2 . 阅读下面短文, 根据其内容写一篇 60词左右的内容概要。

Many young people believe shared bicycles have many advantages. They are not expensive to rent, they do not have to be protected from thieves, and there is no need to repair them. You just have to change them for another one. They are also environment friendly and lower the use of cars, which also helps to relieve traffic. In fact, it is considered an awesome（可怕的） combination of technology and tradition.

Since they appeared, shared bicycles have raised a lot of dust. There is no doubt about the benefits but the disadvantages cannot be ignored. Many problems related to shared bicycles have appeared. It is not only due to bad behavior from some users who always want to seize the bicycles, but also because of the mess that has been created since one can leave the bicycle anywhere, which is against public urban order management. There are so many poorly parked bikes that sometimes they end up blocking streets.

In Xi Luo yuan, Beijing, the “Civilized Use of Bicycles” campaign （运动）has been launched. In addition to having 40 officially permitted stops, there are also clear signals（信号） to lead users to these stops. A team of supervisors keep order in the area. This is the first area that is part of an official system to manage bicycles. The purpose of this campaign is to solve the mess that the popularity of shared bicycles is causing in Beijing, both with the participation of companies and the users. If the pilot plan works out well in Xi Luo yuan, it will be extended to all of the cities in China.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3 . 阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。

Arriving in Sydney on his own from India, my husband , Rashid, stayed in a hotel for a short time while looking for a house for me and our children as we would go there when he made everything settled.

During the first week of his stay, he went out one day to do some shopping. He almost got lost in those unfamiliar blocks. When he came back in the late afternoon, he discovered that his suitcase was gone. He was extremely worried as the suitcase had all his important papers, including his passport. For a while, he was overwhelmed with depression with no one to turn to.

He reported the case to the police and then sat there，lost and lonely in a strange city, thinking of the terrible troubles of getting all the paperwork organized again from a distant country while trying to settle down in a new one.

Late in the evening, the phone rang. It was a stranger. He was trying to pronounce my husband’s name and was asking him a lot of questions. Then he said they had found a pile of papers in their trash can（垃圾桶）that had been left out on the footpath.

My husband rushed to their home to find a kind family holding all his papers and documents. Their young daughter had gone to the trash can and found a pile of unfamiliar papers. Her parents had carefully sorted them out, although they had found mainly foreign addresses on most of the documents. At last they had seen a half-written letter in the pile in which my husband had given his new telephone number to a friend. My husband was so excited about the return of the suitcase. Meanwhile, the kindness of this family made him feel that this place could be a new start, a new home for a brand new life.

注意：
1. 所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2. 应使用5个以上短文标有下划线的关键词语；
3. 续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
4. 续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词。
Paragraph 1:

In order to thank this family,…

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:

A few weeks later, my children and I arrived in Sydney.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4 . 概要写作：阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60 词左右的内容概要。

We often see bullies(恃强凌弱者) on television shows. They like to give people a hard time for no reason at all. They call people names, take their things and make them feel scared over and over again. Bullying can also happen in real life, especially at school.

What caused the bullying? There are many reasons that can cause a child to become a bully. If a child is bullied by his or her parents, that child likely to imitate this behavior at school, according to The Huffington Post. In addition, a child who has been given too much power at home is also likely to become a bully. The child may believe he or she has the right to bully others at school because he or she is treated like an emperor at home. Some children are also said to become bullies because he have been influenced by violent films and games .They are said to be too young to tell between right and wrong.

School bullying can have a great influence on someone’s life Xi Leng (not her real name） was bullied during her early days at school. Even though she turned 20 this year, she is still affected badly by her experiences during her terrible time at primary school. “I really struggled every day back then, and even thought about killing myself,” Xi wrote on Zhihu, a question-and-answer website, remembering how her books were covered with graffiti(涂鸦), and her name was deliberately changed on her homework before it reached the teachers.

In order to solve the problem of school bullying, guidelines were released on Nov 1 by nine government departments, including the Ministry of Education and the Supreme People’s art(最高人民法院). For example, schools have been told to make students more aware of bullying, to inform students about its consequences and to teach them to protect themselves. In addition, students who have serious problems with their behavior may now be sent to special schools.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

5 . 假如你是李华。你已和英国朋友Eric约定于本周三下午去高铁站接他。但你临时有重要会议不能如约前往，将委托他人接站。请你用英语给Eric写一封致歉信，主要内容包括：
1. 表示歉意；
2. 解释原因；
3. 接站安排。
注意：
1. 词数80词左右；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

6 . 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

Most students experience a lot of stress while preparing for exams，as both their parents and teachers expect them to get high scores. Students who feel anxious are likely to experience problems like difficulty in concentrating while studying，confusion，feeling stressed while looking at difficult questions，feeling blank，sweating，sleepless，etc. Under such circumstances they end up scoring less than they could have. Therefore，it's extremely important for students to learn about how to overcome fear，so that they can take their examination confidently，finally earning good grades. Here are a few tips on ways to overcome exam fear.

