1 . The growing presence of space debris (碎片) in low Earth orbit (LEO)poses a significant threat to satellites and other orbiting assets. Consequently, the concern about destructive collisions (碰撞) and the potential for debris reentry to Earth’s atmosphere has intensified. Researchers are turning to artificial intelligence (AI) techniques to address these challenges to enhance debris removal, collision prediction, and orbit management strategies.

One approach described in a paper presented at the 2nd near-Earth object (NEO) and Debris Detection Conference earlier this year, involves using a “genetic” algorithm (算法) to monitor the motion of space debris. Researchers aim to improve the capture and removal processes by focusing on slower-moving objects. Additionally, neural networks are being developed to predict and reduce collisions in LEO. These networks are trained on historical data to identify space debris Motion patterns and predict future paths, enabling effective collision-avoidance movements for active space missions and orbiting satellites.

Historical statistics and predictive modeling have shown that the risk of such collisions is significantly higher in LEO compared to medium Earth orbit (MEO). However, it is crucial to acknowledge the limitations of AI-based approaches, as they assume that future conditions are similar to present ones, potentially ignoring critical variables such as atmospheric density.

To address these limitations, constantly adding real-time information and updating is essential for improving the adaptability of AI models. By incorporating new debris detections and orbital changes, algorithms can better adapt to the ever-changing spatial environment. Balancing the use of AI with a comprehensive understanding of the uncertainties and challenges in space debris management will be vital for ensuring the long-term sustainability of LEO.

Overall, integrating AI into space debris monitoring, removal, and collision avoidance strategies holds promise for safeguarding satellite operations and maintaining the charming beauty of photos from LEO. However, it is essential to remain cautious of these technologies’ limitations and unknowns and continually improve and update them with real-world data to enhance their effectiveness.

1. What is one of the concerns regarding space debris in LEO?

A．The cost of debris removal.	B．The effect on space exploration.
C．The risk of disastrous collisions.	D．The damage to the space environment.

2. How can neural networks help with space debris management?

A．By creating predictive models.	B．By employing genetic algorithms.
C．By monitoring fast-moving objects.	D．By speeding up the capture process.

3. What is crucial for dealing with the limitations of AI-based approaches?

A．Regularly testing its adaptability.

B．Continuously integrating live data.

C．Studying past and present space conditions.

D．Reducing uncertainties in debris management.

4. What is the author’s general attitude toward Al-based approaches?

A．Resistant.

B．Skeptical.

C．Dismissive.

D．Favorable.

2 . The Best Exhibitions in 2024: North America

Ed Ruscha: Now Then

Museum of Modern Art, New York

September 10, 2024 to January 13, 2025

Ed Ruscha’s use of language as an artistic tool changed the face of post-war art! The exhibition will track the full length of Ruscha’s career over 65 years, without narrowly defining him. Mirroring his own cross-disciplinary (跨界的) approach, it will feature over 250 works showing him as painter, bookmaker, filmmaker, and photographer.

Marisol Escobar: A Retrospective

Montreal Museum of Fine Arts

October 7, 2024 to January 21, 2025

Marisol Escobar is best known for carved wooden sculptures that she decorated with drawings, fabric and found objects. Some critics characterized her as a folk artist. The show will feature all Marisol’s classical works, as well as source materials, studies and personal photographs to illustrate her working methods and life.

Homage to Carla Stellweg: Cultivate

Museo Tamayo, Mexico City

Through August 6, 2024

Carla Stellweg has played a vital part in the development of a connection between Mexican art and the international art world. She co-founded Mexico’s first contemporary art magazine, which became a vital platform connecting Latin American artists. This exhibition brings together archival materials and the work of artists she’s cooperated with, and centers her as a crucial agent in Latin American contemporary art.

William Blake: Visionary

The Getty Center, Los Angeles

October 17, 2024 to January 14, 2025

William Blake was a boundary-breaking English poet, painter and printmaker. By combining his poetry and imagery on the page through unique technique, he created some of the most striking imagery in British art and has since inspired countless artists including Walt Whitman and Jimi Hendrix. This exhibition will explore the artist-poet’s imaginative world through his most celebrated works.

