1 . If you are looking for a vacation to a beautiful beach town, here you can find the best cities along the East Coast based on a departure (离开) from Los Angeles.
Savannah, Gcorgia
Round-trip flight cost: $ 415
Walking tours of the city’s attractions are led by local historians to help you better know the city’s past and you can see the bench where Forrest Gump sat. There is also a free tour to Forsyth Park, home to a 300-ycar-old Candler Oak tree. Visitors can also stay at the Forsyth Park, which includes a spa, restaurant and cooking school.
Charleston, South Carolina
Round-trip flight cost: $519
You don’t have to travel to Europe to visit one of the world’s best spots. Charleston made Travel and Leisure’s 2018 list of the top 15 international cities. You can enjoy the sunshine for free at Folly Beach and watch the sunset from the dock.
Block Island, Rhode Island
Round-trip flight cost: $358
There are no flights from Los Angeles directly to Block Island, but a round-trip flight to Providence, Rhode Island. There you can make your way to Block Island and visit 1661 Farms and Gardens, which is home to kangaroos, camels, ducks, goats and much more.
Roanoke, Virginia
Round-trip flight cost: $517
Take advantage of the arts and crafts trips, hiking paths and waterfall stops all along the Blue Ridge Parkway. If you don’t want to stay outdoors, visit the Taubman Museum of Art for free. The museum has a collection of over 2,100 pieces from around the world and hosts special exhibits throughout the year.
1. What do tours in Savannah allow visitors to do?A.Learn about the history of the city. |
B.Help plant trees in Forsyth Park. |
C.Attend a cooking school for free. |
D.Watch an open-air movie. |
A.like to enjoy the sunset in the harbor |
B.love to spend time with animals |
C.want to appreciate works of art |
D.prefer enjoying the mountain view |
A.Savannah. | B.Charleston. | C.Block Island. | D.Roanoke. |
2 . Health, as the old saying goes, is over wealth, so it’s of great significance to keep fit. You can take away our money, our house, or our clothes and we can survive.
Eating healthfully is important to maintain one’s health. I try to avoid foods high in fat like French fries or cookies. I also try to limit the amount of animal protein I consume.
Our muscles must continue to be strong to support our body as we age. Exercise helps the bones build density and helps us maintain our posture.
By eating properly and exercising regularly, I can keep my body at an appropriate weight and can maintain my health. By spending time with my friends, I can keep my mind as well as my body happy.
A.It can also strengthen our muscles. |
B.Take away our health and we will die. |
C.Friends are an important part of one’s health. |
D.These are my three secrets to keeping a healthy lifestyle. |
E.Besides, I always stay away from junk food which lacks nutrients. |
F.By joining in relaxing activities, I can refresh myself to study well. |
G.Instead, I eat lots of vegetables and fruit which are rich in fiber and vitamins. |
3 . The food we eat every day keeps us alive, but it can also increase health and environmental costs-heart disease, carbon emissions, and more. For years, health researchers focused on their priorities while environmental scientists were on theirs. And it became increasingly obvious that what we eat is closely connected with planet’s health.
So the researchers of a recent study at the University of Michigan built a system that combined both concerns, looking at health and environmental impacts of specific foods.
The researchers looked at the nutritional makeup of nearly 6000 foods. A hot dog would probably cost someone about 35 minutes of living; but eating most fruits might help someone gain a few extra minutes. In the calculations, apple pie is just about neutral — some boost from the apples, some losses from butter, flour, and sugar.
At the same time, the researchers evaluated the environmental effects of those thousands of food items. They studied different ways the environment absorbed food production’s impact as well.
When researchers looked at both issues at once, an exciting pattern emerged. Many foods good for people’s health were also relatively gentle on the environment. Not surprisingly, beans, vegetables-not those grown in greenhouses, though-and some sustainably farmed seafood like catfish fell in what they termed the “green” zone. “Amber” zone foods, like milk, egg-based foods and greenhouse-grown vegetables balanced health and environmental costs. “Red” zone foods, which included beef, pork, lamb and processed meats, had high health and environmental costs.
There’s no replacement for food, but shifting what we eat is possible. Food choices are personal, deeply connected to culture, religion, emotion, economic concerns, and so much more. “We aim to inform people so that they can make choices that fit with their needs and values.” says Olivier Jolliet one of the researchers. “We don’t all have to adopt a vegetarian diet overnight.” he says. “Small changes can make big impacts.”
