Charlie was very obedient to his parents and teachers, for which everyone loved him a lot. Due to his father’s job, his family moved to a new city, where he entered a new school. As Charlie was a good boy, soon most of his new classmates became his good friends. The teachers also praised this new boy, because of his intelligence and nice behavior to all.
But there was one boy in the class who did not like Charlie at all! His name was Bill and he was a very naughty boy, for which no one liked him at all. He found that Charlie was a quiet boy. So he started creating troubles for his new classmate. At the lunchtime, when Charlie was having lunch, Bill came up to him and asked, “Hey, what do you have for lunch?” “It’s cake and sweets,” Charlie replied with a smile.
“I love sweets and so I will eat this food today.” Bill said grudgingly. He snatched the lunch box from Charlie. The other boys sitting around were furious, but no one dared to protest due to fears of being bullied by Bill and his little gang.
From that day on, Bill regularly ate Charlie’s lunch and even threw away the water from his water bottle one day. But Charlie still kept quiet and did not complain to the teacher. Bill never did his homework and always forced the good boys of the class, including Charlie, to write it down on his copy for him! When Charlie’s parents learned about all these bullies of Bill, they wanted to come to the school and complain about this naughty boy. But Charlie stopped them and said, “Mom, Dad, please do not worry. Everything will be all right. After all, Bill is also a kid like me.”
The days went by and the time came for the annual sports at the school. Charlie was also good at sports and he participated in a number of events. Bill also participated in sack race (套袋赛跑), though he could not run very fast due to his fat body.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Seeing Charlie won first prize in 100 meters, Bill felt very bad and then made a decision.
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Charlie then took Bill to the school doctor who tended his injured leg.
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1. 发出邀请；
2. 介绍比赛安排；
3. 希望尽快回复。
注意：
1. 词数80左右;
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Peter,
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Yours,
Li Hua
There are a few ways Chinese restaurants are different from Western restaurants. In the West, everyone always gets their own menu
China has many different styles of food, a wide range of ingredients and cooking methods. Therefore, when you are in China you should make an effort
4 . Most 13-year-olds might have spent those three years preoccupied with schoolwork or hanging out with mates. One teenager, however, spent his nights sleeping in a
“I love camping, it’s one of my
Speaking to ITV’s Good Morning Britain, he said: “My friend Rick was absolutely amazing. He
| A．hotel | B．house | C．bedroom | D．tent |
| A．raised | B．donated | C．saved | D．earned |
| A．efficient | B．ridiculous | C．dangerous | D．favourite |
| A．but | B．because | C．so | D．unless |
| A．easier | B．stronger | C．tougher | D．nicer |
| A．helpful | B．meaningful | C．terrible | D．simple |
| A．brilliant | B．committed | C．reliable | D．tricky |
| A．forced | B．troubled | C．commanded | D．banned |
| A．Apparently | B．Certainly | C．Honestly | D．Equally |
| A．sound | B．regular | C．voluntary | D．occasional |
| A．adventures | B．journeys | C．applications | D．generations |
| A．take over | B．pass over | C．get over | D．engage in |
| A．respected | B．recalled | C．annoyed | D．loved |
| A．biggest | B．hardest | C．earliest | D．easiest |
| A．proposal | B．contribution | C．difference | D．donation |
5 . When you have mountains of homework and studying ahead, getting started can seem like an impossible task.
Start with your easiest task to get the ball rolling.
Reward yourself when you complete a task. Treat yourself to help you stay motivated and make studying fun. If you’re in the middle of a study session, you can take a quick walk, eat a granola bar, or listen to a favorite song.
Work with your friends or a tutor. Positive peer pressure can be a great motivator! Unless working with others creates more of a distraction, find a study buddy or group you can collaborate with.
| A．Break down your work into smaller pieces. |
| B．Set goals together, and check-in along the way. |
| C．Make things less stressful by starting with just a small task. |
| D．Try a fresh approach to your studies if you’re sick of reading and writing. |
| E．We’ll teach you how to get into the right frame of mind before you start studying. |
| F．If you’ve finished your study session, feel free to wind down by playing a video game. |
| G．If you’re to attend a college, each small study meeting will get you closer to your dream. |
6 . Does it ever seem like something is going on with our attention spans? Gloria Mark, an attention researcher at the university of California, says there is scientific evidence that attention spans have shrunk considerably. “We started studying attention span length over 20 years ago,” Mark said. “In 2003, we found that attention spans averaged about two-and-a-half minutes on any screen before people switched, In the past five, six years, they are averaging 47 seconds on the screen.”
Mark maintains that a shorter attention span has three downsides: The first is that people make more errors when they do attention shifting; second downside is that it takes longer to do something, because we have to adjust to every new task every time we shift; the third downside — maybe this is the worst of all — is that stress increases. When people are working on multiple tasks and they have to shift their attention, their blood pressure rises.
You don’t have to be a professor to guess at the cause of our great distract ability: It’s technology, of course-phones, social media, texting. It might be hard to think of the last time you even had a tech-free hour. So she offered a couple of tips for staying focused: First, when you feel the itch to change tasks, analyze why. If it’s just boredom or procrastination (拖延症), make a deal with yourself to work another 20 minutes, and then treat yourself to a reward.
