1 . How often in your busy life when faced with an issue or a problem do you consider subtraction (减法)?
Every day, with big and small challenges, we ignore a basic way to make things better. We are great at adding to our “to dos”, but we don’t consider “stop-doings”. We collect new-and-improved ideas, but don’t delete the outdated ones.
Do your resolutions more often start with “I should do more of…” than with “I should do less of…”? Do you add new rules in your household or workplace more often than you take rules away? In our striving to improve our lives, our work and our society, we overwhelmingly add.
Leidy Klotz’s Lego bridge test, with two support towers of differing heights, found that almost everyone added a Lego brick to the shorter tower, rather than removing a brick from the longer tower. The valid subtraction solution produced a stronger outcome.
Why do we ignore the option to subtract from what is already there? Why do we fail to use subtraction as a way to change things?
Firstly, behavioural science suggests that our brains are wired to ignore subtraction. Initial studies show that our mental shortcuts have a preference for adding when solving problem. We are tricked by our mindset.
Further, we have a tendency to think addition or subtraction; however, they can be complementary (互补的) ways to make changes.
So we ignore subtraction because it is often harder to think of. Moreover, even when we do manage to think of it, subtracting can be harder to perform.
In chemistry, valency (化合价) refers to an elemental force that is not necessarily visible but helps explain the elements’ behaviour. Psychological valency is the inner attractiveness or strong dislike of something. There is a negative valency around subtracting. Even the word subtraction has a negative valency.
Subtraction is the act of getting to less but it is not the same as doing less. Getting to less often means doing, or at least thinking, more. In your pursuit of success and happiness I encourage you to overcome the tendency to ignore subtraction. Subtracting can be delightful!
1. What do people usually do when faced with problems in life?A.Adopt subtraction. | B.Stop doing things. |
C.Add new rules. | D.Abandon outdated ideas. |
A.By comparing examples. | B.By conducting a survey. |
C.By analyzing statistics. | D.By citing a typical test. |
A.Initial fixed mindset. | B.Resistance to change. |
C.Flexible mental desire. | D.Expectation for success. |
A.State possible reasons. | B.Offer valuable advice. |
C.Give some warnings. | D.Provide useful proof. |
1.旅游路线;
2.出行方式;
3.了解中国。
注意:
1.写作词数应为 80左右;
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Alan,
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Yours,
Li Hua
3 . If you’re searching for a vacation spot that hits both your fix for city life and access to nature, Seattle is the perfect place to visit. Located in Washington, it’s home to some of the most beautiful natural landscapes in the country.
Space Needle
You’ll get the opportunity to climb to a few levels of the observation tower and admire the impressive views of the Mississippi River and the mountains. You’ll also be able to visit the Loupe Lounge to enjoy a circling glass floor experience and seat on a Skyriser — an angled glass bench on the open-air observation deck.
Underground History Tour
This one-hour, small-group tour will take you into the fascinating world beneath Seattle’s streets. You’ll travel along the underground pathways constructed over a century ago and learn details about Seattle’s early history from your knowledgeable guide. You’ll hear stories of the Klondike Gold Rush, Skid Row and the area’s original inhabitants (居民).
Seattle Harbor Cruise
On this guided cruise, you’ll get a chance to admire the sweeping views of the Olympic Mountains and learn more about the history of the city. You’ll head to Puget Sound to see a variety of wildlife in the inland body of water. The cruise comes with a full-service bar aboard where you can purchase cocktails, local wine, beer, snacks and much more while relaxing on the tour.
Museum of Flight
You can explore the fascinating exhibits of the Museum of Flight. Inside, you’ll find 175 aircraft and spacecraft, thousands of artefacts and rare photographs. You’ll learn about the history of flight from humble beginnings to the fighter planes of World War I and II. You can even step aboard a Boeing plan and view a space shuttle in the Aviation Pavilion.
1. Which place will help you learn about space adventure?A.Space Needle. | B.Underground History Tour. |
C.Museum of Flight. | D.Seattle Harbor Cruise. |
A.Overlook from the Olympic Mountains. | B.Enjoy various kinds of food and drink. |
C.See a variety of wildlife in deep oceans. | D.Admire splendid views of the Mississippi. |
A.Mental relaxation. | B.Historical knowledge. | C.A free guide. | D.A flying experience. |
My writing career started when I was in elementary school, where there were various writing contests throughout the years. I’m assuming it was in the hopes of trying to get our young, little minds excited about the possibilities that writing could offer us in our lives. Then I’d come home, show my parents and my dad would say, “You did such a great job, honey! Wow, you must be a great writer!” I was probably a better writer in 5th grade than my average counterparts (同等的人) at the time. I even went to the special advanced classes for the “gifted” kids for a few years.
