1 . It's really true what people say about English politeness: it's everywhere．When squeezing past someone in a narrow aisle, people say "sorry"．When getting off a bus, English passengers say "thank you" rather than the driver．In Germany, people would never dream of doing these things．
After all, squeezing past others sometimes can't be avoided．and the bus driver is merely doing his job．I used lo think the same way, without questioning it, until I started traveling to the British Isles and came to appreciate some more polite ways of communicating with people．
People thank each other everywhere in England, all the time．When people buy something in a shop, customer and retail assistant in most cases thank each other twice or more．In Germany, it would be exceptional to hear more than one thank you in such a conversation．British students thank their lecturers when leaving the room．English employers thank their employees for doing their jobs as opposed to Germans, who would normally think that paying their workers money is already enough．
Another thing I observed during my stay was that English people rarely criticize others．Even when I was working and mistakes were pointed out to me．my employers stressed several times but none of their explanations were intended as criticism．It has been my impression that by avoiding criticism, English people are making an effort to make others feel comfortable．This also is shown in other ways．British men still open doors for women, and British men are more likely to treat women to a meal than German men．However, 1 do need to point out here that this applies to English men a bit more than it would to Scottish men' Yes, the latter are a bit tightfisted．
1. What is the author's attitude towards English politeness?

A．He appreciates it	B．He gives no personal opinion
C．He thinks it is artificial	D．He thinks it goes too far．

2. What can we learn about customers and retail assistants in Germany?

A．It's always a retail assistant who says thank you．

B．A customer never says thank you to a retail assistant．

C．They always say thank you to each other．

D．They may say thank you only once．

3. We can learn from the last paragraph that Scottish men _____．

A．are more likely to be involved in a fighting．

B．are not so willing to spend money for women．

C．are more polite than English men.

D．treat women in a polite way.

4. The author develops the text through the method of        .

A．giving comments	B．telling stories
C．making comparisons	D．giving reasons

2 . After the earthquake hit northeast Japan on March 11, 2011, many touching stories that I saw with my own eyes happened around me.          

I had to walk home since all the _______ had stopped after the quake. On my way home I _______an old Japanese lady at the bakery shop who was giving out free bread, which made my heart _______. A middle-aged Japanese man was holding a sign that said, “Please use our _______.” He was _______ his house for people to go to the restroom. My friend wanted to _______ others. He stood in the cold with a sign “If you are okay with a motorcycle, I will _______ you to your house.” And then I saw him take one gentleman home, all the way to faraway place! Then the next day I drove to _______ my car with gas. There was a _______of gas now and many gasoline stations were either closed or had very ________ lines. I got ________, since I was behind 15 cars. Finally, when it was my ________, the man smiled and said, “________this situation, we are only giving $ 30 worth gas per person. Is that alright?” “Of course, I’m just glad that we are all able to ________,” I said. His smile gave me so much ________.

I saw a man at the evacuation (疏散) center ________ when people brought food to him. It was the first time in three days that food has been brought to their center. However, after he wiped the tears, his next ________ surprised me. “I am very ________ that we are provided with food. But people in the city next to us haven’t ________ any food at all. Please go to that centre as well.” And when hearing that, I realized there is a bright future on the other side of this ________.

1.

A．traffic

B．rescue

C．communication

D．businesses

2.

A．missed

B．caught

C．noticed

D．heard

3.

A．hungry

B．soft

C．broken

D．warm

4.

A．toilet

B．hotel

C．hospital

D．house

5.

A．advertising

B．opening

C．repairing

D．decorating

6.

A．encourage

B．save

C．charge

D．assist

7.

A．drive

B．follow

C．lead

D．send

8.

A．start

B．fill

C．check

D．wash

9.

A．plenty

B．lack

C．variety

D．diversity

10.

A．direct

B．straight

C．long

D．short

11.

A．worried

B．lucky

C．excited

D．annoyed

12.

A．time

B．turn

C．duty

D．decision

13.

A．Apart from

B．Together with

C．Because of

D．Instead of

14.

A．share

B．offer

C．tolerate

D．transform

15.

A．comfort

B．pleasure

C．trouble

D．entertainment

16.

A．waiting

B．grabbing

C．sleeping

D．crying

17.

A．promises

B．roles

C．actions

D．remarks

18.

A．upset

B．grateful

C．surprised

D．proud

19.

A．bought

B．supplied

C．prepared

D．received

20.

A．city

B．center

C．lesson

D．disaster

3 .        With the development of society and economy, animals and their habitats are getting pushed aside as households decrease in size and increase in number.

Small numbers of people per household on average use more energy and goods per person. Greater numbers of households require more natural resources for construction. The possible result of this problem may be insufficient natural resources to meet consumer demand without endangering habitats important to biodiversity.

Personal freedom and social choice may come at huge environmental cost. Direct costs include visible damage to animal habitats and plant life. Indirect costs include the release of more greenhouse gases.

The effects of such “personal freedom and social choice” have already surfaced in south-west China’s Wolong Nature Reserve. In Wolong, they found that a reduced average household size was directly tied to an increase in homes, and thus an increase in the amount of firewood consumed for cooking and heating. The rise in wood fuel use has contributed to disappearance of forests and to the loss of habitats for giant pandas.

Curious about whether other parts of the world were experiencing similar phenomena, they got the support of a team of researchers including Stanford’s Paul Ehrlich, well-known for his population studies, to find out the household dynamics in 141 countries between 1985 and 2000. Their study proved that the difficult choice of Wolong is part of a global trend.

In the 76 countries considered biodiversity “hotspots”, such as the United States, Brazil, Australia, and Kenya, the number of households grew by 3.1% every year, while the population increased just 1.8%. Meanwhile, the number of people per home dropped from 4.7 to 4.0. The decline in household size has resulted in 155 million additional households in hotspot countries, almost always limiting biodiversity.

