1 . In today’s digital era, social media users are increasingly coming across fake news online. This leads to the pressing issue: What causes people to fall for misinformation on the Internet?
According to researchers at the Penn State College of Information Sciences and Technology, users can easily fall into an echo chamber (回声室)—a sort of virtual space where users consume only one-sided news, eventually distrusting any opposing views. “We all tend to agree with the group opinion. Hence, people naturally get together with others who hold the same opinion,” said Dongwon Lee, one of the researchers. “But if you’re not cautious, there is a high risk of falling into an echo chamber.”
To prevent this phenomenon, the researchers have crafted a novel tool, a game named ChamberBreaker, to help players resist echo chambers and reduce the rate of fake news spread. The fundamental approach employed by ChamberBreaker centers around a decision-making procedure that mirrors the creation of echo chambers. In ChamberBreaker, a player is tasked with trying to have community members fall into an echo chamber. To begin, the player is randomly assigned a situation that focuses on a health, political or environmental issue, and is presented with six pieces of news on that topic. Then, the player selects news that could cause the other members to fall into an echo chamber while at the same time maintaining their trust. If successful, the community members will fall into an echo chamber and the player will witness the resulting negative effects on the community.
After developing ChamberBreaker, researchers tested it with over 800 subjects to see if it raised awareness of echo chambers and changed news consumption behaviors. The researchers found that those who played ChamberBreaker were significantly more likely to state their intention to observe online information from more diverse perspectives and showed an increased awareness of the echo chamber phenomenon.
Ultimately, the researchers hope that their methodology can excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study related to information consumption. The application of tools like ChamberBreaker, which focuses on fostering analytical reasoning, may lead us towards a more informed online community.
1. What can be learned about an online echo chamber?| A．It encourages well-judged views. |
| B．It gathers like-minded individuals. |
| C．It functions as a virtual reality platform. |
| D．It serves as a tool for identifying fake information. |
| A．Assignment of situations. | B．Trust-building exercises. |
| C．News selection strategy. | D．Community impact assessment. |
| A．The results of scientific testing. |
| B．The theoretical framework of the game. |
| C．The description of the game procedures. |
| D．The common challenges faced during gameplay. |
| A．Reducing news inquiry. | B．Encouraging passive reading. |
| C．Strengthening prejudiced views. | D．Enhancing critical thinking. |
3 . 下次当你花太多时间在网上的时候，你应该意识到这是一个坏的行为(the next time, behavior)。(汉译英)
4 . 正是在嘉兴，这些出席会议的人欣赏到了令人惊叹的风景(强调句，present，amaze)。(汉译英)
1. 提出你的建议；
2. 说明原因。
注意：
1. 词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应区域答题；
3. 开头结尾已经给出，不计入总数。
参考词汇： school dormitories 学校宿舍；off-campus apartments 校外公寓
Dear Harry,
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Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
6 . Imagine that you’ve got a deadline approaching. But other smaller jobs keep getting in the way.
First, determine what the task is. Make sure you understand what’s expected of you and how much work is required. Depending on the type of the job, you need to create a clear road map of what needs to be done.
Next, check that you have the right resources. Before you start, ask yourself if you have the training, support, people, and equipment needed to complete the work on time.
Leave room for error. Things don’t always go to plan. Staff absences, supply delays or competing responsibilities are common challenges.
Finally, even the best-made plans can fall short. So if you do miss a deadline, try to limit the damage. Consider how you can avoid it happening again.
| A．Be honest with your boss. |
| B．If the answer is “no,” speak up. |
| C．Now, it’s time to create a schedule. |
| D．Fourth, persuade your boss to change the plan. |
| E．If you fail to repair the damage, quit the job directly. |
| F．The closer the deadline gets, the more impossible it all feels. |
| G．Consider what replaceable plans you might need to overcome them. |
1. Why is the speaker making a speech?
| A．She is retiring. | B．She has won a prize. | C．She will set up her business. |
| A．For 12 years. | B．For 18 years. | C．For 25 years. |
| A．Grateful. | B．Indifferent. | C．Hateful |
8 . Imagine this: You walk into a place and the atmosphere is light and airy. The subtle scent of coffee beans fills the air and everyone that approaches you is friendly and welcoming. You’re comfortable and feel like you belong. As in most cities, it’s a place where people meet, discuss ideas, and conduct business. After taking a few sips of that Caramel Macchiato, you immediately get that feeling of energy and optimism. Perhaps it’s partly due to the caffeine and sugar rush, or maybe it’s that the presence of a Starbucks typically indicates a city on the rise.
In December of 2017, Trenton’s first Starbuck’s café was opened to the public at 102 Warren Street. Walking in, people living in Trenton scream at everything about this café, from the diverse but local stuff to the Trenton themed décor (室内装饰) and art. To make things better, this Starbucks also serves as an “opportunity café” which essentially means the young people in our communities are recruited and offered job training and employment. This program not only uplifts our youth, but also increases the amount of minority business in the city.
