1 . Interlibrary Loan is the service that the Osterhout Free Library offers for free to our patrons (顾客). You can use Interlibrary Loan to borrow an item (books, DVDs, music CDs, etc.) from within the continental 48 states if it is unavailable in the Luzerne County Library System.

How to request an Interlibrary Loan item
·To request an Interlibrary Loan item, you must either call the Osterhout Free Library, or come to our Information Services Desk.
·You must know exactly what item(s) you would like. We do not accept requests for general topics, for instance, “I would like books on antique cars.”
·Be sure to check the Luzerne County Library System’s catalog before asking Interlibrary Loan for an item.
Interlibrary Loan Processing
·When a patron requests Interlibrary Loan items, they are allowed to request more than one item, but there is a maximum of 5 requests in the system per patron.
·When the item comes in, the patron will be contacted via phone to ask him/her to pick it up. If the item is not able to be obtained, the patron will be notified via e-mail.
·If you wish to renew your Interlibrary Loan item, you must call us at least one week before the due date.
Interlibrary Loan Penalties (处罚)
·Interlibrary Loan overdue fees are $0.50/day per item.
·The following actions will result in an additional $3.00 per item fine:

(1)Returning an Interlibrary Loan item to any library other than the Osterhout Free Library.

(2)Returning an Interlibrary Loa n item without the paperwork with the due date.

1. What is a must when you borrow a book from Interlibrary Loan?

A．Renewing the book 3 days in advance.	B．Specifying your desired book.
C．Visiting the Osterhout Free Library.	D．Giving priority to Interlibrary Loan.

2. What’s a privilege for patrons of the Osterhout Free Library?

A．Being reminded of an unavailable item by e-mail.

B．Borrowing at least 5 items at a time.

C．Being given unlimited renewal of an item.

D．Having a free delivery service.

3. How much fine will you pay for just an item’s delayed return for 2 weeks?

A．$4.	B．$6.5.
C．$7.	D．$3.5.

2 . The ocean depths contain the metals needed for the widespread use of battery-dependent technologies like electric vehicles, which will help reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Interested parties see this as a solution to our technological demands and the pressing need for a “green transition”. However, it raises a crucial question: should we mine the deepest stretches of the world’s oceans?

Some scientists and activists warn that seabed mining could cause an irreversible (不可逆的) chain reaction, severely harming the ocean and threatening entire ecosystems on the ocean floor. There are also potential risks to our health, including toxic metals entering the human food chain, and affecting climate change. The most significant direct impact of mining in remote ecosystems is the probable loss of habitat and biodiversity.

Dr Chong Chen is a deep sea biologist at the Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC). “There are undoubtedly many undiscovered species with abilities and functions that we cannot even imagine exist,” he says, “and we could lose them without knowing they ever existed.”

The mining process also disturbs seabed sediments (沉积物) and releases them back into the sea, raising additional concerns among scientists. Mining is for metals, whose stability of the construction are unchecked. “Some of those may be broken down and be directly into the water column,” says Jeffrey Drazen, professor of Oceanography with the University of Hawaii at Manoa. “Some of these metals are toxic to life.” says Professor Drazen. At the same time, he acknowledges the core challenge is ensuring whether the benefits of extracting (提取) deep-sea mineral resources outweigh the potential harm to our ecosystem. He notes that it’s a tough choice.

The positive development is that, for the first time, companies, governments, and civil society are actively participating in international discussions to create rules and regulations for the deep-sea mining industry before it begins.

1. What’s the purpose of the last sentence in Paragraph 1?

A．To introduce the topic.	B．To give some evidence.
C．To define the phenomenon.	D．To reveal the conception.

2. What does the underlined word “those” in Paragraph 4 mean?

A．Sediments.

B．Seabed.

C．Metals.

D．Mineral resources.

3. What can be inferred from the text?

A．The deep-sea mining will not do more harm than good to the people.

B．The deep-sea mining has a big impact on ecosystem and human beings.

C．A regulatory framework for the deep-sea mining industry has been established.

D．Many undiscovered species are bound to extinct according to Dr Chong Chen.

