1 . Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. characteristics     B. diverse     C. employ       D. function     E. issue F. integration          G. hit            H. military     I. potential     J. schemes     K. wearers

Future Fashion: Biometric Bodysuits

A team of the Applied NanoBioscience Center at Arizona State University has built prototypes (原型) of biometric bodysuits. They can detect chemical attacks, deliver drugs to their     1    , or even perfume scents if your body temperature rises too much. The     2     version of the Scentsory Chameleon Bodysuit incorporates fuel cells to provide a lightweight source of power for the soldier’s equipment. The civilian one can monitor your heart or blood pressure, deliver interactive games or simply work as a wearable computer. You will even be able to download new colors and patterns from the Web to change your appearance according to this article from East Valley Tribune in Arizona. Both versions should     3     the market within a few years.

Frederic Zenhausern, director of the Applied NanoBioscience Center at ASU, has joined with Ghassan Jabbour, a professor at the University of Arizona, to develop two prototypes of “biometric bodysuits” that contain embedded sensors, power sources, microfluidic devices and other gadgets not normally associated with the latest Paris fashions. Such “smart” clothing could     4     future soldiers early warning of chemical attacks or automatically deliver insulin to diabetics, Zenhausemn said. “The biometric bodysuit shows how electronics and fluidics (流体学) can be incorporated into clothing to perform a wide range of     5     tasks, from highly functional to the aesthetic.” he said.

The civilian Chameleon will have somewhat different     6    . Its biometric outfit demonstrates how miniature electronics could be embedded in clothing to promote health. It is made of clear vinyl (乙烯基) and white plastics to show the placement of various electronic and fluidic devices. In the future, such an outfit could diagnose diseases and deliver medications to the wearer, monitor heart rate or blood pressure, deliver interactive games and other forms of entertainment or     7     as a wearable computer.

Another possibility would be to download different designs from the Internet so the fabric could change colors and patterns, Zenhausern said. And it could all be made to look stylish by the     8     of electronics and high-fashion designs, he said. In fact, the concept of embedding microelectronics in fabrics has     9     far beyond clothing. Sheila Kennedy, a Boston-based architect and visiting professor at the Harvard University Graduate School of Design, sees possibilities to     10     the technology in building design. As an example, she said window shades containing organic light emitting diodes (二极管) could produce electricity from sunlight that would help generate power.

2 . Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once.Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. airflows       B. block       C. challenges       D. cool     E. critically     F. disproportionately G. principles   H. reduces       I. sensitive   J. site-specific     K. stretches

Skywell

A skywell, or “tian jin”, as it is commonly called, is a typical feature of a traditional home in southern and eastern China. Skywells were designed to reduce temperature in buildings well before air-conditioning existed. When wind blows above a skywell house, it can enter the indoor space through the opening. Because outdoor air is often cooler than indoor air, the incoming wind travels down the walls to the lower stories and creates    1    by replacing warmer indoor air, which rises and leaves through the opening.

The main purpose of a skywell is to allow in light, improve ventilation (通风) and harvest rainwater. In Huizhou, a skywell is small but tall, and the rooms around it    2    out sunlight on hot days, enabling the bottom of the skywell to stay cool. Meanwhile, hot air inside the house can rise and escape through the opening above the skywell.

Architects are now looking towards the    3    behind skywells while designing new buildings to save energy. One example is the National Heavy Vehicle Engineering Technology Research Centre in the eastern Chinese city of Jinan. The 18-storey glass-walled tower block has a giant inner skywell in the middle, which    4    from the fifth to the top floor. The elevators, toilets and meeting rooms are all situated around this channel, which helps improve the lighting and ventilation and    5    the overall energy consumption.

Ancient “green wisdom” such as skywells continue to inspire today’s climate adaptive design and innovations in methods that depend on design and technology to    6    a building without the use of power.

However, there are some    7    for bringing skywells into modern designs. The mechanisms of courtyards facilitating natural lighting, ventilation and rain collection are well known, but applying these methods needs to be    8    . Because traditional skywells had different shapes, sizes and features, which were    9    dependent on their natural surroundings, adding skywells into modern buildings requires designers to be    10    to their project’s context and situation, making it difficult to apply them as a universal solution.

3 . Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one more word than you need.

A. application       B. content       C. essential       D. estimates E. evaluation       F. finance       G. negative       H. increasingly I. refusal       J. underlines       K. marvelously

If your parents take out a loan, remind them to make the payments on time. Otherwise it will become a(n)     1     record in their personal credit reports, which are playing a(n)     2     big role in people’s daily lives. A story carried by Chongqing Morning Post in June,     3     this trend.

According to the report, a Chongqing student borrowed money from the bank to     4     his university studies. After he graduated in 2005, he went to work in Shenzhen. Later, he wanted to buy a house using loans. But several banks turned down his loan     5    . The reason was that he had not paid back 1,500 yuan he borrowed from a bank when he was at university,

A personal credit rating is becoming a(n)     6     “pass” in everyday life, as China establishes a nationwide credit database. Personal credit systems go back 150 years. In developed countries, enterprises and banks use them to decide whether or not to loan money or do other business with a person.

