1 . Five Tips to Boost Your Self-Confidence
The following tips might help boost your self-confidence so you can feel more comfortable with whom you are.
Think about what makes you feel attractive. Make a list of things that make you attractive. You might begin with qualities that make you a good friend, parent, or co-worker.
Set goals for yourself.
Be grateful and helpful. Doing good things for others can make us feel good about ourselves. The smallest gestures, like smiling or holding the door for someone, can make a big difference to someone.
Do something brave once a week. It can be frightening to put ourselves out there, but sometimes the risk can be worth the reward.
A.Avoid criticizing others. |
B.Focus on strengths, not self-criticism. |
C.Take small steps to boost your confidence. |
D.You can also consider taking an active role in volunteering. |
E.Achieving goals is one way to feel accomplished and confident. |
F.Then, you might list some of the physical features that make you unique. |
G.Taking risks doesn’t necessarily mean going bungee(蹦极) jumping or mountain climbing. |
2 . What is moderation (适度)? Basically, it means eating only as much food as your body needs. You should feel satisfied at the end of a meal, but not too full.
Take your time. It's important to slow down and think about food as something nutritious rather than just something to eat in between meetings.
Eat with others whenever possible. Eating alone, “specially in front of the TV or computer, often leads to mindless overeating. And be careful about the foods you keep at hand. It's more challenging to eat in moderation if you have unhealthy snacks at the ready, like cookies.
Control emotional (情绪的) eating.
A.Eat properly throughout the day. |
B.We don't always eat just to satisfy hunger. |
C.Don't swallow a meal on the way to work. |
D.Most of us need to double the amount we eat. |
E.Instead, surround yourself with healthy choices. |
F.For many of us, moderation means eating less than we do now. |
G.That won't lead to cheating or giving up on your new eating plan. |
3 . In October, Mediterranean fruit flies were discovered in an area of Los Angeles. California is a big farming state, and this was serious news for farmers. The solution to the problem may seem a little unusual: releasing millions more of the flies.
The Mediterranean fruit fly, often known as the “Medfly”, is one of the most serious threats faced by farmers worldwide. Once the pest makes its way into an area, it can be very hard to get rid of. The flies lay their eggs in over 300 kinds of fruits and vegetables. When the eggs hatch, they turn into worm-like larvae (幼虫) that can ruin these products.
Three Mediterranean fruit flies were discovered in a Los Angeles neighborhood called Leimert Park in October. To stop the problem from spreading, the government set up a large quarantine (隔离) area, which means that no produce (fruits, nuts, or vegetables) can be moved out of that area. That may seem extreme, since only three Medflies were found, but experts believe there are probably more out there. “It’s really important to get on top of this fast,” said entomologist Jason Leathers. Luckily, California has developed a program to control Medflies, and it’s been working well for 30 years. The plan involves using planes to drop millions of Medflies over the area. That may sound like a bad idea, but it’s actually a tricky way to make sure that Medfly numbers go down.
The airplanes only drop male flies, and all of them have been treated so that they can’t help produce new fruit flies. The males are sterile (不育的). The plan has worked well in the past. The government says that the number of infestations (横行) has been cut by over 90%.
1. What do we know about the “Medfly” from Paragraph 2?A.It ruins crops easily. | B.It is the most harmful pest. |
C.Its produce rate is alarming. | D.It troubles farmers all the world. |
A.Drop sterile Medflies. |
B.Seek scientists for advice. |
C.Employ planes to kill them. |
D.Set up large quarantine areas nationwide. |
A.Statistics. | B.Financial reports. |
C.Experts’ conclusion. | D.Amounts of dropped flies. |
A.New Usage of Airplanes | B.The Harm of the Medfly |
C.Fighting Fruit Flies with Fruit Flies | D.Problems Facing Farms in California |
4 . If a pancake could dream, it might long for legs so it could jump off your breakfast plate in pursuit of a better, unchewed life. But legs aren’t necessary for something as flat as a pancake to jump around. A group of scientists have designed a pancake-shaped robot that can jump several times per second and higher than seven times its body height. The new robot named Hop, which swiftly jumps without feet, is an important contribution to the soft robotics.
