1 . Borders, departments, or issue areas all represent what systems analysts call system boundaries. System boundaries divide the big, messy, interconnected world into smaller subsystems. This is useful, even necessary. Our minds and our collective governance systems would be stuck if we had to always consider all the connections of everything to everything else. But dividing systems into subsystems can sometimes break a natural cooperativity. For instance, a decarbonizing country will spend money in its energy and transportation sectors and save money in its health system.

Decarbonization could be a win for the whole, but it might be experienced as a bother for particular subsystems.

Donella Meadows, the early systems modeler, wrote that system boundaries are “lines in the mind, not in the world.” And that is actually good news. If departments, and disciplines are just ideas, then there is nothing immovable about them. We can make these borders less obvious and conduct partnerships across them. We can even redraw them to include more of what matters in a single project or investment. That’s the premise of multisolving — using one investment of time or effort to achieve several goals at once.

For instance, Warm Up New Zealand (WUNZ) upgraded the energy efficiency of residential buildings and provided jobs in the building sector after a financial downturn. The project resulted in better health for residents, as well. That translated into health systems savings. Taken together, a 2011 study estimated that across all these benefits, the project saved $3.90 for every $1 invested.

Multisolving seems possible everywhere and like an obvious choice. Yet, it is very much the exception, not the rule. Why is multisolving still so rare when it has the power to boost progress on some of the most urgent issues we face?

Unfamiliarity stands in the way, as does an often-unexamined assumption that making issues smaller makes them easier to address. We often hear the viewpoint, “I already work on poverty (or climate, etc.) and that’s hard enough. Why should I add biodiversity or pollution to the mix?” Fundraising for crossing borders can be a struggle too. Funders want the “visible results” shown, but they don’t always see crossing borders as an essential part of achieving those results.

It is easy to devalue and underemphasize connection-building. After all, it can be delicate and not always visible. But to realize goals in today’s world, from equitable policies and low-carbon facilities to values like cooperation and fairness, we do need deep shifts, and we need them soon. And facilitating the flow of ideas back and forth across borders is one way to speed change.

1. As for systems boundaries, the author is ______.

A．critical

B．puzzled

C．supportive

D．unconcerned

2. What does the word “premise” underlined in Paragraph 2 probably mean?

A．Prediction.

B．Precondition.

C．Prevention.

D．Presentation.

3. What can we learn from the passage?

A．People are familiar with multisolving.

B．WUNZ performed multisolving successfully.

C．Raising money helps to produce visible results.

D．Multisolving is widely used to address problems.

4. Which would be the best title for the passage?

A．Multisolving: Hard to achieve soon

B．Multisolving: Essential to solve small issues

C．Multisolving: Conducting partnership across borders

D．Multisolving: Making systems whole, healthy, and sustainable

2 .

If you have ever seen a snowflake design on jewelry or a bag, chances are it was based on one of Wilson Bentley’s more than 5,000 photomicrographs of snow crystals (晶体).

At first, though, Bentley did not have any way to share his enjoyment of the delicate hexagons (六边形) other than to draw them. He spent hours outside or inside his unheated storeroom with a microscope. He would pick up a snow crystal and transfer it to a microscope slide. There, he flattened it with a bird feather. Then, holding his breath, he observed the crystal and hurried to draw what he saw before it turned forever into thin air.

A few years later, Bentley began his pursuit to photograph a snow crystal. He attached a microscope to a camera. Time after time, his negatives appeared blank. The following winter, he finally figured out that too much light was reaching the camera. His solution was to place a metal plate with a tiny hole in the center beneath the stage of the microscope. It cut down the stray (杂散的) light and allowed only the light waves carrying the image to reach the camera.

On January 15, 1885, at the age of 19, Bentley finally photographed a snowflake! He spent many hours over the next 45 years in his tiny darkroom developing negatives.

Bentley lived his entire life on his childhood farm. He farmed for a living. To his friends and family, he was kind, gentle, and funny “Willie”. But to scientists, he was the untrained researcher who became a snow crystal pioneer. He wrote for science journals. He not only photographed snow crystals but also became an authority on dew (露水) and frost. He kept a detailed daily log of local weather conditions throughout his life. He developed a method to measure the size of raindrops too.

Bentley never made more than a few thousand dollars from his work. It had been a labor of love, and he was satisfied to be able to share the beauty of his snow crystals with the world. And today, he is remembered as Snowflake Bentley.

1. Why did Bentley draw the snow crystals?

A．To design products.	B．To become an artist.
C．To share his pleasure.	D．To research the weather.

2. To photograph a snow crystal, Bentley _______.

A．improved the microscope	B．changed the negatives
C．turned down the light	D．invented a camera

3. What do we know about Bentley?

A．He lived a successful but boring life.	B．He was laughed at for lack of training.
C．He earned a lot of money from his photos.	D．He was not only an artist but also a scientist.

