1 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

At the     1     (begin) of the 21st century China had no high-speed railways. Slow and often uncomfortable trains ran slowly across this huge country,     2     (make) journeys such as Shanghai - Beijing     3     test of travel endurance.

Today, it's a     4     (total) different picture. The world's most populous nation has the world's     5     (large) network of high-speed railways. Since 2008 no fewer than 37,900 kilometers of lines have criss-crossed (纵横交错) the country, linking all of its major     6     (city).

Half of the total     7     (complete) in the last five years alone, with a further 3,700 kilometers due to open in the coming months of 2021. The network is expected to increase in length     8     more than70,000 kilometers, by 2035. With maximum speeds of 350 kph on many lines, intercity travel has been changed and the ruling position of airlines has been broken on the busiest routes.

Spain,     9     has the most high-speed networks in Europe and sits in second place in the global league table, is a little fish     10     (compare) with just over 2,000 miles of lines built for operation at over 250 kph. In contrast, the UK presently has just 107 kilometers while the United States has only one rail route that (just about) qualifies for high-speed status.

2 . 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

When the new school year starts, a lot of Chinese students need     1     (take) the military training course as the first challenge.

This fall semester, the military training course will have new     2     (requirement). According to China Youth Daily, a new syllabus (教学大纲) for the military training course for senior high school students has been released by the Ministry of Education,     3     will be carried out nationwide on Aug. 1.

The course     4     (relate) to military knowledge will be divided into two parts—basic military knowledge and basic military skills. This is the first time the course     5     (adjust) to suit high school students. The course itself will also be more flexible. In     6     (add) to main course, students can choose other areas to focus on. For students who are     7     (particular) interested in military knowledge or a specific skill set, they will have the opportunity to get     8     (far) training.

The military training course will be anywhere from 7 to 14 days long, with a minimum of 56 class hours.     9     the end of the course, students will be given one of     10     following evaluations: excellent, good, pass or fail.

3 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Twenty one ultra-marathon runners have died since extreme weather hit a 100-kilometer (62-mile) mountain race in northwest China.

The high-altitude Huanghe Shilin Mountain Marathon     1     (begin)on Saturday morning in sunny conditions. But by 1 p.m. local time weather conditions had turned, with freezing rain and hail stones     2     (beat) runners in Gansu County.

Liang Jing, one of China’s well known ultra-marathon runners was among those who died, as

    3     Hong Kong marathon group called Hong Kong 100 Ultra Marathon confirmed via a statement     4     (release) on Sunday.

As temperatures dropped in the Yellow River Stone Forest, some started to report suffering from hypothermia, while     5     went missing. The marathon     6     (organize) canceled the race and immediately they launched a search party of 1,200 people to scour the complicated terrain.

One race participant told the local publication Red Star News: “It was     7     (awful) freezing.” He said he decided to abandon the race. “I managed to enter a wooden cabin at the direction of a rescuer,     8     there were already about 10 more runners and within half an hour about 50 runners came and took shelter     9     extreme weather in the cabin.” 

By Sunday morning, 151 of the 172 runners had been confirmed safe, with eight in hospital. Another 21 were found     10     (die), according People’s Daily.

4 . 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

You might think that good-looking men have every advantage in life.     1     a new study suggests that being handsome may not always work in a man's favor — at least     2     it comes to his career. The research claims that attractive men are     3     (little) likely to be given a job in a competitive workplace because they threaten     4    (boss). “It's not always an advantage to be pretty,” says Marko Pitesa,     5     assistant professor at the University of Maryland. “It can backfire (适得其反) if you     6    (consider) as a threat.”    7    (interesting), in Pitesa’s study, it was male attractiveness in particular, rather than female beauty, that made the most     8    (different).

If the interviewer expected     9    (work) with the candidate as part of a team, then he     10    (prefer) good-looking men.

However, if the interviewer saw the candidate as a potential competitor, the interviewer discriminated in favor of unattractive men.

5 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或据号内单词的正确形式。

A Chinese space mining company has designed a robot     1     can collect waste material left behind by spacecraft in outer space. The state-run Xinhua news agency     2    (recent) reported that the robot launched on the government’s Long March 6 rocket along     3     several satellites (卫星). It will also enter deep space to observe the small     4    (universe)   objects.

The 30-kilogram robot,     5    (call) NEO-01, was developed by a high-tech company, Origin Space.     6     company says the robot will use a big net to collect waste and then burn it, leading the way for future technologies capable of mining on asteroids (小行星). The world’s first asteroid mining company, Planetary Resources, was established in 2009. Since then, more than 12 businesses around the world     7     (enter) the industry. Su Meng, the     8     (found) of Origin Space, said the company plans to launch many space     9     (telescope) and more spacecraft to begin the first for-profit mining of asteroids by 2045.

The Xinhua news agency reported that China was increasing efforts     10     (land) a spacecraft on a near-Earth asteroid to collect materials. China is also speeding up a plan to build a defense system against near-Earth asteroids.

6 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

A blind Chinese climber reached the summit of Qomolangma (known in the West as Mount Everest) on Monday morning,     1     (become) the first blind person from Asia ever to conquer the world's highest peak.