Many ground robots move by rolling or walking. But it’s more efficient for robots to jump over obstacles (障碍物) than to go around them. Although jumping can offer some robots a competitive edge, engineering that ability has been a challenge for robotics researchers. Some soft robots that store energy can perform a single impressive jump very infrequently. Some lightweight soft robots that don’t store energy can jump frequently but can’t jump high or far enough to successfully cross an obstacle.
For inspiration, the researchers looked to gall midge larvae (瘿蚊幼虫) that miraculously throw themselves across distances 30 times as long as their loglike bodies. A gall midge larva bends its body and squeezes the liquid in its body to one end, making it rigid (僵硬的). The accumulation of liquid builds up pressure, and releasing the pressure sends it soaring (飙升). The robot’s body doesn’t resemble (像) that of a gall midge larva, but it jumps like one. Its body is made of two small plastic bags printed with electrodes; the front bag is filled with liquid and the back one is filled with the same volume of air. The robot uses electricity to drive the flow of liquid, which causes the body to bend and generate force with the ground, resulting in a jump. And the air bag imitates the function of an animal’s tail, helping the robot keep a stable position.
While the robot is currently restricted to Earth, it might be right at home exploring another planet. If this is true, the researchers robot might jump over dusty rocks and large holes on the moon or Mars, going where no pancake has gone before.
1. What does the author want to show by mentioning a pancake?A.A pancake’s dream to have legs is unrealistic. |
B.A robot is capable of serving a good pancake. |
C.A pancake-shaped robot can jump without legs. |
D.Research on pancakes advances our understanding of robots. |
A.Hop’s avoiding an obstacle. | B.Hop’s moving around by rolling. |
C.Hop’s performing one remarkable jump. | D.Hop’s jumping high and far continuously. |
A.They are shaped like logs. |
B.They have tails to change positions. |
C.They bend their bodies and increase force. |
D.They are filled with liquid and have rigid bodies. |
A.Intolerant. | B.Positive. | C.Indifferent. | D.Ambiguous. |
5 . Each ARTS FIRST festival is a unique annual celebration of the Harvard community's artistic creativity. We invite you to join us for the coming ARTS FIRST. We look forward to welcoming you as we showcase the creativity of the Harvard arts community through performances, art exhibitions and art-making activities. The festival is a public event for Harvard and community members of all ages.
Light Awash in WatercolorLearn about the materials and qualities of watercolor paint with experts from the Harvard Art Museums Materials Lab. Try your hand at some of the painting tricks used by artists whose works will be in the upcoming exhibition of American Watercolors 1880-1990: Into the Light.
Spineless Artists: Invertebrate CreativityFrom webs to cocoons, invertebrates (无脊椎动物) create some of nature's most delicate and beautiful designs. Join Javier Marin from the Harvard Museum of Natural History to learn how insects and other invertebrates dance, inspire fashion and create art, while making your own spineless artists out of craft (手工艺) materials.
Wheel ThrowingJoin instructors from the Ceramics Program and great potters from Quincy, Cabot and Mather Houses for demonstrations using the potter's wheel. Then create your own masterpiece!
Knitting and Pom-Pom MakingJoin the Harvard Undergraduate Knitting Circle to make pom-poms and tassels out of thread, or pick up a pair of needles and learn to knit (编织).
1. What do we know about ARTS FIRST?A.It is an exhibition of oil paintings. | B.It offers art courses for all ages. |
C.It presents recreational activities. | D.It is a major tourist attraction. |
A.Light Awash in Watercolor. | B.Spineless Artists: Invertebrate Creativity. |
C.Wheel Throwing. | D.Knitting and Pom-Pom Making. |
A.Practice a traditional dance. | B.Make handcrafts. |
C.Visit a local museum. | D.Feed invertebrates. |
6 . Overtourism Is For Real: How Can You Help?