1. What do we know about the recent study?A.More is known about the nutritional makeup of foods. |
B.Most foods are beneficial to both health and the planet. |
C.Healthy foods tend to be harmless to the environment. |
D.Research has been done on environmental impacts of foods. |
A.balanced | B.wasteful | C.gentle | D.consuming |
A.Milk. | B.A hot dog. | C.Apple pie. | D.Beans. |
A.They can make a great difference. |
B.They meet people’s needs for food. |
C.They are not suitable for everybody. |
D.They are of great value to researchers. |
4 . Hearing live music may be more emotional than listening to a recording of the same tune because it brings about greater activity in the part of the brain linked to processing emotions:
Sascha Frühholz at the University of Zurich in Switzerland and his team composed 12 pieces of music, each lasting 30 seconds. Half were written with the aim of expressing negative emotions, such as sadness and anger. These were slower, less harmonious and included more minor chords (和弦) than the remaining songs, written to arouse positive emotions.
The researchers then employed 27 people who weren’t musically trained, to listen to these 12 pieces twice — once performed by a live pianist, which the participants heard through a speaker, and once as a recording. The order they listened to them was randomly assigned, with 30 seconds of silence in between. People didn’t know when they were hearing a recording or live music.
While listening to the music, the participants lay in an MRI scanner (扫描仪) so the team could monitor their brain activity. The pianist then adapted the volume and speed of the piece according to the brain activity. For example, if someone was showing little activity in response to a positive piece of music, the pianist might play louder.
“Recorded music is not adaptive to now a listener is responding, but live pianists often adapt the music to the audience to get the best response from them,” says Frühholz.
Live performances of both the negative and positive pieces led to increased brain activity in the left amygdala, the region of the brain that is strongly linked to assigning sensory stimuli, such as sounds, to certain emotions.
The recorded tunes caused much less, and more inconsistent, activity in the left amygdala. This matched how emotive the participants rated each piece of music after the experiment.
The findings show that live music strengthens our emotional response, probably due to its free-flowing and active nature.
1. Which aspect of live music does Sascha Frühholz’s research focus on?A.The technical skill of live musicians. |
B.The popularity of live music concerts. |
C.Its emotional impact on listeners’ brain |
D.Its lack of interaction with the audience |
A.Their harmonious tune. | B.Their emotional performance. |
C.Their adjustment to the listeners. | D.Their connection with the audience. |
A.By analyzing the data. | B.By comparing brain activity. |
C.By grouping the participants. | D.By asking certain questions. |
A.What could live music bring us? |
B.What emotions could live music express? |
C.Why does live music make us so emotional? |
D.Why does live music outweigh recorded music? |
5 . Teen volunteer opportunities are the best way to learn the values of responsibility and enhance problem-solving skills. Here are a few volunteer opportunities for you to take up.
Care for petsAnimal shelters and homeless shelters are the best places for animal lovers. A typical day volunteering at an animal shelter would involve helping with the adoption process, feeding animals and cleaning up after animals.
Participate in a beach cleanupTeens can associate with a local environmental organization for a beach preservation. This is a great way to learn about ecology and contribute to its improvement in a hands-on manner. The opportunity involves outdoor activities and is a good platform to connect with green advocates.
Volunteer at a summer campA job as a ‘Counselor-in-Training’ is a great fit for teens. It teaches them organization skills by training under experts. Teenagers can learn communication skills and benefit from the real-time feedback from children and parents. It is also an excellent opportunity to learn outdoor support skills, such as CPR and first aid.
Volunteer at a local hospitalLocal hospitals are always on the lookout for a helping hand. Whether it’s chatting with residents, greeting visitors or transporting patients to the cafeteria, a little help goes a long way! A few hospitals may have an age limit and require volunteers to get basic training and commit their time each week.
1. Which volunteer opportunity suits environmentalists best?A.Care for pets. | B.Volunteer at a local hospital. |
C.Participate in a beach cleanup. | D.Volunteer at a summer camp. |
A.They can receive guidance from biologists. |
B.They can progress in academic performance. |
C.They can gain independence in outdoor activities. |
D.They can acquire essential emergency medical skills. |
A.It welcomes volunteers of all ages. |
B.It may call for weekly time devotion. |
C.It may involve interactions with doctors. |
D.It demands training before volunteering. |
6 . A new trend has popped up in China with many young people abandoning brand (品牌) names to create makeshift handbags out of things like reusable grocery bags and other materials. One example is the Shenzhen bag, which includes canvas (帆布) bags, paper bags, milk tea packages that people carry around in Guangdong Province.
