1 . If you’ve ever had trouble getting your teen up in the morning or you’ve seen your teen fall asleep during the school day, you’re not alone. Many teens have difficulty in waking up early for school, and that’s because they sleep late at night.

The American Academy of Pediatrics’ Adolescent Sleep Working Group reviewed studies about sleep in teens. Researchers studied the harmful effects of not getting enough sleep-anything less than 8.5 to 9 hours of sleep on school nights-could have on young people. They discovered not getting enough sleep may cause poor grades at school. Not getting enough sleep has also been connected to a higher risk of car accidents in teens.

It may seem as though the way to solve the problem would be for teens to just go to sleep earlier. But researchers say that isn’t likely to work. Teens experience physical changes that make falling asleep earlier difficult. Their biological (生物的) clocks just won't allow them to fall asleep at 8 p.m., even when they’re tired.

Studies have shown that just delaying (推迟) school by 30 minutes can have a great effect on a teen's health and performance. So most researchers suggest the school start time be delayed until at least 8:30 a.m. for teenagers.

Some of the benefits could include:

·Teens may be more likely to get the necessary amount of sleep.

·The delayed start time could help teens sleep during their natural sleep.

·Teens may be less likely to depend on coffee to stay awake during the day.

·Enough sleep could help teens study better in class, which could help them do better in exams.

·Sleeping longer could reduce health problems caused by a lack of sleep in the long run.

·Getting home later in the afternoon may reduce the amount of time when some teens are home alone, and could reduce the possibility that tens will take part in unhealthy activities.

But doing that can also cause some problems.

1. What does Paragraph 1 show?

A．Many teens find school too boring.

B．Many teens fail to get enough sleep.

C．Today’s teens have many difficulties.

D．Today’s teens are too lazy to get up early.

2. What do researchers of the Adolescent Sleep Working Group find?

A．Today’s teens have poor grades at school.

B．Teens should get at least 8.5 hours of sleep daily.

C．Today’s teens are in danger because of car accidents.

D．Teens can be negatively influenced by not getting enough sleep.

3. Why can’t teens fall asleep earlier?

A．Because their homework is too much,

B．Because they love staying up late at night.

C．Because their physical changes make it hard.

D．Because they have unbalanced biological clocks.

4. What would the text most probably talk about next?

A．The disadvantages of starting school later.

B．The benefits of getting enough sleep for students.

C．The methods of helping students get enough sleep.

D．The advantages of putting off the school start time.

2 . Running is a very popular sport. Millions of people run because they enjoy it or want to be in good physical shape. A runner does not need special skills or equipment.    1    .

Daily running improves a person's physical condition. It helps oxygen circulate (循环) through your body and makes your heart and leg muscles stronger.    2    .What's more, running helps you control your weight because when you run, you burn up the fat in your body.   

Many runners like taking part in long distance races like marathons (马拉松).     3    .They are held in many cities all over the world. For a good runner, taking part in a famous marathon is an honour of a running career.

There are no official world records in marathon races because courses are different all over the world.     4    . However, sometimes a course may be hilly with lots of ups and downs. Bad weather with a lot of wind and rain also makes it more difficult for runners to achieve good results.

    5    .Don't start to fast, or you will become tired very quickly and can't continue. This is called "hitting the wall". In most cases, runners then give up completely. On the other hand, you shouldn't start too slowly, or you won't reach the time limit you want to achieve.

A．He needs to be well-prepared and train a lot.

B．Marathons are the most popular running events.

C．During a marathon, you should keep a right pace.

D．Sometimes the raceway is flat and runners run faster.

E．The fastest marathon race took place in Berlin in 2018.

F．He only needs a pair of trainers and comfortable clothes.

G．It also helps you fight off stress after a tiring day in school or at work.

3 . Frank Woolworth was born in Rodman, New York, in 1852. His family were very poor farmers, and there was never enough to eat. Frank did not want to be a farmer. He took a short business course, and went to work as a salesman in a large city.
Woolworth realized he had a natural skill for showing goods to attract people’s interest, but he soon learned something more important. One day his boss told him to sell some odds and ends（小商品）for as much as he could get. Frank put all these things on one table with a sign which said “FIVE CENTS EACH’. People fought and pushed to buy the things and the table was soon cleared.
Soon afterwards, Woolworth opened his own store, selling goods at five and ten cents. But he had another lesson to learn before he became successful. That is, if you want to make money by selling low-price goods, you have to buy them in large quantities directly from the factories. Once, for example, Woolworth went to Germany and placed an order for knives. The order was so large that the factory had to keep running 24 hours a day for a whole year. In this way, the price of the knives was cut down by half.
By 1919, Woolworth had over 1000 stores in the US and Canada, and opened his first store in London. He made many millions and his name became famous throughout the world. He always ran his business according to strict rules, of which the most important was : ‘THE CUSTOMER IS ALWAYS RIGHT.”
1. Frank took a short business course in order to __________.