In the 10 non-hotspot countries — those without high-density areas of animal and plant species — similar results were found, though on a lesser scale. Even in countries experiencing population decline, such as New Zealand, the number of households still increased because of a reduction in household size.

1. What does the underlined word “insufficient” mean?

A．Plenty of.

B．Not enough.

C．Abundant.

D．Little.

2. It can be learned from the passage that China’s Wolong Nature Reserve__________.

A．is facing the same threat as many other parts of the world

B．sets a good example in protecting animals

C．is a place where giant pandas and their habitats are not affected

D．is a place where animals and their habitats are seriously damaged

3. Which of the following is best supported by the last two paragraphs?

A．Biodiversity is better kept in countries with smaller populations.

B．Biodiversity is better kept in hotspot countries.

C．The threat to nature from reduction in household size is a worldwide problem.

D．Both hotspot countries and non-hotspot countries face the threat of the same scale.

4. What does the passage mainly talk about?

A．Reduced household size leads to an increase in household number.

B．Modern homes consume more natural resources.

C．How to meet consumer demand without endangering animals and their habitats.

D．Reduction in household size as well as increase in household number threatens nature.

4 . In no country, ________ Britain, it has been said, can one experience four seasons in the course of a single day.

A．other than

B．more than

C．better than

D．rather than

5 . Whether in the workplace or on the football field, effective teamwork can produce amazing results．However, working successfully as a team is not as easy as it may seem．Effective teamwork certainly does not just happen automatically; it take s a great deal of hard work and compromise．There are a number of factors that must be in place to make a good team．
Effective leadership is one of the most important components of good teamwork．The team’s leader should possess the skills to create and preserve a positive working environment and motivate and inspire the team members to take a positive approach to work and be highly committed．An effective team leader will promote a high level of spirit and make them feel supported and valued．
Communication is a vital factor of all interpersonal relationship and especially that of a team．Team member s must be able to articulate their feelings, express plans and goals, share ideas and see each other’s opinions．
Conflicts will arise no matter how well a team functions together．The best way to deal with conflicts is to have some organized methods of handling conflicts．Team members should be able to voice their concerns without fear of offending others．Instead of avoiding conflict issues, a hands-on approach that settles them quickly is much better．It is often advised that the team leader sit with the conflicting parties and help work out their differences without taking sides and trying to remain objective if possible．
The team leader must set a good example to create good teamwork．In order to keep team members positive and committed and motivated, the team leader herself / himself needs to show these qualities．The team turns to the leader for support and guidance．So any negative words or behaviors on the leader’s part can be disastrous．
Regardless of what type of work you are in, knowing how to effectively work on and with a team is going to be extremely important to your success and that of your team．
1. Effective leadership is important partly because ___________________．

A．it creates a positive working environment

B．it helps a leader to develop lots of skills

C．it makes a leader feel supported and valued

D．it depends on interpersonal relationship of a team

2. The underlined word “articulate” probably means _________________．

A．hide

B．feel

C．plan

D．express

3. When conflicts arise among team members, the team leader should ___________________．

A．worry about the team members	B．ignore the team members’ voices
C．work out their differences	D．try to avoid conflict issues

4. Which is the best title for the passage?

A．Football And Teamwork	B．Communication And Teamwork
C．What Makes Effective Teamwork	D．How to Handle Conflicts in a Team

6 . The paper studies some _______ cases in which something somehow wrong leads to the miscommunication, so that English teachers may improve their teaching.

A．distant

B．typical

C．exotic

D．misleading

7 . Most schools forbid chewing gum, but in a few years they might consider changing that rule. Why? Scientists are finding evidence that gum chewing may be good for your health. It may even help improve your test scores.
This exciting research is just beginning. And in the meantime, companies are also experimenting with adding vitamins, minerals, medicines, and other substances that could give gum the power to cure headaches and fight everything from serious diseases to bad breath.
Other researchers are finding that gum might work better than a pill to deliver medicines and other substances into the bloodstream. That’s because the lining (膜) of our cheeks can absorb certain substances more quickly than our stomachs and intestines (肠) can.
That discovery could help other researchers develop medicine-containing gums that fight colds, ease headaches, battle nervousness, and more. Scientists might even create antimicrobial (抗菌的) gums that cure bad breath.
Those projects may take years, but gum scientists have already had at least one recent success: They’ve created a gum that could help us stay awake.
Researchers have produced a gum called Stay Alert. Each stick has as much caffeine as a cup of coffee. It can take an hour for the caffeine in coffee to have its full effect, but the caffeine in Stay Alert hits in just a few minutes.
The gum is easy to transport and it’s stable in cold and hot climates. Unlike a pill, it doesn’t require water to swallow. Those qualities make it easy for soldiers to use.
For now, Stay Alert is available only to the military (军队). The manufacturer may one day offer it for sale to the public. People who work at night, such as truck drivers and medical personnel who ride in ambulances, might benefit from a product like Stay Alert.
1. The passage mainly talks about _____.

A．the rule of forbidding chewing gum in school

B．new research on chewing gum

C．different kinds of chewing gum

D．the relationship between chewing gum and medicine

2. What does the underlined word “hits” in Paragraph 6 probably mean?

A．Touches.

B．Attacks.

C．Takes effect.

D．Affects badly.

3. According to the passage, Stay Alert is a gum which can help people _____.

A．stay awake	B．fight colds
C．cure headaches	D．overcome nervousness

4. It can be inferred from the passage that _____.

A．stay Alert is not easy to store

B．stay Alert needs water to swallow

C．stay Alert is available to the public now

D．we can’t buy gums that cure bad breath now