1 . Go Recycling
No one looking at the state of Earth in 2023 can be in any doubt that we are facing three serious environmental problems: climate problem, loss of biodiversity and pollution of air, soil and water.
To solve the problems, we increase the use of electric cars, encourage greener eating and reduce plastic use.
A shocking figure lies at the heart of our special report on our world—of the more than 100billion tons of things that humans use each year, hardly 10% is recycled.
Solving the three problems calls for a huge transition with joint efforts.
A.Governments ought to do something responsibly. |
B.It is humans that caused the serious consequences. |
C.We should realize that a key theme linking all the three problems is waste. |
D.However, sometimes these solutions can be opposite to the expected goals. |
E.It is high time for people from all walks of life to take the issue into consideration. |
F.That makes it obvious a full-range war on waste should be paid immediate attention. |
G.That means some solutions aiming at one problem each time are unlikely to be effective. |
2 . A small group of Cuban dive instructors (潜水教练) have started a project to grow coral (珊瑚) and replant it. The divers hope to restore part of Cuba’s barrier reef (堡礁). And they are working with limited financial support and using materials recovered from the coast.
Luis is one of the project’s leaders. The 44-year-old fisherman grew up on Cuba’s north coast. He said, “It’s unbelievable to see the loss of coral in the past 30 years.” He added, “Our dream is to make the parts of the barrier reef that have lost their coral grow again.”
To make that happen, Luis worked with other div e instructors and neighborhood schoolchildren with the support from Cuba’s environmental organizations—Cubas National Aquarium and the Cuban environmental program Ecovalor. They began assembling pieces of coral spread across the ocean floor after large storms three years ago. The pieces were then hung on branches of underwater “trees” made from old plastic pipes and supported by fishing lines recovered from the coast. They were then “replanted” on the coral reef, fixed by nails driven into the rock. In a year, most survive and grow enough to repopulate the part of the barrier reef between 60 to 80 meters in length.
“It’s a project that takes time,” said co-worker Michel Soto. He said the project has done better than expectations even with little financial support and limited equipment in Cuba.
Like many coral reefs around the world, the ones in Cuba are threatened by changing water temperatures, destructive plants and animals, pollution and over-fishing. It is reported that the world has already lost 30 to 50 percent of its coral reefs.
Karine is a French div er who just visited Cuba for the first time. She said the reef looked better than others she had seen on dives elsewhere in the world, including in Africa. “The coral needs to be protected,” she said after two dives on a recent trip to nearby Varadero. She said, “It’s good to see that in Cuba they take care of what they have, and that it is still not too affected by too much tourism.”
1. What do you think of Luis’s group?A.They are experienced idealists. | B.They are goal-oriented dreamers. |
C.They are self-confident specialists. | D.They are determined problem-solvers. |
A.collecting | B.fixing | C.planting | D.removing |
A.To predict the result of the project. | B.To prove the necessity of the project. |
C.To call on more people to join the project. | D.To state the economic benefit of the project. |
A.It is offered enough material support. | B.It is a governmental rescue operation. |
C.It is tough but rewarding in the long term. | D.It is expected to protect the whole barrier reef. |
3 . From the giant armadillo (仇狳) to the giant bison (野牛), many large plant eaters have been wiped out in the past 50,000 years. Now a study has found that the continents that lost the most of these giant herbivores (食草动物) had the biggest increases in wildfires in grasslands.
“There is evidence today that herbivores can limit fire by reducing the fuel load,” says Allison Karp at Yale University. In fact, some supporters of rewilding argue that restoring large herbivores can help reduce wildfires.
A few studies have already found that there were more fires in specific regions after the loss of giant herbivores during the past 50,000 years. Karp and her colleagues decided to look at the global picture by analyzing two existing databases. One, called HerbiTraits, has information on all herbivores larger than 10 kilograms that have lived in the past 130, 000 years. The other, called the Global Paleofire Database, has records of charcoal deposited (木炭沉积) in lakes from 160 sites worldwide, which show changes in fire activity nearby.
