1 . In the movie Aquamam(海王), there are many big toothy sea creatures(生物). But it’s the city of Atlantis that really draws more people’s attention. Atlantis here is an entire underwater kingdom. Whales swim through disk-shaped buildings. It’s enough to make anyone wish for life under the sea. But while that underwater life looks peaceful, it comes with a lot of pressure(压力).
Above water, you-and everything on the planet-are under a bit of pressure. But you don’t notice it because your body is used to this pressure. Climb to the top of a mountain and there will be less air above you. That means there is less pressure. But dive into the ocean, you’ll quickly discover what real pressure is.
Water is heavier than air. The deeper you swim below the surface, the more strongly you feel water pressure. Every 10 meters (or about 33 feet) of depth adds another 6.6 kilograms per square centimeter of pressure. “If you took an empty plastic water bottle and went down 75 feet, it would be pressed to change its shape,” notes George Elvin. He works at North Carolina State University in Raleigh.
People are a bit stronger than empty plastic water bottles, of course. But they can be hurt. “The deepest human dive(潜水) unprotected by anything is about 1,000 feet,” Elvin says. At this depth, the body is experiencing 100 times the amount of pressure it experiences above the surface. At a deeper depth, Elvin explains, there’s so much pressure that many parts of your body-such as your lungs-would simply fail to work. If your lungs don’t work, you can’t breathe.
Most people live on the dry ground, but there are a few who live underwater for short periods, where the pressure is not too high. Even then, though, they require time to get used to water pressure, notes Roger Garcia, director of the Aquarius Reef Base. It’s an underwater living place where scientists can live for a few days when they study the ocean. The inside of this place is filled with air kept at the same pressure as the water outside. At that depth, Garcia says, it doesn’t really feel like the water is pressing in on all sides, and he’s got plenty of experience with it. There’s only one thing he notices. “The gas is denser(密度大的) than that at sea level,” he notes, “so most of the time your voice is a little bit deeper.” Returning to the surface, however, isn’t easy. As someone swims to the surface, water pressure drops. This can form bubbles in the body. If those bubbles form in the blood or brain, they can cause pain in your body.
1. What can we know about Atlantis shown in the movie Aquamam according to paragraph 1?| A．It is just partly under the water. |
| B．It’s built by big toothy sea creatures. |
| C．It attracts people more than the sea creatures. |
| D．It’s in danger because of high water pressure. |
| A．Dive at most 75 feet for safety. |
| B．Swim quickly and breathe deeply. |
| C．Take a plastic bottle to reduce water pressure. |
| D．Avoid going anywhere deeper than about 1,000 feet. |
| A．Water pressure is too high in it. | B．Denser air there changes sound a bit. |
| C．Bubbles in the deep water deepen voice. | D．There isn’t so much gas in the deep water. |
| A．Atlantis in the movie Aquamam. | B．Pressure we can feel under the sea. |
| C．Dangers of living undersea for long. | D．Ways to deal with high water pressure. |
2 . From the Karakoram Mountain to the Indus River plain, Pakistan is home to many breathtaking landscapes.
Kaghan Valley
Kaghan Valley is a place of fairytales. According to one version of a local legend, a prince of Persia fell in love with a fairy princess in the valley. But a giant (巨人) was also in love with the princess. One day, she escaped with the prince. In his anger, the giant flooded the valley and created lakes with his tears. Today, visitors from around the world travel to Keghan Valley for its beautiful lakes, mountain scenery, and clear night skies.
Baltoro Glacier
Baltoro Glacier is one of the world’s largest glacier valleys. Though difficult to access, it is one of the most highly visited regions in Pakistan because of mountain climbing destinations like K2, Broad Peak, and the Gasherbrum peaks in this area. Baltoro Glacier is not only known for its scenery, but as a life source-a large percentage of northern Pakistan’ s population depends on the water from Baltoro Glacier.
Deosai National Park
Known as “Land of the Giants”, the park is swept by wildflowers and rare butterflies each spring. This biodiversity hot spot is home to the Tibetan wolf, Himalayan ibex, Tibetan red fox and the critically endangered Himalayan brown bear. The park was given Wold Heritage status in 2016.
Hingol National Park
Hingol National Park is the largest national park in Pakistan. While it is well-known for its diverse (各式各样的) wildlife, it is perhaps best known for its active mud volcanoes. One of the most famous mud volcanoes is Chandragup, a sacred site for Hindus. Every spring, more than 40,000 people went there to honor the goddess Sati. Before they pay their respect to the goddess at a nearby temple, they have to clean their bodies with the mud.
1. What can tourists do in Kaghan Valley?| A．Enjoy its beautiful scenery. | B．Pay respect to the goddess Sati. |
| C．See active mud volcanoes. | D．Climb the world’s highest mountain. |
| A．Kaghan Valley. | B．Hingol National Park. |
| C．Baltoro Glacier. | D．Deosai National Park. |
| A．They are sacred sites for Hindus. | B．They are known for diverse wildlife. |
| C．They are famous volcanic parks. | D．They are given World Heritage status. |
要点：1.你梦想中的工作是什么?
2. 为什么有这样的梦想?
3. 为了实现梦想将如何努力?