4. What is Professor Drazen’s attitude towards the deep-sea mining?

A．Skeptical.

B．Objective.

C．Indifferent.

D．Positive.

3 . The Canadian town of Churchill is well-known for its arctic (北极的) wilderness. This town of extremes is home to about 900 year-round residents. However, 500, 000 tourists, more or less, flood here throughout the year.

In this setting, there’s a special find in a simple shipping container just outside the town. It’s a new project called Rocket Greens, led by the Churchill Northern Studies Centre(CNSC). Rocket Greens has successfully demonstrated the possibility of planting fresh, leafy produce regardless of seasons or weather conditions.

Erin Greene, a Churchill resident since 2015, became one of the first subscribers to Rocket Greens’s CSA (Community Supported Agriculture) program. “When I first moved here, it was very hard to get good-quality fruits and vegetables. We would never get fresh herbs and never see things like Swiss chard or kale,” recalls Greene, who says she now maintains a healthier diet and has become more self-sufficient as a result of the program.

In addition to Rocket Greens, CNSC has set up a seeding project for community garden support. This involves planting seedlings during the late fall and early spring that have been distributed to local community members free of charge in summer. Due to the short growing season and the challenging agricultural conditions, this seeding project offers a head start. “Community members can receive plants at no charge. It’s an educational tool to learn how to seed a field properly and how to grow your own food in your own home,” explains Dylan McCart, director of CNSC. This year’s seeding program will include a variety of crops such as peas, corn and peppers to make up for the traditional vegetables that are typically planted during Churchill summers.

“Considering the challenges of operating in a remote location like Churchill, we were one of the first ones to be able to do it, so it’s great that we were able to have that vision at that time. And it’s still successful today,” McCart says.

1. Why are so many people attracted to Churchill?

A．They want to live in the wilds.	B．They like to enjoy the unique scenery.
C．They can taste fresh produce from the locals.	D．They wish to become members of Rocket Greens.

2. What is the author’s purpose in mentioning Erin Greene?

A．To advertise the lifestyles of locals.	B．To show the diversity of local food.
C．To prove the difficulty of living there.	D．To illustrate the effects of the program.

3. Which can best describe the seeding project?

A．It adds fuel to the fire.	B．It teaches a man to fish.
C．It pulls a rabbit out of the hat.	D．It kills the goose that lays the golden egg.

4. How does McCart feel about the seeding project?

A．Curious.

B．Relieved.

C．Astonished.

D．Proud.

4 . Many dishes make up the world of Garifuna food, but hudutu is probably its signature (明显的特色). The dish is closest to Yolanda Castillo’s heart.

The head chef of Chicago’s Garifuna Flava, Castillo developed a love for food earlier. It was in her native country of Belize that she learned the secrets of making hudutu. “My mom showed me the traditional way of cooking our Garifuna food.” she says.

After moving to Chicago with her husband, Castillo stayed true to her roots, gathering family members for grand meals. Not a single visit happened without someone praising Castillo’s ability to copy her mother’s traditional Garifuna recipes.

“My husband would always say, ‘One day, I’m going to open a restaurant for her.’” Castillo says. In 2008, the couple’s restaurant, Garifuna Flava, opened its doors in Chicago. In addition to Garifuna food, Garifuna Flava serves up Belizean food like rice and beans. “It’s amazing to see how many people from around the world have been here to taste our Garifuna food.” she says.

“Garifuna food, in particular, tells us a Caribbean story and a Central American story,” says López Oro, whose work focuses on later generations of Garifuna immigrants.(移民) “It gives us an opportunity to really think about the generational history of Garifuna migration.”

Though hudutu requires much work, Castillo uses a food processor to speed things up. The more hudutu she’s able to make, the more she’s able to sell—increasing the possibility of introducing the food to a wider, ever-hungry audience.

“I think people are really devoted to making hudutu a household name,” says López Oro, referring to the dish and the urgency many Garinagu feel about protecting their history, in part, through their food’s most famous dish.

1. What did Yolanda Castillo do after settling in Chicago?

A．She gathered families every weekend.	B．She maintained the traditions of the food.
C．She developed a true love for cooking.	D．She got married with Rhodel Castillo.