Makeshift handbags like the “Shenzhen bag” are also common among young people in big cities like Beijing, Shanghai, and Hangzhou. People find the bags practical, wearable and fashionable, and they can be carried on the shoulder or the back. This emerging trend reveals a new attitude to consumption as young people in China begin to pursue a simple and shared life, with consumers no longer blindly pursuing brand names as a status (身份) symbol, but advocating a simple and low-carbon lifestyle. In addition to the handbags, and regardless of their monthly incomes, many young people are living more casually, in line with a “good enough mentality”. Loose T-shirts, Crocs, and canvas bags are basically standard mode.
“Consumers today are becoming more mature and rational. They are pursuing smarter consumption through careful consideration and calculation to find the cheapest; most practical, cost-effective way of shopping,” says. Wang Ning, a sociology professor at Nanjing’s Southeast University.
Economists believe that China’s Generation Z no longer blindly pursues brands and luxury goods or buys things for brand name and status. Instead, they pay more attention to their actual needs, quality, and experience of buying, and prefer sharing and secondhand purchases. They also advocate environmental protection and sustainable consumption.
Price-aware Chinese consumers have also begun to place a greater emphasis on their inner selves. Driven by rational consumption, many young people no longer save to buy a brand-name bag, but for self-improvement.
The new handbag trend has also created business opportunities. Reusing packaging used for food brands as handbags results in mobile advertising for the associated brands, and the phenomenon of the “Shenzhen Bag” has also benefited paper bag companies.
1. What is the feature of “Shenzhen bag”?A.A popular luxury brand of handbag. |
B.A makeshift handbag symbolizing status. |
C.A traditional handbag designed for specific people. |
D.A temporary handbag that was once for another use. |
A.Conservative. | B.Reliable. |
C.Sensible. | D.Considerate. |
A.A belief for a plain and green lifestyle. |
B.A neglect of environmental protection. |
C.Blind pursuit of brand names and luxury goods. |
D.Focus on outer appearance rather than inner selves. |
A.A book review. | B.A news report. |
C.A business plan. | D.A research article. |
7 . As a child, John always wondered how the human body worked and how he could keep it healthy. His interest in medicine grew stronger when he volunteered at a children’s hospital during high school. The never-give-up spirit of young patients battling against various illnesses massively affected him. Initially, he chose nursing in college, believing it would lead him to work closely with children. But after his first half year, he recognized nursing wasn’t fit for him.
Switching to biology helped him discover his passion for learning about the complexities of human body and using that knowledge to help children. Although the thought of the lengthy education and residency required for pediatrics (儿科学) made him hesitant, a heart-to-heart conversation with his brother changed his mind. His brother convinced John that his passion should motivate him rather than scare him. It was then that John decided to become a pediatrician because of the simple fact that he would work with children every day, and would make a positive impact on their lives and their families.
Pediatrics is not just about regular check-ups, it also includes making sick kids feel better and helping them heal. This brings so much joy to John’s heart. To him, he is not only a doctor but also a teacher, offering a safe space for the little ones to open up and share their fears or concerns. Plus, he really enjoys being a friendly and easy-to-talk-to person in their lives.
Being a pediatrician gives John the rewarding experience of helping and interacting with children daily and making those little ones’ tough times easier. Also, the changing world of healthcare means he’ll always be learning new things and facing exciting challenges. With his future plans, he wants to get into the field of being a physician assistant — a stepping stone that keeps him involved in pediatric care while still engaged in direct interaction with young patients. It allows him to do lots of the same things as a pediatrician, as well as helps him improve skills that are vital for making kids healthier.
1. What can we learn about John from the first paragraph?A.He began to have an interest in medicine during high school. |
B.He decided to work on nursing after graduation from college. |
C.He got inspired by young patients when volunteering at a hospital. |
D.He was curious about how the doctors work to keep people healthy. |
A.To learn about the complexities of human body. |
B.To bring about improvements in children’s lives. |
C.To get rewarding experience of helping children. |
D.To face the challenges making him hesitant and scared. |
A.Excited but tired. | B.Worthy but stressful. |
C.Proud and delighted. | D.Concerned and moved. |
A.John’s journey of pursuing a career in pediatrics. |
B.John’s challenges and rewards as a pediatrician. |
C.A comparison between pediatricians and nurses. |
D.The importance of improving the health of children. |
8 . The process of sorting through my childhood stuff started out easy. At first, I was excited to toss everything out. But as the bedroom emptied out, I felt a creeping sense of sadness. My childhood was over, and I entered full-fledged (成熟的) adulthood. And I wondered:
Before you start sorting, determine how much storage space you’re willing to devote to your childhood items.