1. Which of the following would you visit if you are fond of folk art?

A．Museo Tamayo.	B．The Getty Center.
C．Museum of Modern Art.	D．Montreal Museum of Fine Arts.

2. Who has served as a link between Mexican art and international art?

A．Ed Ruscha.	B．Carla Stellweg.
C．William Blake.	D．Marisol Escobar.

3. What do Ed Ruscha: Now Then and William Blake: Visionary have in common?

A．They will show cross-boundary art.

B．They will feature post-war artworks.

C．They will focus on the artist’s long career.

D．They will present the artist’s source materials.

3 . Psychologists have long been interested in what sets successful people apart from the rest of us. After years of research, key characteristics shared by all Super Successful People(SSPs)are identified as follows.

    1     SSPs are very enthusiastic about their work and they love what they do. The enthusiasm drives people to achieve their goals and reach new levels of success.

They are driven by a sense of purpose. SSPs know what they want and they have a strong sense of purpose that drives them forward. Whether the goal is making a difference in the world or providing for their family, they are motivated by something deeper than just money or fame. They have the ability to control their thoughts, emotions, and actions.     2    

They are resilient (有复原力的). SSPs are known for their resilience in the face of adversity. Whether they encounter a setback in their personal lives or professional careers, they always find a way to get back on their feet and keep going.     3     They know that these are just part of the journey to success and they don’t let them get in the way of their goals.

They are disciplined. SSPs always exhibit a high degree of self-control and willpower in everything they do.     4     Whether it’s waking up early, eating healthily or never putting today’s work until tomorrow, they always take the necessary steps to achieve their goals.

SSPs are also highly adaptable.     5     They are able to stay on top of changes in their industry and keep up with new trends and developments.

A．They are passionate.

B．They are far-sighted.

C．Discipline is the bridge between goals and accomplishments.

D．This indicates they are able to bounce back from problems and failures.

E．They are extremely disciplined in their work habits and personal routines.

F．They are mentally tough and focused on their goals no matter what happens.

G．It means they are capable of making adjustments for changes and remain flexible.

4 . 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
1. Which season is called “the holiday season”?

A．Spring.

B．Winter.

C．Summer.

2. When is Christmas on the Eastern Christian calendar?

A．January 7.

B．January 1.

C．December 25.

3. How do people celebrate Christmas?

A．By eating at fast food restaurants.

B．By uniting with their families.

C．By singing songs at home.

4. Where do people place Christmas trees?

A．On the Street.

B．In the church.

C．On public squares

5 . I was a teenager when it first happened. It was the early hours of the morning, still some hours before I had to get out of bed for school. I woke up and tried to turn over in bed, but my body wouldn’t let me — I was unable to move, from head to toe.

Although my brain was conscious, my muscles were still asleep. My bedroom felt hot and restrictive, as if the walls were closing in, and I felt wrapped and panicked. Finally, after about 15 seconds, the paralysis lifted. Later, I found a name for what had happened to me: sleep paralysis (睡眠瘫痪症). It’s a surprisingly common condition in which part of our brain wakes up while our body remains temporarily frozen.

At night, our body cycles through four stages of sleep. The final stage is called rapid eye movement sleep, or REM, a unique phase of sleep when we dream. During REM, our brain paralyzes our muscles, probably to stop us physically acting out our dreams and hurting ourselves.

Although scientists aren’t still sure why the sensory part of our brain emerges from REM ahead of time, which makes us feel awake, doctors say paralysis is more likely to occur when we fail to follow our normal sleep pattern. Some sufferers also find that it happens to them more often when they are sleeping on their backs, though the explanation for this is unclear.

After that initial scary incident, it went on to become a frequent occurrence in my life, with an episode taking place every two or three nights. The more it happened, the less frightening it became for me until it eventually became little more than an inconvenience.

But sleep paralysis can be far more life-affecting. The condition would come with extremely frightening hallucinations, which are also normally the most dramatic and unforgettable episodes of their sleep paralysis. People hallucinate strange species, devils, ghosts, and even threatening aliens.