And as I grew older, I remembered those experiences and what my dad was always telling me, and it just stuck with me, and became part of my subconscious (潜意识) — that I was a great writer. I always did well in all my classes because I had this confidence. I didn’t like all subjects particularly. but I got good grades. I was pretty self-assured in my abilities as a student. Then, fast forward to my freshman year of high school. By this time, I had started to even out (相等) with the rest of my peers, in terms of intelligence. And then, it happened, the day that my hopes were destroyed.
It was all because of the new English teacher: Ms. Moon. The year started out like any other. I expected to do well; I worked hard and knew that my efforts would pay off, like it always had in the past. But something started happening. I started getting Cs on my papers! I don’t think I’d ever seen that letter, except in the spelling of my first name. And, not only was I getting low grades in her class, but also her comments made me astonished. My papers were full of red marks, and I was being asked to re-do many assignments to even get a passing grade.
注意:1.续写词数应为150左右;
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
One day, Ms. Moon handed my paper to me and whispered, “It’s still not good enough.”
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________My efforts paid off and very soon it was time for my final exam result.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________For those looking to escape the concrete jungle, maybe it’s time to dive into the bamboo forests of southern Sichuan.
A natural forest that people in Sichuan province tend
Known as one of the country’s 10 most beautiful forests, it
Two years later, the bamboo forest received world-wide
The Bamboo Sea covers Changning and Jiang’an, two counties
6 . “I’ve met an old lady,” I eagerly told my parents on one of our daily phone. I volunteered to start a knitting club at a care home for the
From the beginning, I never felt that Edith and I lacked
When I first met Edith, I was
Over the years of visiting Edith, I understood how Edith valued the
Death at 111 is not unexpected, but I still feel that something is
A.lonely | B.elderly | C.disabled | D.deserted |
A.friendship | B.cooperation | C.encounter | D.competition |
A.switched | B.contracted | C.contrasted | D.identified |
A.adaptation | B.commitment | C.conversation | D.attention |
A.memory | B.organ | C.anxiety | D.manner |
A.explaining | B.recalling | C.forgetting | D.expecting |
A.confused | B.urged | C.denied | D.struck |
A.calling on | B.allowing for | C.sorting out | D.beating down |
A.devoted | B.admitted | C.restricted | D.addicted |
A.company | B.discipline | C.resolution | D.departure |
A.follow | B.tackle | C.restore | D.engage |
A.arising | B.ranging | C.missing | D.suffering |
A.racial | B.diverse | C.visible | D.special |
A.complaint | B.praise | C.gratitude | D.wisdom |
A.insights | B.comparison | C.investment | D.remarks |
7 . The journey towards self-improvement and personal success is often paved with challenges and obstacles.
Mindset rests on a fundamental principle: your inner beliefs and thoughts can form your reality.
Factors like talent and hard work are often highlighted in professional success.
To make full use of the potential of your mindset, it is crucial to confront and overcome limiting beliefs. You may never realize it.
A.This isn’t merely hopeful thinking. |
B.Effort and ability can equal a positive mindset. |
C.The growth mindset means continuous improvement. |
D.In fact, mindset emerges as an equally critical element. |
E.Such beliefs can act as invisible barriers to your success. |
F.Mindset plays an important role in building good relationship. |
G.However, a crucial element that influences this journey is the mindset. |
8 . Underwater travel is difficult and dangerous, but many people have reasons to stay deep under the ocean. Soldiers in submarines travel long distances underwater. Companies looking for oil and other resources stay underwater, too. Humans have come up with a few designs of vehicles to move around under the ocean. But what if there was a better way to travel?
Hilary Bart-Smith, an engineer at the University of Virginia, thinks a vehicle that travels like a man ta ray would be able to operate for long periods at sea as if it were a living organism. Manta rays, a type of cartilaginous (软骨的) fish, can grow up to 29 feet long, which are found throughout the world in tropical, subtropical, and temperate waters. Manta rays are some of the most efficient swimmers in the ocean. Different from animals and people pushing against water in order to swim, the manta ray swims by moving through the water with wing-like movements of their fins (鳍). Efficiency means using less energy to move farther and causing less pollution.
Bart-Smith and other engineers at the University of Virginia had to find out what manta rays looked like on the inside to better understand how they move. They took x-rays to find out how a manta ray’s fins are built. They found that a web of cartilage, which is the same kind of material that your ears and nose are made from, stretches across each fin.