Second, picture yourself at the end of the day. What do you want to have accomplished? What do you want to feel? “A concrete visualization of yourself sitting on the couch, you know, watching your favourite show is really good motivation,” she said.
The internet has this incredible resource available to us, so rather than be upset by it because it distracts us, how can we turn that around and instead find value from it? And how can we utilize our time best when we use the resources from the Internet without getting exhausted from it? These questions are what Gloria Mark will focus on in her subsequent research.
1. What is the second paragraph mainly about?| A．Negative effects of short attention spans. | B．Benefits of long attention spans. |
| C．Causes of short attention spans. | D．Ways to deal with short attention spans. |
| A．Necessity. | B．Courage. | C．Desire | D．Choice |
| A．Imagining what you will accomplish at the end of the day is a waste of time. |
| B．Multitasking is a good way to extend our attention span. |
| C．It is necessary to think twice before shifting your tasks. |
| D．We’d better say no to the internet sometimes as it distracts us. |
| A．Are Our Attention Spans Getting Shorter? | B．How Do We Live with the Internet? |
| C．Is Multitasking Possible? | D．What Can We Do to Make Our Attention Spans Longer? |
7 . The Amazon rainforest spreads across nine South American countries but most of it (60%) is in Brazil. Brazilian scientists think they might have found a way to reverse the damage caused by deforestation and turn farmland back into forest. The secret lies in ancient local knowledge of soil.
Amazonian dark earth (ADE) is a thick, black soil found deep in the Amazon rainforest, and it could help restore forests around the world. ADE is a kind of compost — a soil made from dead plants and animals. Various kinds of compost are sold in gardening centers around the world, but ADE is unique. It was created by indigenous people (the descendants of people who lived somewhere before another culture arrived and took over) from the Amazon between 2,000 and 2,500 years ago. The Amazonian people, today known as Amerindians, created ADE using charcoal from fires, animal bones, food waste and poo. It contains microbes, including bacteria that help to turn chemicals in the soil into useful nutrients that feed plants and trees.
Vast areas of the Amazon have been cut down, mostly to make way for grassland for raising cattle. Scientists are looking for a way to turn grassland back into rainforest and revive forest ecosystems. These support thousands of animal and plant species, many of them unique to the area. Forests also absorb lots of carbon dioxide, a gas that cause climate change.
To see if the Amazon’s special soil could help, the scientists grew grasses and trees in ADE, regular earth and a mixture of both. Trees grown in ADE were up to six times taller than those in regular soil. ADE takes hundreds of years to create, so the scientists can’t simply make more. Team member, Dr. Siu Mui Tsai, said that instead they want to try and “copy its characteristics”, especially its helpful microbes, and see if it could help to restore natural habitats.
1. What are Brazilian scientists trying to do?| A．To bring forests back. | B．To measure damage. |
| C．To reduce farmland. | D．To dig out ancient soil. |
| A．Dead plants. | B．Animal bones. | C．Food waste. | D．Bacteria inside. |
| A．The reasons for cutting down forests. | B．The benefits of raising cattle. |
| C．The significance of forest ecosystems. | D．The influence of climate change. |
| A．Amazonian dark earth is helpful to microbes. |
| B．Amazonian dark earth is produced in large quantities. |
| C．Microbes are beneficial to the revival of forests. |
| D．Microbes are the characteristics of the natural habitats. |
8 . In 1996, someone found some very old clothes in an old mine in Nevada, USA; they included a pair of dirty old jeans. Today, those jeans are very valuable, and they are now in the Levi Strauss Archival Collection, in San Francisco. The jeans, which are over 140 years old, are the oldest pair of Levi’s 501 jeans in the world.
They are almost the same as a modern pair of 501’s; there are just some small differences in the detail For instance, today’s 501’s have two back pockets, the old pair just has one.
In 1853, a young tailor from Germany, called Levi Strauss, began working in San Francisco; Levi sold thick canvas to miners; the miners used the canvas to make tents.
One day, a miner told Levi that he could not find trousers that were strong enough for work in the gold mines. Levi decided to make some trousers out of canvas.
Very soon, he had sold all the canvas trousers he’d made! They were just what miners wanted.
However, the canvas was rather heavy and stiff Levi therefore began to look for a different textile; soon he found a heavy textile from France; it was called serge de Nimes. Americans just called this de Nimes, and this name soon got reduced to denim.
Denim was a bit lighter than canvas but it was very strong: it was ideal for miners.
However, original denim was almost white, and miners did not like the color! Their denim trousers got dirty as soon as they began working!
Levi Strauss therefore decided to use colored denim, and he chose dark blue. In 1873, he began to make denim trousers with metal rivets to make them stronger. This was a radical new idea: “Blue jeans” had arrived!
Levi’s jeans were so popular, that his company got bigger and bigger, soon, other firms were making blue jeans too. Miners liked them, but so did cowboys and other working men. Blue jeans became classic American working trousers. After the Second World War, jeans became popular all over the world. Today, blue jeans are now the international uniform worn by young people.