A credit report     7     the credit worthiness of an individual, a company, or even a country. It is a(n)     8     made by credit bureaus of a borrower’s overall credit history and his or her ability to repay debt. A poor credit rating means a high risk of defaulting on a loan, and thus leads to the     9     of a loan by the lender.

Today in China, credit history in banks is the major     10     of a credit report. But in the future, reports will include information about the payment of telephone bills, water use fees, electricity and natural gas bills, and taxes, according to officials of the People’s Bank of China, the central bank.

5 . Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. advance        B. appeal        C. association        D. differs        E. diligently        F. entirely G. frustration        H. produce        I. uncooperative        J. vague        K. worthy

The garden path

Imagine a plate holding two strawberries, identical in appearance. One came out of a supermarket box. By the time it reached the plate it may have been off the vine for two weeks. The other strawberry was picked from a garden minutes before being eaten.

The first one will probably taste like a slightly sour cucumber, with a(n)     1     hint of berry taste. The second is likely to be sweet and floral. Supermarket strawberries are not     2     without advantages: they are convenient and available in the northern hemisphere in February. But the two berries are distinct from each other in the same way that hearing music in a concert hall     3     from listening to it on a worn-out cassette. The home-grown fruit is an edible case for cultivating a home garden.

Those who long dismissed gardening as a waste of time     4     this argument with great passion. They think a garden can yield peas that taste like the vibrant, green essence of spring; tomatoes and carrots of incomparable sweetness; and lettuces and herbs that taste like themselves rather than the plastic they are usually packaged in. Growing your own vegetables, exotic or routine, ensures a reliable supply, offering quality seasonal     5     .

That attitude misrepresents the ultimate     6     of gardening: it mistakes the product for the purpose. On the other hand, a garden, especially in the easy years, can also yield little but     7     . Novice gardeners may plant the wrong crops for their soil. And even expert gardeners can lose a season’s harvest to     8     weather.

No matter. The real joy of gardening is the time spent doing it. The deepest pleasure — as with cooking writing, bringing up children or almost anything worthwhile - is in the work itself. A gardener’s memories center not on the food produced, but on long summer afternoons with hands in the dirt, surrounded by family, if the garden is at home, or deepening     9     with friends and neighbors in a community garden. To garden is to     10     help life flourish with love and patience, in the ground and above it.

6 . Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. categorise B. creation C. good D. innovative E. maximum F. packed G. pedestrianise H. processing I. shape J. short-lived K. transformation

All Change in Curitiba!

Like many other major world cities, Curitiba in southern Brazil has had to deal with issues such as pollution, poverty, and limited public funding. However, the architect and three-times mayor of the city, Jaime Lerner, has introduced some     1     solutions.

As part of his ‘Master Plan’, Lerner hoped to make the city more environmentally friendly. He initiated a recycling scheme. In return for delivering recyclable rubbish to specified     2     points, residents receive a bag of vegetables or bus tickets. As a result, Curitiba now has one of the highest recycling rates in the world. Lerner also ordered the     3     of 26 urban parks. As well as preventing pollution, these control flooding.

Lerner did not win over all the city’s residents immediately, however. When his plans to     4     part of the centre were passed, local businesses were up in arms, fearing a reduction in profits. Realising he needed to act quickly, Lerner had the     5     of six blocks completed within three days. When a group of motorists attempted to drive through the new pedestrian area, Lerner arranged for local primary schools to hold a painting workshop on the streets. The drivers were forced to turn back. Luckily for Lerner, this rebellion was     6    . The increase in profit rapidly persuaded shop owners to change their minds.

Lerner’s determination helped     7     the Curitiba of today. The average income per capita has risen from a level that was below the Brazilian average in the 1970s to 66% above the average, and surveys indicate high levels of resident satisfaction.

So, is it all just one big success story? In some respects, Curitiba may have been too successful for its own    8    . People and businesses have come to the city, which now has more than 1.8 million residents. This has put the city under enormous stress. Forty years ago, buses transported 54,000 passengers a day. Now the number is 2.3 million. According to some experts, the transport system has reached its     9     efficiency capacity. Following a rise in complaints about the noisy and     10     buses, the service is in decline.

7 . Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. qualities     B. continued     C. bodies     D. essential     E. transformations F. described     G. geological     H. shaped     I. estimated     J. cultivated     K. evolved

For the first time, scientists have mapped the whole surface of Titan, the largest moon around Saturn. The map confirms existing data showing that Titan has many Earth-like     1     that might be able to support life.

The data was collected by Cassini, a spacecraft operated by the U.S. space agency NASA. The spacecraft studied Saturn and its moons from 2004 to 2017. Astronomers used images and radar measurements from Cassini to create the     2     map of Titan.