2. What can we know about Garifuna Flava?

A．It has received diners from many countries.	B．It was passed down from Castillo’s mother.
C．It primarily serves people rice and beans.	D．It has already become a tourist attraction.

3. What can we infer about Garifuna food from the words of López Oro?

A．It is easy for people to cook by themselves.	B．It has been well-protected throughout history.
C．It inspired him to study the Garifuna history.	D．It reflects the mixture of different cultures.

4. Why does Castill o use a food processor to make hudutu?

A．To promote Garifuna food more efficiently.	B．To follow health tendency in the food industry.
C．To increase the real income of her restaurant.	D．To improve the appeal of hudutu worldwide.

5 . You might have heard of the expression “a guilty pleasure”—maybe it’s the chocolate bar you buy on the way home from work, or the new clothes that you don’t really need.     1     . Perhaps we don’t feel we deserved it, or we don’t think it was a responsible way to spend our money. But should we feel like this? Do we really have to feel guilty about treating ourselves?

Perhaps not. Psychologists have suggested that buying things for yourself can make you feel better as it provides an opportunity to take control of your situation.    2     . It may be that as well as lifting your mood, when you buy a treat, you might just be looking after yourself.

Of course, there are also examples of people turning to destructive behaviour when faced with stressful circumstances. People might spend money that they don’t have or turn to dangerous addictions. Psychologist Leon Seltzer considers the difference between self-indulgence and self-nurturing.    3     , while self-nurturing is taking responsible decisions to satisfy our needs and take care of ourselves in ways that don’t have a significant impact.

    4    . So, many universities publish guides with advice for coping with exam stress. Reflecting the difference between self-indulgence and self-nurture, they recommend rewarding yourself for your efforts, doing things that you enjoy and are good at so that you can feel accomplishment.    5     . Thus, perhaps, as long as we make responsible decisions, we shouldn’t feel guilty about our guilty pleasures.

A．Exams are vital for students.

B．Self-indulgence can have negative consequences

C．The difference becomes evident when students manage exam pressure

D．They also recommend embracing activities that could dampen your spirits

E．Besides, you should avoid things that may make you feel worse afterwards

F．It comes from the idea that when we treat ourselves, it can sometimes leave us feeling guilty

G．It can give you social contact as well as a confidence boost from changes you make to your self-image

6 . A few useful sketching (素描) tips can often generate rewarding results. If you are a beginner, you should find something useful from the tips below.

Know your pencils. Having the right pencil to begin drawing your pencil sketch is one of the most essential sketching tips. Pencils differ in lead (铅笔芯).     1    : “B” pencil s are softer, “H” are harder, and “HB” sits in the middle. It is recommended to start somewhere on the H scale as a foundation and then finish with the darker B scale.

    2    . If you position your hand closer to the end of the pencil, you have more control and precision, but darker markings. Gripping (握) further up the pencil will give you less control and precision, but lighter markings.

Vary your lines. Not all lines are equal. Small shifts in the width and darkness of your lines will create a dynamic drawing.     3    . However, with practice you will be able to create a variety of marks that work together to make an impressive image. Experiment with different pencil grades and with holding the pencil at different angles.

Apply the 70/30 rule in your sketching.     4    ! The 70/30 rule helps you create effective compositions. The idea is that 30 per cent of your sketch is filled with the main focus and detail, and the remaining 70 per cent is filler. This less interesting area helps direct attention towards the main subject of your artwork.

Try different mark-making methods. There are plenty of sketching tips and techniques to help you achieve different styles and effects.     5    .

A．Take control of your pencil

B．Choose the right length of the pencil

C．Actually, such drawings are very easy to produce

D．One of the most vital sketching tips is that less can be more

E．The hardness of the lead is indicated on the side of the pencil

F．It’s significant to experiment and find what works best for you

G．Controlling the kind of mark you put down can be tricky at first

7 . Around and around they go — dogs are often seen chasing (追逐) their tails. There are several possible reasons for this behavior, as well as ways to thwart it.