4. What can we learn from this passage?

A．Practice makes perfect.	B．Intelligence is the key to success.
C．Love and devotion makes a person.	D．Chances are for those who are prepared.

4 . 根据句意，用所给单词或者词组的适当形式填空，请将正确形式完整地写在答题卡相应题号后的横线上。

pay off   benefit   sign up   responsible   behaviour   unfortunately   character   specific   organize

1. After-school group activities will be ________ by our teachers to help children develop team spirit.
2. In my opinion, swimming is a kind of exercise which could bring lots of ________to our health.
3. As senior secondary students, we need to learn to work independently and be ________ for the decisions we make.
4. In the 19th Asian Games, the Chinese women’s basketball team won the champion and all their hard work ________.
5. Some parties are held for a ________ formal purpose, like a graduation party or a wedding.
6. Last Sunday, Jennifer and her friends paid a visit to the Great Wall, but, ________, they ran into a heavy snow along the way back.
7. In order to create a good public environment, I think all of us should mind our ________ in public places.
8. Some typical images of Chinese paper cuts are flowers, birds and Chinese ________.
9. Professor White suggested that students should ________ for traditional culture classes at school.

6 . Is your teen time really that different from that of your parents or grandparents?

Weak. Easy to be angry. Addicted to their phones. Are these what come to mind when we think of the teens of this generation (一代人)? While there may be a little of truth to this thought, there might be more to the teens of this generation than what is generally seen.

Never before have the lives of any generation been as connected with mobile technology and social media as the teens of this generation. It follows then that there will be some problems resulting from this new age of technology. The popular use of social media has led to a world in which teens are responsible to join. Compared to the parents or grandparents who were likely less connected, these teens are “busy” in their social circles. It is no wonder then that the health of this generation’s teens has been damaged.

Moreover, the teens today are more independent. This is quite different from the more village spirit or community thought of the parents’ and grandparents’ times. Gone is the relationship among neighbours who are friendly with one another and quick to offer a helping hand when they see another in need. In its place, we have teens who may not even know who lives in the unit next to theirs, much less offer a friendly nod or wave when they happen to cross streets with a neighbour.

Yet, the influences of technology on the teens of this generation are not all bad. The very connectedness that social media brings about has led to an opening of minds and a development of dialogue among people of various cultures and backgrounds. Using social media means that one can know those people and their different ways of life. The parents or grandparents of this generation probably did not have the same chance to get to know people outside of their social circles at their age, so they may have fixed ideas of people different from them. The teens of this generation, on the other hand, has the chance to use this technology to learn more about and try to understand the various things out there. As a result, this might be why the teens of this generation are generally more open-minded than their parents and grandparents.

All in all, the teens of this generation are different in many ways from their elders. Every generation is a product of the events of their time and this generation therefore is different from past generations, with the changes around them at the same time.

1. Which statement is correct according to the passage?

A．Most old people may not know their next-door neighbors.

B．People usually think the new generation is stronger and calmer.

C．Social media and technology may bring some influences to teens.

D．The new generation may have fixed ideas of people different from them.

2. What does the underlined word “damaged” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean?

A．Broken.	B．Relieved.
C．Increased.	D．Developed.

3. According to the writer, which of the following words can best describe the new generation?

A．Brave and smart.

B．Open and independent.

C．Friendly and confident.

D．Responsible and patient.

4. What can we learn from Paragraph 5?

A．The new generation is better because of their age.

B．Technology has bad influences on the old generation.

C．People use social media to learn different people.

D．The use of social media brings some benefits to the new generation.

5. Which would be the best title (标题) for this passage?

A．How Does the New Generation Change the Culture?

B．How Are Teens Today Different from Past Generations?

C．What Are the Weaknesses of the Old and New Generation?

D．What Are the Influences of Technology on the New Generation?

7 . Li Jing, 29, is a native of Cuijiaba, a small town in Hubei Province. She was one of the first people from her community to go for higher education. After graduation, she worked in Wuhan first, and then she changed her decision last year to return to her village.

“I want to be a part of my hometown’s development and bring about real changes to our villagers while realizing my own personal value,” Li said.

After returning to her hometown, Li received strong support from her family, while there were some villagers who questioned her decision. She decided to show her love to the hometown through action.

Her job included a great deal of communication with the villagers mainly to increase potato production. “We regularly hold meetings in the village square, where we share ideas on potato planting skills, selling methods, market changes and more,” Li said.

To increase sales outside the village, the young workforce in the village chose to go into the world of livestreaming(直播). This new marketing method has produced satisfying results. Together with other methods like doing online business on websites and apps, the money that a family can get from potato sales in a year has risen sharply from 1,000 yuan to the present number of 20,000 yuan, according to Li.

