4 . 选词填空

I’ve been writing for most of my life. The book Writing Without Teachers introduced me to one distinction and one practice that has helped my writing     1     greatly. The distinction is between the creative mind and the critical mind. While you need to employ both to get to a final result, they cannot work in     2     no matter how much we might like to think so.

Trying to criticize writing while it is still in progress is most possibly the single greatest

    3     to writing that most of us meet with. If you are listening to that 5th grade English teacher correct your grammar while you are trying to seize a fleeting (稍纵即逝的) thought, the thought will die. If you capture the fleeting thought and simply share it with the world in raw form, no one is likely to understand. You must learn to     4     first and then criticize if you want to make writing the tool for thinking that it is.

The practice that can help you pass your     5     bad habits of trying to edit as you write is what Elbow calls “free writing”. In free writing, the     6     is to get words down on paper non-stop, usually for 15－20 minutes. No stopping, no going back, no criticizing. The goal is to get the words     7    . As the words begin to go smoothly, the ideas will come from the shadows and let themselves be     8     on your notepad or your screen.

Now you have raw materials that you can begin to work with using the critical mind that you’ve persuaded to sit on the side and watch quietly. Most likely, you will believe that this will take more time than you actually have and you will end up staring blankly at the pages as the deadline draws near.

Instead of staring at a blank screen, start filling it with words no matter how bad they are. Halfway through your     9     time, stop and rework your raw writing into something closer to a(n)     10     product. Move back and forth until you run out of time and the final result will most likely be far better than your current practices.

A. learned       B. processes       C. revise              D. create       E. parallel       F. available G. barrier       H. captured       I. objective              J. finished       K. flowing

5 . Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once.

The eighth chapter is exceedingly brief, and relates that Gibbons, the amateur naturalist of the district,     1     lying out on the spacious open downs without a soul     2     a couple of miles of him, as he thought, and almost dozing, heard close to him the sound as of a man coughing, sneezing, and     3     swearing savagely to himself; and looking, beheld nothing. Yet the voice was indisputable. It continued to swear with that breadth and variety     4     distinguishes the swearing of a cultivated man. It grew to a climax, diminished again, and died     5     in the distance, going     6     it seemed to him in the direction of Adderdean. It lifted to a spasmodic sneeze and ended. Gibbons had heard nothing of the morning’s occurrences,     7     the phenomenon was so striking and disturbing that his philosophical tranquillity vanished; he got up hastily, and hurried     8     the steepness of the hill towards the village, as fast as he could go.

6 . Please read the following passage and fill in the blanks with the correct forms of 5 words or phrases out of the 7 given in the box, according to the context. 请阅读下面的短文，并根据其内容提示，从方框中所给的7个词语中选出5个，并用其正确形式填空。

or, suggest, run away, even though, according to, call, useless

Do you like elephants? They are the biggest land creatures alive today.Some people think that elephants will     1    if they see a mouse.This is untrue. In fact, elephants have such poor eyesight that they would not usually see a mouse, even if one came very near them.“Elephants Never Forget” is another fallacy ( 谬论). There is no evidence that     2     elephants have a better ability to remember things. Finally, it is also a fallacy that when the time comes for an elephant to die, it goes to some kind of elephant graveyard (墓地)----no one has ever found such a graveyard. What the animals probably do when they are old and sick is to find a cave and stay in it, so they will be safe until they either get better     3     die.

In Thailand, when the country was still     4    Siam (暹罗), if someone found a white elephant, they would dedicate (献给) it to the king because it was rare ( 罕见的). The king had no choice but to keep and feed it,     5    it had no use for him. From this practice, we get an expression,“a white elephant”，which means something that is not useful for us.

7 . Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once.

A. then            B. while            C. as            D. down E. that            F. but               G. away            H. within

The eighth chapter is exceedingly brief, and relates that Gibbons, the amateur naturalist of the district,     1     lying out on the spacious open downs without a soul     2     a couple of miles of him, as he thought, and almost dozing, heard close to him the sound as of a man coughing, sneezing, and     3     swearing savagely to himself; and looking, beheld nothing. Yet the voice was indisputable. It continued to swear with that breadth and variety     4     distinguishes the swearing of a cultivated man. It grew to a climax, diminished again, and died     5     in the distance, going     6     it seemed to him in the direction of Adderdean. It lifted to a spasmodic sneeze and ended. Gibbons had heard nothing of the morning's occurrences,     7     the phenomenon was so striking and disturbing that his philosophical tranquillity vanished; he got up hastily, and hurried     8     the steepness of the hill towards the village, as fast as he could go.

8 . （Complete the following passage by using the words or phrases in the box. Each word or phrase can only be used once. Note that there is one word or phrase more than you need.）

A. need explanation       B. abandoned       C. managed to make       D. pilot airplanes E. without chewing     F. instead        G. experiment on   H. as a matter of fact I. digesting an elephant            J. exhausting for children K. put myself on his level     L. in the course of my life

Once when I was six years old I saw a magnificent picture in a book about a jungle, called True Stories. It showed a boa constrictor swallowing a wild beast.