Travel promotes understanding, expands our minds, makes us better people, and boosts local economies and communities, but the rapid growth of travel has led to overtourism in certain regions and destinations.
●Choose mindfully. Overvisited destinations are that way for a reason: they’re special. With so many online posts featuring the same places, it’s easy to feel like you’re missing out. Go somewhere only when the landscape, culture or food deeply draws you.
●Get creative. The best way to ease pressure on over-touristed destinations is to go somewhere else. Though overtourism is described as a problem affecting the entire world, it’s actually concentrated to a small number of extremely popular spots. That means you have tons of less-visited options to choose from.
●
Visiting a place that others call home is a privilege (荣幸). Do your part to preserve what makes a destination special in the first place.
A.Visit during off-peak times. |
B.So, should we stop traveling? |
C.Travel for you and no one else. |
D.Can overtourism be avoided then? |
E.You can still find relatively undiscovered places. |
F.You’ll find yourself virtually alone, or close to it. |
G.Consider giving back to the communities you’re visiting. |
7 . Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in. This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (变革).
In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码) that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI.
As we soon come to learn from AI by Design, AI is already super-smart and will become more capable, moving from the current generation of “narrow-AI” to Artificial General Intelligence. From there, Campbell says, will come Artificial Dominant Intelligence. This is why Campbell has set out to raise awareness of AI and its future now — several decades before these developments are expected to take place. She says it is essential that we keep control of artificial intelligence, or risk being sidelined and perhaps even worse.
Campbell’s point is to wake up those responsible for AI-the technology companies and world leaders—so they are on the same page as all the experts currently developing it. She explains we are at a “tipping point” in history and must act now to prevent an extinction-level event for humanity. We need to consider how we want our future with AI to pan out. Such structured thinking, followed by global regulation, will enable us to achieve greatness rather than our downfall.
AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on the subject, this is it.
1. What does the phrase “In the wrong hands” in paragraph 2 probably mean?A.If read by someone poorly educated. | B.If reviewed by someone ill-intentioned. |
C.If written by someone less competent. | D.If translated by someone unacademic. |
A.It is packed with complex codes. | B.It adopts a down-to-earth writing style. |
C.It provides step-by-step instructions. | D.It is intended for AI professionals. |
A.Observe existing regulations on it. |
B.Reconsider expert opinions about it. |
C.Make joint efforts to keep it under control. |
D.Learn from prior experience to slow it down. |
A.To recommend a book on AI. | B.To give a brief account of AI history. |
C.To clarify the definition of AI. | D.To honor an outstanding AI expert. |
8 . We all know fresh is best when it comes to food. However, most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table. While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more.
BMF is an indoor garden system. It can be set up for a family. Additionally, it could serve a larger audience such as a hospital, restaurant or school. The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens.
Specifically, it’s a farm that relies on new technology. By connecting through the Cloud, BMF is remotely monitored. Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. Because the system is automated, it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants. Rather than watering rows of soil, the system provides just the right amount to each plant. After harvest, users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pod (容器) to get the next growth cycle started.
Moreover, having a system in the same building where it’s eaten means zero emissions (排放) from transporting plants from soil to salad. In addition, there’s no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the surrounding environment.
BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic. “We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF employee.