The team found that the biggest increases in fire activity were in the continents that lost the most big herbivores, such as South America, with smaller increases in the continents where there were fewer extinctions, such as in Africa.
Karp says her study cannot tell us anything about the effects of this increased fire activity. But other studies suggest that they were dramatic. After humans wiped out Australia’s giant herbivores, for instance, increased fire activity may have transformed the continent’s vegetation (植被).
The reasons for the loss of so many giant herbivores around the world during this period are still debated. It’s clear that many were hard hit by climate changes related to the last ice age, but human hunting may have been the killer factor in most cases.
1. Why do some people hope to bring in more herbivores?A.To increase forests and grasslands. | B.To reduce wildfires to some degree. |
C.To collect information on all herbivores. | D.To prevent extinctions of smaller animals. |
A.fewer herbivores died out | B.there was thicker vegetation |
C.more plant eaters went extinct | D.there were more charcoal deposits |
A.Increase in wildfire worldwide. | B.Global warming. |
C.Decrease in the grassland. | D.Human hunting. |
A.To introduce the current situation of giant herbivores. |
B.To show the effects giant herbivores have on wildfires. |
C.To explain the importance of wildfires to giant herbivores. |
D.To discover the reasons for the decrease of giant herbivores. |
4 . Tim Berners-Lee, the father of the World Wide Web, once said, “I hope we will use the Net to cross barriers and connect cultures.” Nowadays, how important has Internet become in our lives on earth? The Pew Research Center conducted a survey to celebrate the Web’s 25th birthday. The researchers were greatly heartened by what they found.
“In 2006 only 14 percent of American adults used Internet. Today, it’s 87 percent,” said Lee Rainie, the director of the Pew Research Center’s Internet Project. “It is what has impressed us the most.”
The survey also showed that 70 percent of the Internet users have been treated kindly or generously online, while 25 percent of respondents said they have been treated unkindly. More than half—56 percent—of users said they’ve seen an online community come together to help someone solve a problem. 25 percent said they’ve left an online group because members were too unpleasant.
When Pew asked questions about whether being online has enriched people’s relationships—or not—the results were very positive: 67 percent of Internet users said their online communication with family and friends has generally strengthened those relationships. Only 18 percent said it has generally weakened those relationships.
According to the survey, 53 percent of Internet users said Internet has become the hardest tech tool to give up. It is 15 percent higher than the result of a similar survey conducted in 2006. In fact, more people said they would have a harder time stopping using Internet than giving up TV. (These days, so much great television streams across the Internet that it makes sense.)
“In our survey, we have found that the Web makes a few people very unhappy. There’s strong evidence pointing to the fact that Internet users tend to compare their daily lives with the highlight moments’ of their friends’ lives,” said Lee Rainie. “It’s really silly.”
1. Why is Tim Berners-Lee’s quote mentioned?A.He is the father of the Web. | B.The reality is opposite to his hope. |
C.It reveals the significance of the Net. | D.Barriers about the Net remain to be solved. |
A.Severe addiction to the Internet. | B.Kind and generous communities. |
C.The improved family relationships. | D.A growing number of Internet users. |
A.stating the arguments | B.giving examples | C.analyzing reasons | D.listing data |
A.It’s harder to give up TV than Internet. |
B.To satisfy all users is the goal of the Web. |
C.It’s advised to treat posts with an ordinary mind. |
D.Posting daily highlights online should be forbidden. |
5 . The following charities advocate protecting our precious environment. It’s a starting place, but don’t stop here.
Rocky Mountain Institute
Rocky Mountain Institute has made notable achievements in its comparatively short history. In2017, it worked with India’s leadership and government to plan for 100% vehicle electrification(电气化) by 2030. They also provided research that resulted in new U. S. fuel-efficiency standards for trucks, which were expected to cut over one billion tons of CO₂ emissions. Its five-year plan to quicken low-carbon energy transition (转变) was published in early 2018.