Zhang Hong, 46, reached the top from the Nepali side, along with three high-altitude     2     (guide). Jaya Bahadur Tamang,     3    official from Asian Trekking Company, mentioned that Zhang and his team reached the summit at 9 a.m. on Monday. “Zhang is among the few climbers     4    dared to go to the top of Qomolangma despite strong winds,” he added.

Zhang, born in Chongqing,     5     (lose) his sight due to glaucoma (青光眼) at the age of 21. He now works at a hospital in Lhasa. As Zhang began to climb down from the summit, which is 8,848.86 meters above sea level, his colleagues were excited to hear about his     6     (succeed).

“Many people may have doubted him at first, but I was     7     (confidence) in him from the beginning,” said Kyila, who is also blind.

Zhang had begun preparing     8    the climb since 2019. However, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, all mountaineering expeditions on Qomolangma     9     (cancel) in Nepal and China last year. And he had to wait until recently     10     (make) the attempt.

7 . 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

A 25-year-old American with a university degree can expect to live longer than those who dropped out of high school.    1    the average American's expected span has been flat in recent years, and    2    surprising） even fell between 2015 and 2017, that of the one- third with a bachelor's degree has continued to lengthen.

This difference is growing, according to the new research    3     （publish） in the National Academy of Sciences. Scientists found that the life spans （寿命）of those with and without a bachelor's degree started to    4    （different） in the 1990s and 2000s. This gap grew even     5     （wide） in the 2010s.

What is the link    6     schooling and longevity? Some argue that better-educated people develop various healthier    7    （lifestyle） ： each additional year of study reduces the chances of being a smoker and of being overweight. The better-educated earn more,     8    in turn is associated with greater health.

Researchers argue that changes in labour markets     9     （reduce） the supply of well- paid jobs for    10    （that） without a degree in the past few years. This may be contributing to higher rates of alcohol and drug use, suicide and other "deaths of despair" .

8 . 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

A three-episode documentary, titled Living in Verdant Mountains and Clean Waters — A better Life, jointly    1     (produce) by China, Laos, Cambodia and Thailand, has been completed. By doing so, they learn about the achievements and experience of poverty reduction in rural China.

China has seen    2     (it) final 98. 99 million poor rural residents being lifted out of poverty, 832 counties and 128,000 villages from poverty list shaking off poverty,     3    (mark) a major victory of the eradication (根除) of absolute poverty and region-wide poverty, according to the data released in February 2021. It     4     (reflect) the outcomes of China's targeted poverty relief work. At the same time, it is attracting global attention about how China, the country with the    5    (large) population in the world, could make     6    difference to enable its people to lead a better life.

In the documentary,     7     (reporter) from Laos, Cambodia and Thailand pay a visit to Longsheng county in Guangxi autonomous region, the village of Shibadong in Hunan province and so on,     8    they witness China’s efforts made in targeted poverty reduction, such as affordable medical care for poor people in rural areas, as well as poor counties in western region pairing up    9     cities in the east. These measures have made a great     10    (contribute) to rural poverty relief.

9 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

    1     May 29, a documentary called One Day When We Were Young invited 16 alumni (校友) — all famous scholars — to share their stories about the National Southwestern Associated University. It     2     (bear) when Japan invaded northern China in 1937. To save their educational and intellectual heritage from the Japanese     3     (invade), the remaining students and faculty at Peking University, Tsinghua University and Nankai University first retreated to Changsha, Hunan province, and     4     (late) headed south to Kunming, Yunnan province. The three universities joined together as National Southwestern Associated University,     5     was also known as Xinan Lianda in Chinese.

Xinan Lianda had 5 colleges and 26 departments, with 179 professors. Students there could have a higher education     6     (base) in large part on the American model. It sought to provide general education and     7     (academy) freedom.

Though Xinan Lianda is     8     (physical) gone and each school moved back to its original home in 1946, the experience of studying there had     9     everlasting impact on students.

“The National Southwestern Associated University set a good example for contemporary Chinese universities, and there are many     10     (treasure) legacies for us to inherit, to cherish, and to share,” Li Zhong, vice-president of the university’s Beijing alumni association, told the Global Times.

10 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号里单词的正确形式。

Recently, an acknowledgments (致谢) part in Huang Guoping's thesis (论文)     1     (go) viral (病毒般快速传播的) on the Internet. In this part, the author looked back on his bumpy, challenging road to success,    2     touched many people.

"I have come a long way    3    (present) this thesis before you." The author, Huang Guoping, wrote at the    4     (begin) of his thesis for the Chinese Academy of Sciences. In the thesis, he mentioned he was born in a mountainous area. He     5     (abandon) by his mother and his father died in a traffic accident when he was at the age of 17.

After going from a middle school in a remote area     6     Southwest University in Chongqing, and pursuing his doctoral degree in the Chinese Academy of Sciences, he said "I couldn't remember how many times I had felt the burdens of life." "But    7     I believe was simple. I keep on studying,    8     (hope) to get out of my hometown, and prove I haven't lived in vain."

At the end of the acknowledgement, Huang expressed     9     (he) wishes. "I hope I can keep a young heart after years of fighting and I hope I have the chance to rediscover the world. I would feel it was     10    (definite) worthy if could do something to make someone else's life better."