1. How did the author feel when sleep paralysis occurred?

A．Weak and tired.	B．Scared and trapped.
C．Dizzy and restricted.	D．Angry and impatient.

2. Why does the brain probably paralyze our muscles during REM?

A．To promote relaxation.	B．To boost blood circulation.
C．To enhance muscle strength.	D．To prevent physical injuries.

3. What does the underlined word “hallucinations” in Paragraph 7 refer to?

A．Visions of something unreal.	B．Scenes of terrible accidents.
C．Pictures of everyday objects.	D．Memories of daily experiences.

4. Which aspect of sleep paralysis will most likely be covered in the following paragraph?

A．Its health benefits.	B．Its possible causes.
C．Its effective prevention.	D．Its common symptoms.

6 . 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
1. What problem does the man have?

A．Obesity.

B．Knee injury.

C．High blood pressure.

2. What activity is helpful to the man’s problem?

A．Jumping rope.

B．Fast running.

C．Walking after meals.

3. What can the man have for dinner?

A．Sausage and eggs.

B．Beans and fish.

C．Takeout food.

7 . 阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

In 2016, something quite extraordinary happened. The giant panda,     1     had for more than fifty years been the best-known icon of the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF),     2     international wild life protection organization, was taken off the endangered species list. While the giant panda is not quite out of the woods yet — it is still listed as a vulnerable species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), its removal from the     3     (endanger) list is a rare and welcome victory in the fight     4     (save) wildlife. Apart from breakthroughs in scientific research, one of the main     5     (factor) in this victory was the expansion of the protected areas for the giant panda’s habitat. There are now 67 giant panda reserves in China, most of them in Sichuan,     6     these allow pandas to live and breed undisturbed by humans.

There is still much work to be done to preserve and protect the panda and its habitat. However, the progress that     7     (make) in the last fifty years has changed the panda from a symbol of animals near extinction     8     a symbol of hope for all animal species worldwide.     9     is no doubt that through the continued efforts of scientists and researchers, the panda will see an even     10     (great) recovery in the next fifty years.

8 . 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
1. What is wrong with the leaflets?

A．They were not beautifully designed.

B．They contained many spelling mistakes.

C．They failed to include contact information.

2. Where does the conversation take place?

A．In the woman’s store.

B．In the man’s studio.

C．At the woman’s home.

3. What does the woman sell?

A．Pets.

B．Plants.

C．Furniture.

4. How does the woman sound at the end of the conversation?

A．Fairly satisfied.

B．Slightly annoyed.

C．Extremely astonished.

9 . 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
1. When are the students supposed to arrive at the classroom on Monday?

A．8:25 am.

B．8:30 am.

C．8:35 am.

2. What does Professor White dislike most?

A．Failing the tests.

B．Being late for class.

C．Copying others’ work.

3. How much does the final test account for in the final score?

A．20%.

B．40%.

C．60%.

4. What does the speaker mainly talk about?

A．Course contents of Biology 101.

B．A brief introduction of Professor White.

C．Schedule and requirements of the course.

10 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Cheng Yuyan never expected that the interest group “We Love Strolling in the Park”,     1     she casually created four years ago on Douban, a Chinese social media platform, would now approach 100,000 members.

According to     2     225-year-old from Shanghai, establishing this group was just a spur-of-the-moment decision,     3     she didn’t invest much time in managing it afterwards. However, park enthusiasts from all over China and even overseas have spontaneously made     4     their gathering community. People share park experiences, post photos     5    (take)in parks, and offer recommendations and reviews about parks.

Within this group, there is a tag called”20 minutes for parks”, which     6    (come) from a theory originating from the International Journal of Environmental Health Research. According to the theory,     7    (spend)20 minutes in a park daily helps to reduce stress, regardless of     8     people exercise in it or simply take a walk.

Huang Bingbing, living in Shenzhen, Guangdong province, is an enthusiastic     9    (support) of this idea. “On that patch of grass, I could connect with living plants and animals, allowing me to refresh my mind and heal     10     the stresses of the workplace,” Huang said.