In the interviews with customers, a trend in responses arose. To many, the Starbucks was a “favorite place to stop in after work” and provided “a very relaxing environment.” The staff were often highly praised, noted as being friendly, helpful, and working in harmony. The interior décor of the café struck a lot of people’s attention, given the familiarity of the atmosphere. Painted on the walls, all around the store, are murals (壁画) with bright, colorful, graffiti-like designs very sui generis in Trenton, showcasing local monuments like the State House and the famous “Trenton Makes” bridge.
This new Starbucks brings a sense of modernity to Downtown Trenton and reminds us that our city is always developing. Open from 6 a. m. until 7 p.m. every day, the building is hardly ever empty. This space is made for everyone in Trenton, even the non-coffee lovers.
1. What is the major function of Paragraph 1 in the passage?| A．To present an introduction to the topic. |
| B．To set a background for the main theme. |
| C．To summarize the main idea of the passage. |
| D．To describe a common phenomenon for the readers. |
| A．People are amazed at the number of job opportunities provided by the Starbucks. |
| B．“Opportunity café” program helps achieve booming economy and bring spiritual benefits. |
| C．Most respondents regarded the Starbucks as a harmonious and entertaining workplace. |
| D．Numerous people are attracted to stop in after work by the murals with original designs. |
| A．Substantial. | B．Delicate. | C．Inspirational. | D．Unique. |
| A．Starbucks Is Designed for Everyone |
| B．Starbucks Gains Popularity in Trenton |
| C．Starbucks Sets an Atmosphere of Progress |
| D．Starbucks Creates More Job Opportunities |
I was the last boy in the Boy Scout (童子军) troop to get his uniform and the last boy to pay his go to the Big Camp Jamboree. When we arrived, we were the only black troop there. One of the first things to do there was the swimming test. The test was to see how long we could tread (踩) water, and it determined whether you could take out a canoe or swim alone.
None of the boys in my troop could swim, so I was the only black kid in the whole camp who took the test. I trod water. And I watched the lifeguard point to different boys and say, “You can get out. You can get out. You can get out.”
I made a move to get out. He said, “No, no, no. You stay.” A fer a long time, he finally said to me, “You can get out.” And I got a swimmer tag for it, which made me excited.
It didn’t quite work out the way I thought, though. Every time I showed up to take out a boat or get in the swimming pool, I got yelled at. “Hey, stop! Let me see your swimmer tag!”
One of the final activities at the camp was the mile swim. I was the only black Boy Scout qualified to try out for it. Each one of us, about ten in a group, had to swim beside a boat. If at any point you needed to give up, you got inside the boat.
We started in. Three laps around this big lake equaled one mile. As soon as we finished the first lap, half the boys had given up and gotten in the boat. On the second lap, the boys who had already given up yelled at me from the boat, “Come on! You don’t need to do this. Give up! Come on, get in the boat!”
注意:
1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置做答。
Paragraph 1:
On the third lap, I started to get dizzy and had so little energy left.
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Paragraph 2:
I was the only black Boy Scout who completed the mile swim at that camp.
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10 . All seven people have been rescued from a stricken cable car high above a remote Pakistan valley, a spokesman for the state-run emergency services said.
Pakistani authorities said army commandos (突击队), with the help of civilians, made the final rescues after an operation lasting hours. Floodlights were installed and a ground-based operation reached the remaining two people late on Tuesday more than 12 hours after their cable car was damaged, leaving it hanging unsteadily at an angle.
A helicopter had earlier plucked two children to safety before darkness. High winds meant the air rescue had to be called off. Rescuers used the cable keeping the cable car from plunging (突然向下冲) into the valley as a zip line to rescue three more children. Relatives of those trapped prayed while watching the operation and anxious crowds gathered on both sides of the valley, which is in a mountainous area of Battagram, about 125 miles (200km) north of Islamabad.
Several military helicopters had earlier in the day flown sorties and an airman was lowered by a set of bands to deliver food, water and medicine. Commandos could be seen on local TV trying to lower themselves on ropes from the helicopters to the cable car. An expert confirmed that the rescue was delicate because the wind created by the helicopters’ blades could further weaken cables holding the car up in the sky.
The children trapped were teenage boys studying at the government high school. The school is located in a mountainous area and there are no safe crossings, so it’s common to use the chairlift. People who live in the northern mountainous regions of Pakistan often use chairlifts for transport from one village to another. In 2017, 10 people were killed when a chairlift cable broke sending passengers plunging into a valley in a mountain hamlet near the capital, Islamabad.
1. How many people were saved 12 hours after cable car was trapped?| A．Two. | B．Three. | C．Seven. | D．Five. |
| A．By cable car. | B．By helicopter. | C．By floodlights. | D．By a zip line. |
| A．The weather condition was tough with heavy rain. |
| B．The cable was left hanging at a dangerous angle. |
| C．The air rescue staff were incompetent. |
| D．The wind created by the helicopters’ blades is strong. |
| A．To inform the underlying accident. | B．To provide background information. |
| C．To indicate the following settlement. | D．To public the rescuing result. |