Greenpeace Fund
Although Greenpeace solves many environmental problems such as deforestation (滥伐森林) and sustainable food, it has worked to address issues with oceans for decades: plastic pollution, offshore drilling, saving the Arctic, and more. Greenpeace has grown from a small group of activists protesting nuclear testing in 1971 to an international organization with offices in over fifty countries.
Center for Biological Diversity
Founded in 1989, the Center for Biological Diversity uses biological data and legal knowledge to obtain new protections for plants, animals, and their habitats. Its story began with some young students, an ancient tree in Mexico, and a spotted owl’s nest. Its first campaign saved both the tree and the owl. And they continue to grow by expanding territory, staff, and outreach (外展服务).
Sierra Club Foundation
The Sierra Club has been working to protect the environment and its people since 1892. It helped pass the Clean Air and Endangered Species Acts, enabled the creation of many national parks, and worked to move hundreds of coal plants towards clean energy. It also offers environmentally friendly wilderness outings to encourage people to get outdoors. People can take an international trip to study wildlife in Cuba.
1. Which organization has focused on the oceans for many years?A.Rocky Mountain Institute | B.Greenpeace Fund |
C.Center for Biological Diversity | D.Sierra Club Foundation |
A.It aims to expand territory for Mexico. | B.It is targeted at collecting biological data. |
C.Its foundation was inspired by some students. | D.Its symbol contains an ancient tree and an owl. |
A.They both push for the use of green energy. |
B.They both apply the new standard for vehicles. |
C.They both have founded numerous national parks. |
D.They both encourage humans to go outing in the wild. |
6 . Two and a half months before the 2024 Atlantic hurricane season officially begins, and almost six months before it enters its peak (高峰), weathermen are already predicting (预测) that it could be particularly active.
Officially, hurricane season begins from June 1 and runs through November. One reason is that sea surface temperatures in the tropical (热带的) Atlantic are already at record highs.
Meanwhile, another significant potential factor in this year’s hurricane season is taking shape thousands of miles away in the Pacific. Over periods ranging from three to seven years, the waters of the central and eastern tropical Pacific Ocean warm and cool in turn as a result of a repeating climate pattern called the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). El Niño makes Atlantic hurricanes less likely to form but La Niña does.
During the 2023 season, ENSO was in an El Niño period. However, by the time the 2024 season starts, it will have changed into a “neutral(中立)” period, but that by the peak months, it is likely to have changed fully into a La Niña.
“How quickly that change occurs can affect everything as well,” says DaSilva, a lead hurricane weatherman. “There’s a lag time. So, while we expect the change to occur in mid-summer, it may not be until late summer or fall where we really see those effects across the Atlantic basin.” As a result, he says, this year’s hurricane season could remain particularly active deep into November.
Of course, no report can predict when individual storms will come or the paths they will take, but DaSilva warns that those who live in areas likely to suffer hurricanes, especially around the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico, should prepare. “If a tropical storm system comes into this area, it could rapidly strengthen, potentially close to land,” he also warns. “And that’s why people need to be careful and have their hurricane plans ready. Because any system with these kinds of conditions can explode very quickly. That’s what we’re concerned about.”
1. What is the function of Paragraph 1?A.To give advice. | B.To explain the season. |
C.To introduce the topic. | D.To inform a weather report. |
A.The hurricane season has entered its peak. |
B.A repeating climate has changed weather in summer. |
C.The sea surface temperatures are the highest of all time. |
D.El Niño makes Atlantic hurricanes more likely to form. |
A.A time delay. | B.A time in a zone. |
C.A time waste. | D.A time in advance. |
A.It can be exactly predicted ahead of time. |
B.People needn’t worry about hurricane season. |
C.It may be eventually controlled by weathermen. |
D.People can’t be more careful about hurricane season. |
7 . Zong Qinghou, a soft drinks giant from Hangzhou, Zhejiang province, died of an illness at the age of 79. There has been much mourning at his passing on Feb. 25, 2024 as he was well-known as the founder of a company, headquartered in his hometown in the late 1980s, which later developed into the Wahaha Group, a major soft drinks company.