1. What can be learned about BMF from paragraph 1?A.It guarantees the variety of food. | B.It requires day-to-day care. |
C.It cuts the farm-to-table distance. | D.It relies on farmer’s markets. |
A.Real-time weather changes. | B.Current condition of the plants. |
C.Chemical pollutants in the soil. | D.Availability of pre-seeded pods. |
A.They have a great passion for sports. |
B.They are devoted to community service. |
C.They are fond of sharing daily experiences. |
D.They have a strong environmental awareness. |
A.BMF’s major strengths. | B.BMF’s general management. |
C.BMF’s global influence. | D.BMF’s technical standards. |
9 . “I didn’t like the ending,” I said to my favorite college professor. It was my junior year of undergraduate, and I was doing an independent study on Victorian literature. I had just finished reading The Mill on the Floss by George Eliot, and I was heartbroken with the ending. Prof. Gracie, with all his patience, asked me to think about it beyond whether I liked it or not. He suggested I think about the difference between endings that I wanted for the characters and endings that were right for the characters, endings that satisfied the story even if they didn’t have a traditionally positive outcome. Of course, I would have preferred a different ending for Tom and Maggie Tulliver, but the ending they got did make the most sense for them.
This was an aha moment for me, and I never thought about endings the same way again. From then on, if I wanted to read an ending guaranteed to be happy, I’d pick up a love romance. If I wanted an ending I couldn’t guess, I’d pick up a mystery (悬疑小说). One where I kind of knew what was going to happen, historical fiction. Choosing what to read became easier.
But writing the end — that’s hard. It’s hard for writers because endings carry so much weight with readers. You have to balance creating an ending that's unpredictable, but doesn’t seem to come from nowhere, one that fits what’s right for the characters.
That’s why this issue (期) of Writer’s Digest aims to help you figure out how to write the best ending for whatever kind of writing you’re doing. If it’s short stories, Peter Mountford breaks down six techniques you can try to see which one helps you stick the landing. Elizabeth Sims analyzes the final chapters of five great novels to see what key points they include and how you can adapt them for your work.
This issue won’t tell you what your ending should be — that’s up to you and the story you’re telling — but it might provide what you need to get there.
1. Why did the author go to Prof. Gracie?A.To discuss a novel. | B.To submit a book report. |
C.To argue for a writer. | D.To ask for a reading list. |
A.Writing is a matter of personal preferences. |
B.Readers are often carried away by character. |
C.Each type of literature has its unique end. |
D.A story which begins well will end well. |
A.It satisfies readers’ taste. | B.It fits with the story development. |
C.It is usually positive. | D.It is open for imagination. |
A.To give examples of great novelists. | B.To stress the theme of this issue. |
C.To encourage writing for the magazine. | D.To recommend their new books. |
10 . The Saint Lukas train doesn’t accept passengers — it accepts only the sick. The Saint Lukas is one of five government-sponsored medical trains that travel to remote towns in central and eastern Russia. Each stop lasts an average of two days, and during that time the doctors and nurses on board provide rural (乡村) populations with basic medical care, X-ray scans and prescriptions.
“People started queuing to make an appointment early in the morning,” says Emile Ducke, a German photographer who traveled with the staff of the Saint Lukas for a two-week trip in November through the vast regions (区域) of Krasnoyarsk and Khakassia.
Russia’s public health care service has been in serious need of modernization. The government has struggled to come up with measures to address the problem, particularly in the poorer, rural areas east of the Volga River, including arranging doctor’s appointments by video chat and expanding financial aid programs to motivate doctors to practice medicine in remote parts of the country like Krasnoyarsk.
The annual arrival of the Saint Lukas is another attempt to improve the situation. For 10 months every year, the train stops at about eight stations over two weeks, before returning to the regional capital to refuel and restock (补给). Then it starts all over again the next month. Most stations wait about a year between visits.
Doctors see up to 150 patients every day. The train’s equipment allows for basic checkups. “I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned,” says Ducke. “They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want. ”
1. How is the Saint Lukas different from other trains?A.It runs across countries. | B.It reserves seats for the seniors. |
C.It functions as a hospital. | D.It travels along a river. |
A.It is heavily populated. | B.It offers training for doctors. |
C.It is a modern city. | D.It needs medical aid. |
A.About a year. | B.About ten months. |
C.About two months. | D.About two weeks. |
A.Appreciative. | B.Doubtful | C.Ambiguous. | D.Cautious. |