1 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或使用括号内单词的正确形式。

Why do people use different words to describe the UK?

    1     (clarify) this question, we can study British history. First there was England. Then Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland were linked     2     it. At last the United Kingdom     3     (found) in the early 20th century,     4     new flag is called the Union Jack. To their credit, the four countries do work together in some areas,       5     they still have very different institutions. England is the     6     (large) of the four countries. For convenience, it’s divided       7     (rough) into three zones. They are the South of England, the Midlands and the North, with most of the population in the south and most of the industrial cities in the Midlands and the North of England. As the centre of national government and its administration, London has the greatest       8     (history) treasure of all and there are many museums, art     9     (collect), theatres, parks and buildings. There have been four sets of invaders of England. The Romans left their towns and roads. The Anglo-Saxons left their language and government. The Vikings       10     (influence) the vocabulary and place-names. The Normans left castles and introduced new words for food.

2 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

When Beethoven was only four, his father decided to make him a musician. Beethoven was made to practice     1     (play) different musical instruments hour after hour. Whenever he did not put his heart into his practice, his father would be strict     2     him.

    3     (fortune), the boy loved music very much and learnt so fast that he was able to go around and give     4     (concert) when he was only 11. When he was 17, he received high praise from Mozart,     5     great Austrian composer. A few years later, Beethoven went to Vienna     6     ( study) under Haydn, another great Austrian composer. Then he     7     (write) a great deal of music, even at his most difficult time. But after one illness, he suddenly found     8     (him) deaf at the age of 31.

However, this didn’t stop Beethoven. During his life, he composed about 30 pieces of music. It is     9     (amaze) that he wrote some of his best pieces after he became deaf, many of     10     are well known and loved all over the world.

3 . Only in this way can we live in more comfortable and beautiful________ (surround). (所给词的适当形式填空)

4 . Lacking sleep caused him poor memory and poor________ (concentrate). (所给词的适当形式填空)

5 . The Internet makes it easier to keep us ________ (inform) of what is happening around the world. (所给词的适当形式填空)

6 . In our daily life, we sometimes come across a number of cases ________ people suffer from heart attacks.(用适当的词填空)

7 . As young people, we are supposed to show respect for those who are senior ________ us.(用适当的词填空)

8 . These methods can help increase students’ ________ (motivate) and interest. (所给词的适当形式填空)

9 . The poor girl was ________ (desert) by her parents as soon as she was born. (所给词的适当形式填空)

10 . We are taking steps to prevent air from ________ (pollute).(所给词的适当形式填空)