In the book it said: "Boa constrictors swallow their prey whole,     1    . Afterward they are no longer able to move, and they sleep during the six months of their digestion."

In those days I thought a lot about jungle adventure, and eventually     2     my first drawing, using a colored pencil. My Drawing Number One.

I showed the grown-ups my masterpiece, and I asked them if the drawing scared them.

They answered: " Why be scared by a hat?"

My drawing was not a picture of a hat. It was a picture of a boa constrictor     3    . Then I drew the inside of the boa constrictor, so that the grown-ups could understand. They always     4    .

The grown-ups advised me to put away my drawings of boa constrictors, the inside or the outside, and apply myself     5     to geography, history, arithmetic and grammar. That is why, I     6    , at the age of six, a magnificent career as an artist. I had been discouraged by the failure of my Drawing Number One and my Drawing Number Two. Grown-ups never understand anything by themselves, and it is     7     to provide explanation over and over again.

So then I had to choose another career, and learned to     8    . I have flown almost everywhere in the world. And     9    , geography has been a big help to me. I can tell China from Arizona at first glance, which is very useful if you get lost during the night.

So I have had,     10    , lots of encounters with lots of serious people. I have spent lots of time with grown-ups. I have seen them at close range… which hasn’t much improved my opinion of them.

Whenever I encountered a grown-up who seemed to me at all enlightened, I would     11     him with my Drawing Number One, which I have always kept. I wanted to see if he really understood anything. But he would always answer, "That is a hat." Then I wouldn’t talk about boa constrictors or jungles or stars. I would     12    . I would talk about bridge and golf and politics and neckties. And the grown-up was glad to know such a reasonable person.

9 . 选词填空(Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.)

All competitive ski and snowboarding events now take place largely on man-made snow. Unlike its natural     1    , the machine-made white stuff can be carefully tweaked to make a more durable and consistent surface: one perfect for record-breaking attempts. Snow-making equipment is viewed as essential in most ski areas to guarantee     2     throughout the seasons.

The snow “cannons” or “guns” that manufacture snow     3     the natural formation of snowflakes. Snow machines typically force pressurized water through a nozzle (喷嘴), breaking into a mist of tiny droplets, and then use compressed air or fans to blast them into the air. As the droplets cool, the molecules line and     4     into ice particles. The art to snow-making is adjusting the water and air to ensure that the water drops are small enough and sent far enough so that they will freeze before they hit the ground. If the air temperature is quite high, for example, dripping the water content and upping the air would create smaller particles that are more likely to freeze. Snow-making machines also frequently     5     nucleating agents (成核剂) in the water: small quantities of materials such as bacterial protein, on to which the water molecules attach and freeze. By     6     freezing, these agents raise the temperature at which snow can be made.

Many resorts now use sophisticated computer systems that automatically adjust the air and water     7     from snow machines based on air temperature, humidity and wind. For race courses, experts adjust man-made snow to create a tough, fast and icy course rather than a powdery one. A ski course is also heavily     8     and often intentionally flooded to create patches of ice; these factors generally determine the speed of a race.

There are other reasons for snow manufacturing to be in demand, beyond the benefits of having a snow whose properties can be ordered up. Some predict that the need for snow will     9     with the warming effects of climate change, which are already pushing snow lines up the Alps. But this comes with environmental cost. Making snow     10     energy and water, and can rob rivers and creeks in the surrounding ecosystems. One way to conserve the mountain environment would be to reuse winter sports competition facilities rather than building new ones.

10 . III. 完形填空（Cloze）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从方框内选择适当的单词或短语填空。方框内有多余的词或短语，每个词或短语限用一次。（答案写在答题纸上）

found, may, of, led to, sometimes, rather than, mad, in fact, even if, different, water, part, drink, as well as, natural, include, important, wherever

   

Many tourists nowadays walk around carrying plastic bottles of water, even in cities. The bottles seem to have become an     1     fashion accessory（配件）, and not only for tourists.     2    , nowadays everyone seems to carry a bottle of water with them    3     they go. This fashion for being seen with bottled water,     4     called “designer water”, has    5     a massive（大量的） increase in sales over the past few years. There are now so many    6     brand names available in the shops that it is hard to choose.

       But why do some people prefer their water from a bottle     7     a tap? To start with, water forms a very important     8     of a healthy lifestyle. We are now advised to    9     two litres of water daily,     10     eating large quantities of fruit and vegetables. Besides this, designer water offers the promise     11     purity.
It is advertised as clean and     12    , while tap water     13     be viewed with suspicion （怀疑）.
But is there really any difference between bottled and tap     14    ? Surprisingly, in the USA it was     15     that bottled water was not always as pure as most ordinary tap water.