Puppies and younger dogs may simply chase their own tails for fun. Puppies, especially, may not yet realize their tails are actually part of their own bodies.

Boredom may be another reason, especially when dogs are left alone for a long time. “Anytime a dog is not enriched or exercised fully, they have the potential to be bored,” Russell Hartstein, a dog behavioral consultant said. For these dogs, a simple solution may be to play fetch or take a walk. Most dogs would rather chase a ball than their own tails.

Another reason dogs may chase their tails is to seek attention. A dog’s owner may have rewarded this behavior by laughing or praising it. Even blaming a dog for tail chasing may draw attention that enhances this behavior. To control tail chasing, ignore the behavior while otherwise supplying the dog with a healthy amount of attention.

Unluckily, a number of physical diseases are linked with tail chasing. An injury to the tail, itching; or reaction to some food may cause dogs to bite or chase their tails. If dogs suddenly start chasing or biting their tails, the owners should schedule a visit with their vet.

“Interestingly, we found that dogs that received dietary supplements (补充剂), especially vitamins and minerals, expressed less tail chasing compared to dogs that did not receive any supplements,” Hartstein said. “In addition, compared with dogs that didn’t chase their tails, tail chasers were often shyer and had separated earlier from their mothers.”

If a dog is otherwise healthy, “practicing dog training and engaging their mental and emotional aspects of their lives will help stop tail chasing,” Hartstein said. “There’s no harm in training more with your dog and making sure they are fulfilled and enriched in every way possible.”

1. What does the underlined word “thwart” in paragraph 1 probably mean?

A．Punish.

B．Record.

C．Convey.

D．Handle.

2. What can be learned about dog’s chasing its tail from Para.5?

A．It is a normal scene for fun.	B．It is an indication of lacking exercise.
C．It is a sign of a problem.	D．It is a behavior of seeking attention.

3. What may be Hartstein’s suggestion?

A．Practicing dog training at the vet’s.	B．Encouraging dogs to chase tails to relax.
C．Giving dogs a small number of vitamins.	D．Getting puppies independent as early as possible.

4. What can be the best title for the text?

A．Why Do Dogs Chase Their Tails?	B．Can Dogs Communicate by Tails?
C．What Functions Do Dog Tails Have?	D．Does Every Dog Like Chasing Its Tail?

8 . Tobacco ruins lives, leading to over 400,000 hospital admissions a year, and ultimately kills two in three lifetime smokers.

Over the coming weeks, MPs (议员) will debate new laws to create a “smoke-free generation”, meaning no one born on or after 1 January, 2009, can be legally sold a cigarette. This is a truly transformative piece of public health policy that could see an end to tobacco use in England.

The policy will see the legal age for being sold tobacco rise by one year each year from 2027. While the proposed age increase approach is novel, we know that raising the age of purchasing works. Smoking rates dropped by 30 per cent among young people within a year when the legal age increased from 16 to 18 in 2007. The drop was closer to 40 per cent among the target age group when it was raised from 18 to 21 in the US.

There are concerns among some that the new policy could drive an illegal market, but the evidence doesn’t back this up.

Since 2000 the illegal market for tobacco has declined from 22 per cent to 11 per cent despite raising the age of purchasing to 18, banning smoking in public places, introducing plain packaging, and continued price rises. Furthermore, the focus of the policy is to prevent people taking up smoking — no one who can currently buy tobacco will be unable to do so — making it unlikely there will be an increased demand for illegal tobacco.

Online sales may also present their own difficulty as the new policy comes into force, with digital retailers (零售商) having responsibility to check on the age of customers remotely. The government is promising “enhancing online age verification (验证)” but it would be far simpler to ban online tobacco sales altogether, as recommended in a recent independent government review.

1. Who will be restricted by the new policy?

A．Heavy smokers.	B．Cigarette sellers.
C．The tobacco growers.	D．The tobacco advertisers.

2. What is mainly talked about in paragraph 3?

A．The benefit of the policy.	B．The novelty of the policy.
C．The target people of the policy.	D．The content of the policy.