There are many students who take studies lightly，leaving everything to be studied at the last minute. As a result，when exams are around the corner，they feel scared，as they don't know where to start，and what to study. So the easiest way of overcoming this problem is to start studying much before the exam. Another common mistake that many students make is that they don't make an effort to understand the subject. When they have memorized without understanding，the chances of forgetting are more. Therefore，it is vital to understand the concept before memorizing it. In this way, you will never forget any important point. Besides，that the exams are coming does not mean that you have to sit with your books for the entire day，and students should take regular breaks to relax and refresh their mind. However，they should avoid watching too much TV and addicting themselves to the Internet，in which way，they are more likely to waste time.

Apart from the tips above，here are some points that will help students cope with exam-related anxiety. For example，before the exam，avoid studying anything new or having conversations with your classmates about what they have studied and how much they have studied，both of which will make you more nervous. During the exam, if you get blank after seeing difficult questions，ignore them for the time being，and attempt those you find easier. Once you have completed them，go back to the difficult ones.

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

7 . 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的概要。

Is a knife useful instrument or a dangerous weapon? It depends on how it is used. It’s the same with technology and one of those greatest inventions is cell phones. They have revolutionized the human existence. This is possible only because they are getting cheaper and cheaper. The technology has made it even easier to give them a longer life.

Undoubtedly, if cell phones are in right hands, no matter how far we are setting we can talk anytime anywhere! We can watch favourite TV shows, listen to favourite songs,etc, as cell phones are equipped with all high-tech features. In fact, it’s good to parents as well as children. Parents can monitor their children and children are also safe. If anyone is in any kind of danger, she or he can call for help immediately.

There are always two sides of a coin. The technology has caused a danger that we keep ignoring. The cell phones have progressed rapidly and at the same time they provide us with more tasks than what we would attempt. When a person is multitasking rather than complete a single task, this causes burden and results in stress. Also cell phones have made terrorist attacks in the world very easy. Besides, children spend much of their time in playing games instead of going out and playing, which is very harmful to them.

We should always remember that there lives a wise man between the valley of two mountains. Are cell phones a useful instrument or a dangerous weapon? The answer lies in our hands.

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

8 . 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

Advertising plays a major role in the competitive business world. Many industries take advantage of the power of advertising to attract or to win customers away from their business competitors. The influence of advertising is so huge that it causes many people to buy things that they don't want at the start.

Advertising encourages people to buy things they don't want through misleading ideas. Advertising is proven to be a successful tool to stress the features of their product to the public even though it's regarded undesirable such as cigarettes，drugs，alcohol and so on. For example，Dunhill，a cigarette company which sponsors many football teams，seems to be promoting cigarettes to the public. Without the sponsorship，the company will be less known to the public，resulting in fewer sales of cigarettes.

Besides that，advertising has a large influence on the decisions made by the people in their everyday life. Many businesses use advertising as a form of promoting to create awareness about their product in the market. For instance，in a fast food industry，the introduction of a new flavor of burger needs advertising to reach the public while the other burgers require advertising to increase sales. Children，especially，are easily influenced by advertisements and will have the desire to dine at fast food restaurants after that. Although fast food is bad for health，it has successfully become appealing to the public through advertising.

However, advertising plays a part in helping customers to compare a product in terms of price, quality, reliability and so on. Without advertising, it will be very difficult for customers to judge the worthiness of a product. For example, advertisements published by various companies have given the customers the opportunity to choose wisely when they are purchasing an item. Without the power of advertising, customers will be stuck to a brand which may not offer the best choice.

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

9 . 请阅读下面的短文，然后按要求写一篇120 词左右的英语短文．

Two friends have an argument that breaks up their friendship forever， even though neither one can remember how the whole thing got started． Such sad events happen over and over in high schools across the country． In fact， according to an official report on youth violence， "In our country today， the greatest threat to the lives of children and adolescents is not disease or starvation or abandonment， but the terrible reality of violence"． Given that this is the case， why aren't students taught to manage conflicts the way they are taught to solve math problems， or stay physically fit？

A report on violence among high school students indicates that most violent incidents between students begin with daily small matters such as a relatively minor insult （侮辱）． For example， a fight could start over the fact that one student eats a peanut butter sandwich each lunchtime． Laughter over the sandwich can lead to insults， which in turn can lead to violence． The problem isn't in the sandwich， but in the way students deal with the conflict．

There will always be conflicts in schools， but that doesn't mean there needs to be violence． Learning to settle conflicts can help students deal with friends， teachers， parents， bosses， and coworkers． In that way， conflict resolution is a basic life skill that should be taught in schools across the country．

【写作内容】
1． 以约120词对"中学生产生矛盾或冲突"的现象进行议论，内容包括：
1）中学生产生矛盾或冲突的原因；
2） 描述一次你和你的同学产生矛盾的经历（包括起因，经过和结果）；
3）谈谈如何正确解决和同学的矛盾．
2． 文章开头已经给出不计入总词数．
【写作要求】
1． 作文中可以使用亲身经历或虚构的故事，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不得直接引用原文中的句子．
2． 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称．

According to the report， conflicts are very common in high schools across the country． And the conflicts usually result from small things． Therefore， students should be taught how to deal with conflicts properly．

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________