He is known to the public for three things — his rags-to-riches rise, his long-term frugal (节俭的) lifestyle, and his devotion to promoting China’s national industries. Forbes ranked him, with a wealth of about $5.9 billion, No.53 among Chinese billionaires last year.
Yet besides, it is also worthwhile to think over the question about whether his success in business can be imitated today and what lessons policymakers can learn from his self-made business success as they try to enrich the soil for setting up business.
Before winning a contract (合同) to work as a salesperson of a small school-run factory selling writing materials, iced treats and soft drinks in Hangzhou in 1987, Zong worked as a traveling salesman for nearly a decade after working for 15 years on various posts in local farming communities with Grade-9 education.
His sharp business sense, which he owed to poverty instead of the genes (基因) of the Zhejiang business community, enabled him to recognize business opportunities at a time when the country had just carried out the change from a planned economy to a socialist market one.
The broad space he enjoyed as a sales representative of the factory enabled him to continuously sharpen his sales strategies and enlarge his network of business partners. That not only helped him gather the start-up funds he later used to contract the whole factory, but also influenced his later management style, which he summed up as always trying to make things simpler.
As he told the media, it is the spirit of adventure of his generation and their down-to-earth work style that deserve attention, not his lifestyle, which was a personal choice.
1. Which aspect of Zong Qinghou does Paragraph 2 focus on?A.His habits. | B.His interest. |
C.His lifestyle. | D.His achievements. |
A.To tell how he won contracts. | B.To tell how different his life was. |
C.To show the ways to run a business. | D.To show its influence on his business. |
A.His sharp sense in business. | B.His broad space and freedom. |
C.His long-term simple lifestyle. | D.His business community’s genes. |
A.Modest. | B.Determined. | C.Knowledgeable. | D.Humorous. |
8 . Have you ever wondered why you want to do something, or what causes people to go through extraordinary pain or personal investment just to achieve a particular outcome?
Motivation is the reason for people’s actions, goals, and willingness to pursue the goals. Sometimes it seems difficult to find, but we all have that spark at our core. Here are some ways you can turn that spark back into a flame.
Keep a thankfulness journal.
Design an accomplishment book. Creative people may do well to design an accomplishment book with images of past work and accomplishments as a form of encouragement. It can be as informal or formal as you’d like. It might be a simple scrapbook you keep at your desk, or a professionally printed booklet that you keep by your bed.
Get out of the house. If your life consists of going to work, coming home, watching Netflix, and going to sleep, you shouldn’t be surprised that you’re unmotivated.
A.What’s the possible solution? |
B.Identify when motivation slips. |
C.What’s at the heart of this issue? |
D.Decide what works best for you and give it a try. |
E.A thankfulness journal is a perfect way to show your gratitude to others. |
F.Some people find that thankfulness and motivation are directly connected. |
G.Make it a point to go outdoors and try new things even when you don’t want to. |
9 . Restrictive uniforms could be preventing primary school pupils, especially girls, from being physically active, research suggests. In countries where most schools require students to wear uniforms, fewer young people reach the World Health Organization’s minimum recommendation of 60 minutes of physical activity a day across a whole week, according to a study by the University of Cambridge.
There was a greater difference between girls and boys of primary-school age in countries where uniforms were common. The finding was not copied among children of secondary-school age. This may be owing to the exercise younger children get throughout the day — for example, through running, climbing and active play at break and lunchtimes. The findings confirm earlier evidence that girls feel less comfortable participating in active play if they are wearing certain types of clothing such as skirts or dresses.
