1 . Have you ever been in a bathroom, dressing room or another private area with a mirror and had that feeling that someone is watching you? You can check to see if a mirror is transparent by observing how it is installed and using a few simple techniques to determine if there’s a wall behind it.     1    

Check out the lighting. For a two-way mirror to be effective, the light on the mirrored side needs to be 10 times brighter than the light on the other side. If the lighting is dimmer, it’s possible to see through the glass to the observation area. Look around and determine whether the lighting seems extraordinarily bright.     2    

    3    Press your face up to the mirror and cup your hands around it, creating a dark tunnel to block out as much light as possible. When you do this, if the light in the observation room is at all brighter than the light on your side of the mirror, you should be able to see something through the glass.

Sound it out. The sound of tapping a two-way mirror has also been described as bright or sharp as opposed to a thud (砰的一声) from an everyday mirror. Tap on the surface of the mirror with your knuckle (指节).     4    An observation mirror will produce an open, hollow and echoing sound because there is an open space on the other side.

    5    Then hold a flashlight to the mirror (it can be the “flashlight” on your smartphone). If it is a two-way mirror, the room on the other side will be illuminated and you’ll be able to see it.

A．Turn off the lights.

B．Try to look through the glass.

C．Observe how the mirror is installed.

D．If so, you might be looking at a two-way mirror.

E．There are some accurate ways to tell if a mirror is two-way or not.

F．A normal mirror will produce a dull, flat sound, since it’s placed in front of a wall.

G．People standing on the other side of the wall can observe someone looking in the mirror.

2 . People with social anxiety disorder often have trouble feeling confident when communicating with others. However, you can build up your confidence by making sure that your body language sends a positive message about yourself. Even if you don’t feel confident, practising confident body language can make you feel better about yourself.     1    

    2     Look confident by keeping eye contact in social activities. Good eye contact shows others that you are interested and comfortable. Look into the other person’s eyes most of the time. If direct eye contact feels too frightening, you can start by looking at a place close to the person’s eyes.

Keep your chin up. Do you look at the ground when you are walking? Is your head always down? If so, you need a change by walking with your head up and your eyes looking forward. You may feel unnatural at first.     3    

Give a firm handshake. How is your handshake?     4     So work on making sure that you offer a firm handshake when meeting others. After practice, it will come naturally.

Slow your movements.     5     Everything from hand gestures to your walking pace can make a difference. Slow down and practice to find the walking pace that suits you, which will make you feel more confident.

A．Avoid looking at others.

B．Make eye contact throughout the conversation.

C．Fast movements make you look more anxious.

D．So it’s important to have confident body language.

E．A weak one is an clear sign of a lack of confidence.

F．But gradually, you’ll get used to this more confident gesture (姿势).

G．Here are some tips to increase your confidence through body language.

3 . I didn’t know a thing about the Clean Air Act that ______ in congress at that time.

A．was being debated	B．was debated
C．had been debated	D．debated

4 . But this is the first time that I ______ an application and the personal resume, so I don’t know ______ there is something to pay attention to.

A．had written; whether	B．wrote; what
C．have been written; why	D．have written; if

5 . We took it for granted ______ they would accept the proposal, so we think it no use ______ them eagerly.

A．if; convincing	B．that; to convince
C．that; convincing	D．if; to convince

6 . Relics are artifacts(人工制品) from ancient civilizations such as the Egyptians, Greeks, and Mayans. On many occasions, archaeologists discover relics containing text written in ancient languages. These items could be ancient books and scrolls(卷轴) or they could simply be vases and coins with writing on them. Interpreting these texts can be difficult, particularly if the language is a previously undiscovered one, and the texts may additionally be hard to read if they are incomplete or if sections have worn away. Another complication is that interpreting them must be done without the reader introducing any bias (偏见) based upon modern language and culture.

Lost languages are among the numerous barriers archaeologists must break through to interpret texts on relics. One solution is to employ a key, such as the Rosetta Stone, which was discovered in Egypt in 1799. It contains an ancient Egyptian decree(法令) written in three languages, one of which is in Egyptian hieroglyphics(象形文字), an unknown language at the time of its discovery; however, another language on it is ancient Greek, which scholars understood. By comparing the text, scholars made great leaps(跃进) in interpreting hieroglyphics. Unfortunately, other ancient languages, such as Minoan Linear A, have not been figured out primarily because no key that can assist translation efforts has been discovered yet.

The Rosetta Stone was mostly unscathed, but its missing parts increased the difficulty of interpreting its text, something which frequently happens with relics. The passage of time may result in carvings, paintings, drawings, and textual inscriptions(题字) getting worn away. For example, the Tel Dan Stone, a stone with ancient Hebrew inscriptions that was found in Israel in 1993, is broken in places, and large pieces of text are missing. The result is a long-standing controversy over the precise interpretation of the writing on it.

How modern scholars view texts is another barrier to interpreting them since translators have their own personal biases. Researchers must therefore keep the historical and cultural context of the period when the text was written in mind. This can be difficult when little is known of the people who wrote the text and when or why they wrote it .

1. What do we know about the Rosetta Stone?

A．It has ancient Greek law on it.

B．It was discovered in Israel in 1993.

C．It was employed to interpret hieroglyphics.

D．It consists of three unknown ancient languages.

2. Why is Minoan Linear A mentioned in Paragraph 2?

A．To tell the key to it has been discovered.

B．To show it still remains a mystery for scholars.

C．To prove it originated form ancient Egypt.