The map shows Titan as a mixture of flat plains, hills and mountains, windblown sand areas, valleys and lakes. The mapping operation is     3     in a report published in Nature Astronomy.

Rosaly Lopes led the project. She is a planetary scientist at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California. Lopes told the publication that the many similarities between Earth and Titan make the Saturn moon a great choice for     4     exploration.

“Titan has an atmosphere like Earth's. It has wind; it has rain; it has mountains,” Lopes said.

Titan is the only planet in our solar system besides Earth to have known     5     of liquid on its surface. But Titan's seas and lakes are filled with liquid methane (甲烷) rather than water.

At cold temperatures, methane goes through similar     6     as rain does on Earth. It falls to the surface across the planet to form rivers and lakes and can then evaporate (挥发) to form clouds again.

The map found that nearly two-thirds of Titan's surface is made up of flat plains, Nature reported. About 17 percent is covered in sandy hills     7     by the wind, mostly around the equator.

Unlike Earth, Titan's sand is made up of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and oxygen. Around 14 percent of the surface is considered hilly or mountainous. Seas and lakes filled with liquid methane cover a(n)     8     1.5 percent of Titan. The liquid exists mainly closer to the planet's poles, while the equatorial areas remain drier.

Rosaly Lopes says organic materials --- those containing carbon --- in Titan's atmosphere are     9     for the growth of living organisms. “Organics are very important for the possibility of lifeon Titan, which many of us think likely would have     10     in the liquid water ocean under Titan's icy crust (硬的表面),”she said.

8 . Directions: Complete the following passages by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. celebrate       B. overlooked       C. circumstances       D. cast       E. incredibly F. factors       G. unspoken        H. swim       I. strongly       J. normal       K. assume

Self-Silencing Is Making Women Sick

In the late 1980s, Harvard-trained psychologist Dana Jack identified a recurring theme among female patients suffering from depression: a tendency to self-silence, defined as “the tendency to engage in uncontrollable caretaking, pleasing the other, and restriction of self-expression in relationships in an attempt to achieve intimacy and meet relational needs.” He found that this learned behavior,     1     rooted in gender norms, was linked to an increased risk of depression.

Since then, considerable evidence has revealed that female self-silencing isn’t just tied to psychological issues like depression and eating disorders, but also to physical illness. Most worryingly, it has also been linked to higher risk of premature death. This was true even when     2     such as age, blood pressure, and smoking were taken into account.

When women push their feelings down and     3     their needs aside, their health suffers. But it can be difficult for women to do otherwise in cultures that     4     these self-silencing practices. Moms are praised for being painstakingly selfless to the point of self-sacrifice. These     5     standards establish a vicious (恶性的) cycle. For many women, it feels easier—beneficial, even—to silence their needs at the expense of their own health, rather than     6     against the prevailing cultural current.

In his best-selling book, The Myth of Normal, physician and author Gabor Mate writes that many of our society’s most “normalized ways of being” are, in fact,     7     toxic. “That ‘not listening to self’ in order to prioritize others’ needs is a significant source of the health-impairing roles women     8    ,” Mate explains. “It is among the medically     9     but extremely harmful ways in which our society’s ‘normal’ imposes a major health cost on women.”

To reshape the virtues of womanhood, a new “    10    ” needs to emerge—one in which we honor our emotions, prioritize our needs, and actively communicate our boundaries. Such a shift requires change on both the individual and societal level, and will by no means be easy. But it’s certainly worth it—after all, women’s lives depend on it.

9 . 请用方框中单词或短语的正确形式填空，词数不限。每个单词或短语只用一次，其中有两项是多余的。

explode, integrity, urge, appoint, absurd, fetch, suspend, superior to, pros and cons, turn out

1. It was embarrassing that Sarah’s forecast ______ to be completely wrong.
2. She had an ______ to paint her nails, then she went into an expensive clothes shop.
3. It’s necessary to weigh up the ______ before making an important decision.
4. I’ve personally never subscribed to the view that either sex is ______ the other.
5. By 1853, Mark Twain was tired of Missouri. He got an ______ to see the world and started out with empty pockets.
6. It was very comfortable lying on the hospital bed with my legs ______ in the air.
7. French strawberries do not taste like cardboard. Instead, they ______ in your mouth like little flavor bombs.

10 . 请用方框中单词或短语的正确形式填空，词数不限。每个单词或短语只用一次，其中有两项是多余的。

grip, dignity, random, guilt, pace, declare, dismiss, divide, take over, conflict with

1. To be honest, it’s so difficult to preserve your ______ when you have no job and no home.
2. I feel ______ every time I tell a white lie, although I do it just to make somebody feel better.
3. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, a large number of employees have ______ from their posts.
4. More and more jobs are being ______ by machines.
5. “Please don’t go,” he said, ______ her arm.
6. We received several questions, we picked one at ______ and answered it.
7. The sun and moon looked as if they were being thrown across the sky, but soon there was ______ between night and day.
8. Germany ______ war on France on 1 August 1914.