During this process, it can be useful to have someone you trust by your side. They can help you honor the memories associated with each object and let go.
And you don’t have to pile your childhood stuff in the attic (阁楼).
Remember, there is someone who care enough to hold on all old stuff for you. This is a value of all of the time and effort and money your parents have poured into you. This has been saved in love.
A.Get creative and think outside the box. |
B.Could my childhood memories be regained? |
C.You can find meaning in your life experiences. |
D.Loved ones can also help you decide what to save. |
E.But it will probably still be a bittersweet experience. |
F.That will help you figure out how much stuff you can keep. |
G.Was there a less heartbreaking, more strategic way to do this? |
9 . Bill Gates was born in 1955. He grew up in Seattle, Washington. When he was young, he was good at science and maths. And he wanted to be a scientist.
Bill started to play with computers when he was 13. At that time, computers were very large machines. Once he was interested in a very old computer. He and some of his friends spent lots of time doing unusual things with it. In the end, they worked out a software program with the old machine. Bill sold it for 4,200 dollars when he was only 17.
In 1973, Bill went to Harvard University. He developed the Basic Language for the first microcomputer. In his third year, he left Harvard. Bill began his company in 1975 with his friend Paul Allen. They thought that the computer would be a very important tool in every office and in every home, so they began developing software for personal computers. They developed the software to make it easier for people to use computers.
In 1999, Bill wrote a book. In the book, he told people how computer technology could solve business problems in new ways. It was one of the best-sellers on The New York Times’ list. Bill Gates has many hobbies. He enjoyed reading very much. He also enjoys playing golf and bridge.
1. When did Bill begin to play with computers?A.In 1968. | B.In 1966. | C.In 1965. | D.In 1972. |
A.how to do unusual things. |
B.how to play computer games. |
C.how to work out a software program. |
D.how to solve business problems with the help of computers in new ways. |
A.Bill worked for Microsoft before he went to Harvard University. |
B.Bill sold his first software program for 420 dollars. |
C.Reading is one of Bill’s hobbies. |
D.Bill began his company in 1976 with his friend. |
A.Bill Gates developed the Basic Language for the first microcomputer. |
B.Bill Gates enjoys playing computer games. |
C.Bill Gates wrote many science books. |
D.Bill Gates books are on the top of best-sellers. |
10 . I’ve spent much of my life dealing with written and spoken words. Now I’m a technologist making use of natural language processing for human good. Given that I work in artificial intelligence (AI), I’m realizing something dangerous happening. Machines are ruining the way we communicate.
AI voices are normalized and yet cold, no matter which accent (口音) you set your Siri or Amazon Alexa into. It’s difficult to normalize language to be inoffensive because sometimes we do make people feel uncomfortable or even make them annoyed. Yet this is exactly what we’re asking artificial intelligence to do for us on a billion - person scale. Once these rules are carried out by machines, they’re unavoidable and create much bigger issues.
We notice that there is an active desire to only include standardized language in AI - powered tools in an attempt to avoid including potentially harmful or offensive language. And these AI-powered tools are exactly what we use to complete our thoughts almost at any given time. They are everywhere — in our emails, word processors, and web pages. The machines are pushing us into a common tongue, and we accept it as a matter of convenience. But what’s the cost? We’re trading uniqueness and accuracy for convenience. We’re also handing the power of acceptable speech to machines not people.
In the real world, people don’t communicate like a Wikipedia (维基百科) article. We use tone (语气), humor and facial expressions. We can tell where people were born based on their accents and wording. Humans are truly unique, and our communication is constantly changing. So we should demand AI systems that promote individuality and uniqueness. We should demand to know how AI is developed and the data used to build it. Because we all deserve this.
1. What is the function of paragraph 1?A.To illustrate the function of communication. |
B.To introduce the impact of AI on language. |
C.To share the author’s working experience. |
D.To stress the importance of AI on language processing. |
A.Hateful | B.Valuable | C.Harmless | D.Beneficial |
A.AI voice should be legalized. | B.AI voice should be modernized. |
C.AI voice should be standardized. | D.AI voice should be personalized. |
A.Praising. | B.Humorous. | C.Concerned. | D.Objective. |