However, the road to success is not always easy. “At first, some people were not willing to accept the new ideas,” Li said. But Li didn’t force them. Instead, she chose to communicate with effort. Li and her workmates would also search online for other villages’ success stories about the application of livestreaming, and shared them with villagers. She knew communications took a lot of time and energy, but she believed it’s all worth it. Li said, “True smiles on the faces of the villagers are the best gifts for me.”

In the near future, Li hopes to continue helping her villagers raise their potato production and earn more money. Her long-term goal is to help rural areas further develop and integrate(结合) with the city. She said hopefully, “We will continually find ways to bring happiness to the villagers and the long-term development to the countryside.”

1. Li Jing returned to her hometown mainly to ________.

A．work in the government

B．bring great changes to her family

C．realize her dream of being a farmer

D．contribute to the local development

2. When questioned by some villagers, Li Jing ________.

A．turned to her family for help

B．defended herself at meetings

C．took action to help the villagers

D．immediately went back to cities

3. Li and the villagers increased the potato sales mainly by ________.

A．putting up ads on TVs

B．taking up livestreaming

C．producing satisfying results

D．communicating with other villagers

4. What does Li think of the future plan in the rural areas?

A．Promising.

B．Doubtful.

C．Challenging.

D．Fearful.

5. What can we learn from the passage?

A．All good things come to an end.

B．Where there is a will, there is a way.

C．You cannot eat your cake and have it.

D．A single flower does not make a spring.

8 . In the past, working people in Britain only had holidays on “holy” (与宗教有关的) days such as Sundays and Christmas. Now most people have about four weeks’ holiday every year and public holidays which are also called “bank holidays”.

When?

British people usually have their holidays in summer. Many working people take a two-week holiday in July or August. School children are on holiday from the end of July to the start of September. A second holiday break in winter or in spring is also becoming more popular in the UK.

Where?

The most popular holiday places for British include Spain, France and the USA. Lots of people buy a kind of service which includes flights and a hotel or an apartment. Cheap flights to go abroad mean that many British people are able to spend two weeks a year holidaying abroad. Flights are much cheaper during school term time and the British government is worried that some young people are missing school to go on holiday. Parents who take their children on holiday during term time now have to pay a fine.

Things to See

British people also like to go on holiday in the UK. What can young British people do on a UK holiday? Here are a few examples. Alton Towers is one of the top UK parks. It is famous for its scaring rides and is very popular with teenagers. The Eden Project is an environmental project in the south-west of England, where you can see plants from all around the world.

Independent Holidays

Some teenagers want to spend their holidays doing something without their family. A language exchange (交换) is one way to be more independent and learn more language skills. A British teenager spends a week or two in a foreign country, staying with a family who has a son or daughter of the same age, and practising the local language. Later the foreign teenager visits the UK to practise English with the British family.

1. When are British people likely to go on holiday?

A．In spring.

B．In summer.

C．In autumn.

D．In winter.

2. According to the passage, the British government is afraid that ________.

A．students pay a fine for the holiday

B．people buy cheap flights to other countries

C．people spend two weeks holidaying abroad

D．students have holidays instead of going to school

3. Which of the following is the benefit of independent holidays?

A．Teenagers can get better at language skills.

B．People can see plants from all over the world.

C．People can take part in environmental projects.

D．Teenagers can enjoy scaring rides independently.

4. All of the following information is mentioned in the passage EXCEPT ________.

A．the time of British having holidays

B．popular places of interest in the UK

C．people’s favorite hotels or apartments

D．teenagers’ special independent holidays

5. The passage is written to ________.

A．help people buy cheap flights to go abroad

B．tell the way to become independent teenagers

C．call on people to have their holidays in the UK

D．offer information about British people’s holidays

9 . 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。

According to a new study, the leading cause of death of birds near power lines is not electrocution (触电), but unlawful shooting. “We need to know how birds are dying so that we can come up     1     some ways to reduce their deaths,” said Thomason, leader of the research team. Between 2019 and 2022, they     2     (find) 410 dead birds and 66% were killed by guns. “It is really difficult     3     (know) what’s going on. Sometimes people shoot birds for fun. Sometimes they do this just to protect their animals on the farm. Anyway, unlawful shooting should be prevented,” said Thomason.

10 . 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。

Huang Yuting, a 17-year-old girl from Zhejiang Province, won three gold medals in shooting(射击) at the Asian Games in Hangzhou. “I feel     1     (excite) about the result because the effort is worth it!” Huang said in an interview. When she was 10, she     2     (select) to be a member of the shooting team in a local children sports school. In 2020, she joined Zhejiang Provincial Shooting Team and earned her place by training hard. “This is a sport in which I fight against myself. I will always work hard and try     3     (I) best!” Huang said.