D．To confirm what scholars have achieved.

3. What does the underlined word “unscathed” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean?

A．untouched

B．unexplained

C．undamaged

D．undiscovered

4. What’s the best title for the text?

A．Searching for lost languages.

B．Interpreting texts on ancient relics.

C．Discovering ancient Hebrew inscriptions.

D．Removing barriers to language exploring.

7 . Welcome to Tampa Volleyball Summer Camps

All Skills Camp

An all-skill clinic(培训班) for beginning through advanced levels. All Campers will be grouped with campers of a similar skill level. Throughout this camp we cover all individual skills (passing, setting, serving, attacking, blocking and floor defense). Night sessions are generally devoted to team training and competition.

Dates: June 29-July 2

Recommended age: 10 to 18; 12 years old for resident (住宿) campers.

Recommended level: all levels.

Fees:

$355 for each commuter(通勤者) (T-shirt, lunch and dinner are included.)

$405 for each resident (T-shirt, housing, breakfast, lunch and dinner are included.)

Commuter campers:

All commuter campers can check in closer to 5:30 pm. Since they do not have to move anything into the dorms. Check-in will still be held at the camp dorm for all campers. After check-in, all pick-ups and drops-offs will be located at the Martinez Sports Center. We recommend being dropped off 30 minutes before the start of the day and the camp will end on time each evening.

Resident campers:

All resident campers will stay in a secure dorm where a keycard is needed to enter. Depending on the dorms we use, campers can stay2, 3, or 4 to a room. Resident campers will be expected to follow all posted camp rules. Any failure to follow camp rules will result in the camper being sent home immediately.

Food service:

All campers will be fed in the dining hall. There will also be a camp store where campers can buy food and drink after the evening session.

Our schedule:

Wake-up and breakfast                    7:45 am

Commuter drop-off at                    8:30 am

Martinez Sports Center

Training session                           9:00-11:30 am

Lunch                                        11:45 am-12:45 pm

Training session                           1:30-4:30 pm

Dinner                                        4:45-6:00 pm

Training session                           6:30-9:00 pm

Commuter pick-up at                    9:00 pm

Martinez Sports Center

Bed checks                                 10:30 pm

Lights out                                 11:00 pm

1. What can be learned about All Skills Camp?

A．It is intended for different levels of campers.

B．It will last for as long as a whole month.

C．There’s no training session at night.

D．There are three types of campers.

2. What is required of commuter campers?

A．They must be over the age of 12.

B．They must pay $ 405 for training.

C．They need to be dropped off at 7:30 am.

D．They need to check in at the camp dorm.

3. How long will a camper be trained every day?

A．2.5 hours.

B．3 hours.

C．5 hours

D．8 hours.

8 . It's hard to tell if plants grow faster with classic rock or hip hop. Heidi Appel was a teen when The Secret Life of Plants hit the stores in 1973. This bestselling book devoted a chapter to music's effect on plant growth. Appel read the book. "I was fascinated, but skeptical," she recalls.

Appel is now a plant biologist. Seven years ago, she had conversation with colleague Rex Cocroft. He studies leafhoppers(叶蝉). These insects signal each other by sending vibrations through plant leaves. "When an insect starts to eat the leaf, I can't hear a thing," he said. "It’s just deafening." Then Appel recalls, "We looked at each other and said, "Do you think plants might use insect feeding as a source of information?"

She and Cocroft designed an experiment to see if plants do in fact "listen" for predators. They placed a piece of reflective tape onto a plant leaf. Now they trained a laser beam onto the tape. If the tape moved even slightly, the signal from the laser light reflected by the tape would vary too. And how quickly it varied with time provided a measure of the leaf's movement.

As caterpillars feasted on the plant's leaves, they recorded the vibrations(颤动). Then, they recreated them for another plant. Finally, they placed actual caterpillars onto plants that had listened to the feeding sounds. Other plants had received the silent treatment. Two days later，compared to control plants, those that had earlier heard the chewing sounds had made about 30 percent more defense chemicals.

“In almost every science fair I've ever judged,some high school student is testing if plants grow better to rock 'n' roll or classical music,” Frank Telewski jokes. But the new study is the first "to clearly show a plant responding to a sound that's related to its survival--the chewing vibration of an insect pest," says Telewski. "If a plant can recognize danger and respond biochemically to up its defenses, that's a key advantage."

1. When Appel was a teen, she doubted whether________

A．the Secret Life of Plants was a bestseller.

B．plants grew better with classic rock.

C．music influenced the growth of plants.

D．she had a gift for researching plants.

2. What did Cocroft find when he studied the insects eating the leaves?

A．They left his sensitive microphones useless.

B．They always ate the leaf of his plants.

C．They destroyed his ability of hearing.

D．They made trouble in his recording insects' vibration.

3. What role does the laser play in the experiment?

A．To measure the movement of plant leaves.

B．To stop the caterpillars eating the leaf.

C．To break down the leaf's defense chemicals.

D．To shine the caterpillars into silence.

4. According to Telewski, he thinks________

A．it makes sense for plants to respond to sounds.

B．what students are tested at school is meaningless.

C．plants defend themselves from pests with different sounds.

D．different kinds of music make plants grow.

9 . Lately, a large number of relief supplies ________ sent to the disaster area and amounts of money ________ spent on post-reconstruction.

A．have been; have been	B．have been; has been
C．were; was	D．were; were

10 . They always look for excuses to postpone ________ something. In the end, it never gets done.

A．to

B．doing

C．done

D．to doing