beeswax to make thicker sunscreen, less to make smooth sunscreen.

● I recommend coco mt or vanilla extract for sweet smell.

● I prefer to store in a small can nig jar and apply like a body butter. It will be thicker, especially if you use coconut oil in the recipe.

● Remove the zine oxide and this makes an excellent lotion recipe!

1. What is the function of Zine oxide, a necessary ingredient when making natural sunscreen?

A．It will be absorbed into the skin.	B．It is added for water protection.
C．It makes the sunscreen’s SPE greater.	D．It makes an excellent lotion recipe.

2. Which of the following statements is not True according to the passage.

A．Among all the optional ingredients, essential oils or natural extracts help add a sweet smell to the sunscreen.

B．It’s not adequate to apply the sunscreen only once if one wants to swim in the pool.

C．Beeswax is to keep the water from losing on one’s skin and make the sunscreen thicker.

D．Zine oxide, which is dangerous to breathe in, should be put before other ingredients because it can be covered.

3. According to the instructions, which of the following is the last step during the making of natural sunscreen?

A．To mix up all ingredients in a jar.	B．To remove the zine oxide.
C．To melt everything except zine oxide.	D．To add zine oxide and stir in well.

5 . 他被指控犯有学术不端行为(misconduct n.)的消息传来，我们都明白诚实的态度再怎么强调也不过分。(word, can’t... too) (汉译英)

6 . Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
最近，对于工作和生活，有人提出996的工作模式（即从早上9点工作到晚上9点，每周工作六天），他们认为年轻人不付出超越别人的努力和时间，就不能够实现自己想要的成功。
你们班将召开班会，对此观点进行讨论。请写一篇发言稿，你的发言稿必须包括以下内容：
1.提出你觉得这个观点中需要进行改进的地方和改进意见
2.阐述你的具体理由

7 . 直到他从瀑布边缘摔下来，他才意识到冒着生命危险摆拍是如此可笑的。(It) (汉译英)

8 . 一项调查表明老人普遍感到比起收到子女物质上的礼物，他们更需要子女的陪伴。(prefer) (汉译英)

9 . 他们打算开个派对来向哈里王子祝贺又一个皇室宝宝的诞生。(intend)(汉译英)

10 . Directions: Read the following three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.

Teachers’ Burnout & Students’ Stress

A new, first-of-its-kind study examines the connection between teacher burnout and students’ stress levels. Researchers from the University of British Columbia collected saliva samples from over 400 elementary school children, grades four to seven, at 17 pubic schools. Cortisol levels were then assessed from the samples as the hormone is commonly used as a biological indicator of stress. Correspondingly, teacher burn out was determined through survey results.

Investigators found that in classrooms in which teachers experienced more burnout, or feelings of emotional exhaustion, students’ cortisol levels were elevated. Higher cortisol levels in elementary school children have been linked to learning difficulties as well as mental health problems. The study appears in the journal Social Science & Medicine. “This suggest that stress contagion might be taking place in the classroom among students and their teachers,” said Eva Oberle. PhD., the study’s lead author.

Indeed, the relationship between student stress and teacher burnout is a chicken and egg question. “It is unknown what came first, elevated cortisol or teacher burnout We consider the connection between student and teacher stress a cyclical problem in the classroom. “Oberle said a stressful classroom climate could be a result of inadequate support for teachers, which may impact teachers’ ability to effectively manage their students. A poorly managed classroom can contribute to students’ needs not being met and increasing stress. This could be reflected in elevated cortisol levels in students.

Alternatively, stress could originate from students, who maybe more challenging to teach because of increases in anxiety, behavioral problems, or special needs. In this case, teachers could feel overwhelmed and report higher levels of burnout.

“Our study is a reminder of the systemic issues facing teachers and educators as classroom sizes increase and supports for teachers are cut,” said Oberle. “It is clear from a number of recent research studies that teaching is one of the most stressful professions, and that teachers need adequate resources and support in their jobs in order to battle burnout and relieve stress in the classroom,” said University of British Columbia education professor Kimberly Schonert Reichl, PhD., the study’s so-author. “If we do not support teachers, we risk the damage of students.”

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