A．earn more money for his family

B．learn something from a salesman

C．get away from the farm

D．get enough to eat

2. Frank sold the odds and ends quickly because ________.

A．he knew how to get people to buy his goods

B．he cut down the price by half

C．he had put the goods on a table in a very nice way

D．the sign he put on the table was well designed

3. The price of the knives was cut down by half because _________.

A．the factory workers worked 24 hours a day

B．knives were ordered in large quantities directly from the factory

C．the knives were made in German, where labour was cheap

D．the knives were produced in one factory

4. __________   make Woolworth a world-famous man.

A．His business skills and his wealth

B．The low price of the goods he sold

C．His trip to Germany and his huge order of knives

D．His natural skill for showing things

5. The belief that “The customer is always right” suggests that __________.

A．whenever there is a quarrel between the customer and shop assistant, the customers are always right.

B．If you want to succeed, the rule is the only way

C．stores must always follow the customer’s orders if they want to make more money

D．stores should do their best to meet the customer’s needs if they want to be successful

4 . In England three foreign gentlemen came to a bus stop. They studied the information on the post sign and decided which bus to take. About five minutes later the bus they wanted came along. They prepared to get on. Suddenly people rushed onto the bus and tried to push them out of the way. Someone shouted insulting remarks about the foreigners. The bus conductor came rushing down the stairs to see what all the trouble was about. The three foreign gentlemen looked puzzled and ashamed. No one had told them about the British custom of lining up for a bus so that the first person who arrived at a bus-stop is the first person to get on the bus.
Learning the language of a country isn’t enough. If you want to ensure a pleasant visit, find out as much as possible about the manners and customs of your hosts. You will probably be surprised just how different they can be from your own. A visitor to India would do well to remember that people there consider it impolite to use the left hand for passing food at table. The left hand is supposed to be used for washing yourself. Also in India, You might see a man apparently shaking his head at another and assume (认为) that he is disagreeing. But in many parts of India a rotating (旋转) movement of the head is a gesture that express agreement or acceptance. _________________________________________In that country you shake your head to express “yes” — a nod means “no”.
In Europe it is quite usual to cross your legs when sitting, talking to someone, even at an important meeting. Doing this when meeting an important person in Thailand, however, could cause offence (冒犯). It is considered too informal an attitude for such an occasion. Also when in Thailand avoid touching the head of an adult — it’s just not done. Attitudes to women vary considerably around the world. In Japan, for example, it is quite usual for men to plan evening entertainments for themselves and leave their wives at home.
Knowing about customs and attitudes is useful when you are travelling, but you also need to know the language used to express different degrees of formality (礼节).
1. The three foreign gentlemen looked puzzled and ashamed because ________.

A．they didn’t know the English language

B．the bus conductor told them to jump the queue

C．they didn’t know the custom of lining up for a bus

D．they thought they were looked down upon

2. What’s the meaning of the underlined word “insulting” in Para. 1?

A．Modest.

B．Entertaining.

C．Misunderstanding.

D．Rude.

3. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to this passage?

A．In Europe, using the left hand is considered less respected.

B．In India, the left hand is not used as a sign of respect to others.

C．In Thailand, you’d better cross your legs when sitting or talking.

D．In Japan, it is considered bad manners to touch the head of an adult.

4. The underlined sentence “Nodding your head when offered a drink in Bulgaria is likely to leave you thirsty” means in Bulgaria _______.

A．you are probably thirsty if you nod your head

B．you’re possibly eager to have a drink if you nod your head

C．you probably refuse to drink when you nod your head

D．you’d like to have a cup of tea because you nod your head

5. We can infer from the passage that _________.

A．in Asian countries, women are equal to men in every field

B．learning a language well is a necessity before going abroad

C．attitudes to women vary from country to country

D．in Japan, men are still the centre of the family