Dr. Mairead Ryan, a researcher at the institute of education and MRC unit at Cambridge, said, “ Schools often prefer to use uniforms for various reasons. We are not trying to suggest a blanket ban on them, but to present new evidence to support decision-making. School communities could consider design, and whether specific characteristics of a uniform might either encourage or restrict any opportunities for physical activity.”
A 2021 study in England found the design of girls’ PE uniforms prevented students from participating in certain activities. Other studies have suggested girls are much shyer about taking part in physical activity when wearing uniforms in which they do not feel comfortable. Dr. Esther van Sluijs, senior author and MRC investigator (调查员), said, “Girls might feel less confident about doing things like cartwheels and tumbles in the playground, or riding a bike on a windy day if they are wearing a skirt or dress. Social expectations tend to influence what they feel they can do in these clothes. Unfortunately, when it comes to promoting physical health, that’s a problem.”
The WHO recommends that young people get 60 minutes of at least moderate-intensity (中等强度) physical activity a day. The Cambridge study confirmed previous observations that most children and teenagers were not meeting this recommendation — especially girls, who have a gap of 7.6 percentage points with boys.
1. What is the author’s purpose of writing Paragraph 1?A.To state the findings. | B.To make a comparison. |
C.To explain a phenomenon. | D.To justify an assumption. |
A.They have less physical activity daily. |
B.They have much labor work at school. |
C.Certain uniforms limit their physical activity. |
D.Certain uniforms make them act well in active play. |
A.It’s better to restrict physical activity. |
B.It’s better to support decision-making. |
C.Uniforms should be banned strictly in schools. |
D.Schools should think about the uniform design. |
A.Proper uniforms can set students free |
B.Schools are responsible for uniforms |
C.Students can benefit a lot from uniforms |
D.Uniforms may prevent younger girls from being active |
10 . The Forest Eye project aims to create the largest living forest feature in England by growing 5,000 alder, beech and maple trees into the shape of a child’s eye. The trees are being planted in Dalby Forest, North Yorkshire, with the help of local young people. The trees will form an eye 300 meters wide that will be visible from the sky in about six years, when they have grown.
The project hopes to focus on the importance of young people’s ideas for creating a health y natural environment. It was designed by a company called Sand in Your Eye and has been created by Forestry England, an organization that protects forests and woodlands.
Josephine Lavelle, director at Forestry England, says, “Having the gaze of a child growing in the heart of this beautiful and ever-changing forest is a powerful symbol of how we need to listen and respond to the needs and vision of future generations.”
The project also aims to highlight the important role that forests play in fighting climate change. As well as providing a home for wildlife, trees absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and create oxygen that humans need to breathe. When the trees have grown, they will provide a place for lots of wild animals, like bats, birds and small mammals to live. The Forest Eye will also create a space for people to explore and connect with nature.
Jamie Wardley, artistic director at Sand in Your Eye, has plenty of experience creating pieces of “land art”. These are huge drawings and sculptures made from grass, ice and sand, including a 60-meter portrait of Swedish climate-change campaigner Greta Thunberg on a school field in Yorkshire. He says, “The trees are my paint.” “Our work is about prompting people to think deeply and respond emotionally to some of the biggest issues facing us, including the climate crisis.” Wardley also plans to develop the Forest Eye into an even bigger project. “It is our ambition to create the whole face of a young girl at the same scale, measuring 2,000 meters across. Those trees that are planted in the Forest Eye are the very beginning of this,” he says.
1. What can we know about the project?A.It is planting trees to form an eye. | B.It is aimed at creating artworks. |
C.It is proposed by the local youth. | D.It is carried out in the largest forest. |
A.The argument for the project. | B.The benefits of tree. |
C.The value of children’s ideas. | D.The fight against climate change. |
A.Ignorant. | B.Adventurous. | C.Emotional. | D.Creative. |
A.Land arts take off | B.Tree planting catches on |
C.Giant eye planting kicks off | D.Environmental groups spring up |