1. Why did Levi start to make jeans at first?| A．To start a business. | B．To make use of canvas. |
| C．To make a difference. | D．To meet the miners’ needs. |
| A．It was originally dark blue. |
| B．It was introduced from France. |
| C．It was thought little of by cowboys. |
| D．It was heavy and stiff compared to canvas. |
| A．Diligent and honest. | B．Innovative and devoted. |
| C．Noble and persistent. | D．Generous and warm-hearted. |
| A．A creative tailor. | B．A long-existing trend. |
| C．The origin of jeans. | D．The famous brand of jeans. |
9 . With a huge variety of animals, plants, and geological features, it’s no surprise the Rocky Mountains host many national parks in both the US and Canada. Here are a few of the national parks in the region dedicated to preserving the unique environments of the Rocky Mountains.
Rocky Mountain National Park
The first of the great national parks in the Rocky Mountains, this park includes 415 square miles of land across the Continental Divide. Because of its size, visitors can experience high mountain peaks, grassy valleys, hidden alpine lakes, and beautiful waterfalls. Rock climbers can scale a thousand feet up the sheer rock cliffs of Longs Peak, and there are many hiking trails.
Yellowstone National Park
Yellowstone is probably one of the most well-known national parks. President Ulyssess S. Grant designated Yellowstone as the very first national park in the United States on March 1, 1872. It is famous for its hot springs, boiling mud, fumaroles and geysers such as Old Faithful, which shoots boiling water more than 100 feet into the air. Yellowstone also has its own canyon and magnificent waterfall. Visitors can see bison, elk, wolves and grizzly bears.
Grand Teton National Park
Travelers can leave Yellowstone on a parkway that brings them right to Grand Teton National Park, just north of Jackson, Wyoming. Humans have lived in the area for more than 11,000 years, and traces of this history can be found throughout the park. Grand Teton has many opportunities for hiking, camping, boating, rock climbing, and viewing wildlife, as well as amazing views of the Grand Teton Mountain Range.
Banff National Park
Banff National Park is located near Calgary, in Alberta, Canada. Banff was Canada’s first national park, and is known for its mountain peaks, its hundreds of glaciers, and glacier-fed lakes such as Lake Louise. Banff has many hiking trails and campsites, and winter visitors snowshoe, ski, and skate.
1. Which of the following best suits winter sports lovers?| A．Rocky Mountain National Park. | B．Yellowstone National Park. |
| C．Grand Teton National Park. | D．Banff National Park. |
| A．Rocky Mountain National Park has its own canyon. |
| B．Yellowstone National Park are famous for campsites. |
| C．Grand Teton National Park enjoys the longest history. |
| D．Banff National Park is the first national park in Canada. |
| A．A science magazine. | B．A travel brochure. |
| C．A geography textbook. | D．A wildlife guidebook. |
10 . For motorcycle enthusiasts, nothing beats the excitement of riding your motorcycle on the open highway with the wind on your back. As gas prices rise, riding motorcycles is economical and a much greener way to travel. Along with the benefits comes the risk of personal injury if an accident occurs. After all, you’re not protected by steel like you are while driving your car. Besides a helmet, the latest safety innovations, new airbag jeans, are personal airbags that you can wear to better protect your life.
Airbags have been protecting people in car accidents for decades. Now, a Swedish company, Mo’cycle, teamed up with an airbag technology company which previously produced upper body protection for motorcycle riders, to design and produce the airbag jeans. This kind of airbag can offer protection for the motorcycle rider’s lower body, especially the tailbone, in case of an accident. According to the company, “It reformed the airbag technology to protect the first bone of the spinal column (脊柱), because spinal column injury is the leading cause of disability among motorcycle riders.”
The airbag jeans look like conventional trousers. Its component is removable and the jeans can be washed, dried, and worn again. The jeans are made of a fabric called Armalith which is stronger and weighs less than steel. Armalith helps to prevent riders from injuries caused by force of friction after a fall. The airbags fixed into the fabric help protect the rider if he or she falls off the motorcycle. If the rider is separated from the vehicle, the airbags are touched off in seconds. That’s because the mechanism is actually a chain that connects the jeans to the motorcycle.
Mo’cycle’s airbag jeans are available on the company’s crowdfunding campaign along with an airbag shirt and a complete protection package. Obviously, they can provide protection for more motorcycle riders. Making the roads safer for them is certainly a worthy effort.
1. What is the purpose of Paragraph 1?| A．To stress the necessity of airbags jeans. | B．To show the popularity of motorcycles. |
| C．To state the importance of wearing helmets. | D．To display the excitement of highway riding. |
| A．The tailbone injuries are hard to identify. |
| B．The airbag jeans offer overall protection for riders. |
| C．The airbag jeans are based on the existing technology. |
| D．Mo’ cycle is famous for airbag design and production. |
| A．They need fixing regularly. | B．They are quick in response. |
| C．They are comfortable to wear. | D．They lead a new fashion trend. |
| A．Indifferent. | B．Uncertain. |
| C．Curious. | D．Promising. |