Once the engineers knew how a manta ray’s fin was constructed, they could build one of their own. They made a long row of metal struts with many hinges to imitate the manta ray’s web of cartilage, acting like your finger, which can bend as one long line, or bend in many places to make a curve. The engineers put their design inside a flexible cover, shaped like a manta ray’s fin. Then they tested it in the university swimming pool. They were happy to see that it swam just like a manta ray in the ocean.
Engineers and scientists are still learning and experimenting with how to imitate these amazing animals. Perhaps someday engineers will be able to build manta ray robots that are big enough to transport people. For now, engineers study their movement and learn from the most efficient swimmers in the ocean.
1. Why does the author raise a question in the first paragraph?A.To lead to the main topic. | B.To ask for a correct answer. |
C.To suggest exploring the sea. | D.To summarize people’s views. |
A.It can grow at least 29 feet long. | B.It swims with much less energy. |
C.It can inhabit all kinds of waters. | D.It swims by pushing against water. |
A.The engineers failed to build a man ta ray’s fin. | B.Artificial “manta rays” remain to be improved. |
C.The experiments were carried out in the ocean. | D.Vehicles like manta rays have been put into use. |
A.Unclear. | B.Doubtful. | C.Negative. | D.Optimistic. |
9 . For Cruz, who grew up in Peru’s mountainous region of Cuzco, fog represents a massive opportunity. As a boy, he had to hike for more than an hour every day across rough hills to collect water from the nearest source. But over time, he realized that during the rainy season, drops of water would gather in the large leaves of banana trees. One day, he and his father built a canal system with the leaves to collect water. He moved to Lima at the age of 25.
Shocked by the water shortages and expensive water supply that some of the city’s poorest residents were suffering, Cruz set up EI Movimiento Peruanos sin Agua in 2005. The idea was to deploy the method he learned in his hometown on a larger, better-adapted scale, which would provide free, independently sourced and easily accessible water to those who needed it most. He began installing (安装) a traditional fog catcher model developed in the 1980s. The nonprofit provided the materials for free, and the community built the infrastructure (基础设施) themselves.
At the highest point of Los Tres Miradores, there is a curious set of large structures that is like a fleet of ships in the sky. They are so-called “fog catchers”. The 40 fog catchers there provide enough water for 180 families, whether to bathe, clean, drink (after being filtered at home) or to irrigate crops on small garden patches.
Supporters believe that fog catchers have the potential to improve water supply for communities around the world amid ever-challenging conditions. German researcher Lummerich says, “They are cheap, easy to construct. In a world searching for water supply systems, it is one important approach that can make an essential difference locally. It could make the difference between having water and not having water available.” There are some issues, however. For one, fog catchers require space, which is not always easy to come by in cities. At the same time, fog catchers must be properly cleaned and maintained to stay effective. Most crucially, appropriate climate conditions are required. Fog isn’t everywhere.
1. Why did Cruz set up EI Movimiento Peruanos sin Agua in 2005?A.To raise money for the poorest residents. | B.To construct the infrastructure for the city. |
C.To build a canal system for his hometown. | D.To offer water to people who need it badly. |
A.Employ. | B.Abandon. | C.Design. | D.Explore. |
A.High expenses. | B.Public opposition. | C.Technical faults. | D.Space limitation. |
A.A practical application of fog catchers in cities | B.The development of a climate organization |
C.A creative method of improving water supply | D.The importance of infrastructure construction |
Engagement (订婚) is an exciting and memorable event that many people look forward to. Bailey Davis, who had been in love with her boyfriend for more than two years, like many others, recently experienced this joyous occasion when she got engaged. As for the future, Bailey knew that no matter what challenges or obstacles came her way, she would always hold onto the memories and experiences she shared with her partner. She has been proudly wearing her beautiful engagement ring ever since, valuing it as a symbol of her love and commitment. However, her happiness was short-lived.
As a salesgirl of a large chain store, Bailey was as busy as a bee, going on business alone from time to time. On this particular day, Columbus, Ohio was her destination. She got up very early, packed all her baggage, and drove there happily. While at a rest stop, she used the restroom. Here, she took off her ring. But little did she know that she’d also leave it there. It wasn’t until she arrived in Columbus that she realized her ring was missing. “I had driven already two hours away to Columbus before I realized it wasn’t on my hand,” Bailey recalled. “I was shaky and sweating — I felt like I was going to puke (呕吐).” By the time she returned to the rest stop bathroom, the ring was gone. At that moment, Bailey felt certain she would never see her precious ring again.
Bailey’s heart began to sink at the thought of the special value of the ring. For her, it was not just a piece of jewelry but a symbol of the love and commitment she shared with her partner. She couldn’t help but feel a deep sense of loss and disappointment.
注意:
1. 续写词数应为150左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
However, Bailey refused to give up hope.
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Just when she’s about to lose heart, something amazing happened.
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