3. What do some people worry about?

A．The price of tobacco will go up.	B．More people will pick up smoking.
C．The tax from tobacco may decrease.	D．The illegal tobacco markets will boom.

4. What will happen to online tobacco sales with the new policy in effect?

A．It will encounter resistance.	B．It will face a new challenge.
C．It will have simplified process.	D．It will make more profits.

9 . American Unique Buildings

The country’s full of awe—inspiring natural wonders, but those made by man (and woman) are equally impressive. The architect behind a design or the creation’s history or purpose are all elements that may prove particularly attractive. These following buildings are all well worth visiting.

Bradbury Building

Los Angeles

Glancing at the Bradbury Building, built in 1893, the oldest commercial building in L.A., you may say: “OK, it’s a 19th-century relic.” Step inside and you will be surprised by the light-filled Victorian court, a wonder of open—cage elevators, marble stairs, and splendid iron barriers. Its architectural history is debatable — Sumner Hunt’s designs seem to have been completed by George H. Wyman, who monitored the construction.

Vizcaya Museum and Gardens

Miami

Built in 1916, the Vizcaya Museum and Gardens, formerly Villa Vizcaya, is the one-time winter home of businessman James Deering. On Biscayne Bay in the Coconut Grove neighborhood, the early 20th-century property features Italian Renaissance (文艺复兴) gardens, native woodlands, and a complex of historic outbuildings. The property designed by Paul Chalfin is today operated by Miami-Dade County.

Rogers Building

Orlando

The 132-year-old, Queen Anne-style structure, now housing an art gallery but a one-time home to cocktail-and-gaming clubs, was donated to the City of Orlando in 2018 earlier by Ford Kiene. The restriction that it must remain an arts and culture center for at least 20 years ensures public access for the near future.

Griffith Observatory

Los Angeles

It’s possible to see the stars at this destination that includes sweeping views of the city and the Hollywood sign, and has a planetarium (天文馆) to boot. It’s been a draw for its construction style sign its 1935 opening, with a $93 million expansion completed in 2006.

1. Which of the following places has the shortest history?

A．Bradbury Building.	B．Griffith Observatory.
C．Rogers Building.	D．Vizcaya Museum and Gardens.

2. What can we learn about Rogers Building?

A．It used to be an art gallery.	B．It was expanded in 1892.
C．It was once privately owned.	D．It has been a culture center for 20 years.

3. In which column can this text probably be read?

A．Business.

B．Travel.

C．Science.

D．Education.

10 . Compared with Americans, people in Okinawa, 1, 000 miles south of Tokyo, are three times more likely to become centenarians (百岁老人) , according to professor Dan Buettner’s research. The centenarians garden, sing, laugh and play. For most of the city dwellers (居民) who are busy working, it’s not possible to live like that.     1     Here are some ways that Buettner find those centenarians keep.

    2       

For those who don’t like the gym, you may be inspired by the way the centenarians bring movement into their everyday routines.     3     “A garden pushes you to weed, water and harvest almost every day, which keeps you moving,” Buettner says. “I also talked with a 104-year-old woman who got up and down the floor 30 times, making for better balance and flexibility,” Buettner recalls.

They reduce meat for a plant-forward approach.

The typical diet in America includes 220 pounds of meat per year. per person.     4     “About 1/10th of what we eat,” Buettner says. In Okinawa, tofu is often eaten twice a day, mixed with vegetables. And a key principle of eating there is to stop when you’re 80% full. Mindful eating has been shown to help people have moderate intake.

They give loneliness the boot and become joiners.

Buettner describes a woman named Panchita who was well over 100 years old. She didn’t feel lonely at all because, her 85-year-old son biked to her house to help feed the chickens each day. In return, she cooked him some beans and some rice. They both found happiness in doing so. “There’s this beautiful symbiosis (共生) .     5     ” Buettner says.

A．They depend on each other.

B．They eat as little as they can.

C．They build movement into their days.

D．They plant a garden in their backyard.

E．But we can learn from their simple habits.

F．Those centenarians only consume 20 pounds a year.

G．Much of their intake is from whole plant-based foods.