注意：词数80词左右
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4 . Sam Felstead, 42, suffered a heart attack around 4:30 am while sleeping at home. Her 7-year-old cat, Billy, seemingly
After
“I was a bit
Felstead believes her cat
“He doesn’t
Felstead spent three days in the
| A．noticed | B．showed | C．remembered | D．told |
| A．fast | B．loud | C．kindly | D．clearly |
| A．sitting | B．looking | C．waking | D．standing |
| A．wound | B．pain | C．fear | D．anxiety |
| A．help | B．advice | C．medicine | D．attention |
| A．patients | B．doctors | C．her neighbor | D．her friend |
| A．worried | B．touched | C．shocked | D．disappointed |
| A．ill | B．tired | C．bored | D．sleepy |
| A．Finally | B．Usually | C．Suddenly | D．Naturally |
| A．see | B．hear | C．move | D．breathe |
| A．legs | B．arms | C．head | D．chest |
| A．saved | B．cost | C．improved | D．brightened |
| A．calmly | B．carefully | C．normally | D．nervously |
| A．funny | B．wrong | C．missing | D．acceptable |
| A．shop | B．hospital | C．market | D．station |
5 . Parents with high expectations for their children are nothing new to Chinese kids. However, people often don’t realize that children also have expectations of their parents.
China Youth & Children Research Center did a survey in 2018 on this topic in the United States, Japan, South Korea and China. It showed that 83.8 percent of Chinese children want to be friends with their parents.
But the reality is different.
Act like an adult.
If you want your parents to give you more freedom, you should show them that you’re ready to be treated differently. For example, learn to use self-control. Show them that you can manage your time well.
US psychologist Carl E. Pickhardt wrote in Psychology Today that sharing feelings with our parents can lead to positive changes, while not sharing them can cause misunderstandings.
Do something nice or helpful for your parents. For example, help them with some home chores, make them gifts or teach them some computer skills. Their trust in you will grow.
| A．Open your heart. |
| B．Traditional Chinese values might be a reason. |
| C．Be a good student at school. |
| D．Both parents and children should make efforts to create friendship in the family. |
| E．Care for your parents. |
| F．Chinese parents tend to spoil their children. |
| G．What expectations do Chinese children have for parent-child relationships? |
6 . The FiFA World cup is upon us in Qatar and excitement is truly kicking in. It’s the world’s biggest international soccer tournament and also the most-watched sporting event in the world. There are 32 teams competing to win. This year’s tournament looks to be particularly unique. What makes it different from the ones before?
For starters, it’s the first time the tournament has been held in the Middle East after Qatar beat other host competitors- the US, South Korea, Japan and Australia back in 2010. It’s also the first time in history the tournament is happening during the Northern Hemisphere winter months, from Nov 20 to Dec 18.
That’s because Qatar is a desert country, and in summer the temperature can be as high as 42℃. That’s way too hot to play outdoor sports. But it will still be pretty warm in winter. The temperature in the stadium is expected to be around 20℃ to 30℃. Air conditioning will help to keep it cooler.
Qatar is also the smallest nation by area to host the cup. They’ll be playing the first match of the tournament facing Ecuador. It’s Qatar’s first-ever FIFA World Cup game. This makes them the first country to host their debut(首秀) game since Italy in 1934!
There may be new challenges for many players too. Apart from the hot weather, for European teams like England, France, Germany and Spain, it’s only just over a year since their last big international tournament, the UEFA Champions League.
According to FIFA’s rankings, the favorites to win the tournament this year are Brazil, followed by Argentina and France.
1. How long does the 2022 FIFA World Cup last?| A．Half a month. | B．A week. | C．Twenty Days. | D．About a month. |
a. It’s the first country to build a stadium in a desert.
b. It’s the first country in northern Hemisphere to hold the game in winter.
c. It’s the first country in the Middle East to hold the tournament.
d. It’s the smallest nation by area to host the cup.
e. It’s the first ever host country to play the first game of the cup.
| A．abc | B．ace | C．bcd | D．cde |
| A．Hot weather won’t influence players in the game. |
| B．Qatar is facing the challenge of dealing with hot weather. |
| C．European teams haven’t had a proper game for a long time. |
| D．European teams have not had long to recover from their last big tournament. |
| A．Qatari people’s opinions toward the game. |
| B．The author’s guess of who will win the tournament. |
| C．Which countries are favored to win the cup. |
| D．What people’s expectations of Qatar are. |
7 . Reading people’s minds seems to be a superpower that only exists in movies. But scientists have now made it possible to translate people’s brain waves!
Researchers at the University of California, San Francisco developed a new device. It can turn brain waves into words on a screen in front of the user. In the study, they tested it with a paralyzed (瘫痪) man.
“To our knowledge, this is the first successful demonstration of direct decoding of full words from the brain of someone who is paralyzed and cannot speak.” said Edward Chang, the senior author of the study. Each year, thousands of people lose the ability to speak due to accidents or diseases. With up to 93 percent accuracy, the new device shows “strong promise” to let these people fully communicate in the future.
One problem with such mind-reading machines, however, is that they have to put electrodes into people’s brains. It’s inconvenient and has health risks. But scientists from the University of Texas, US, have taken steps to change this. They tried to translate people’s thoughts without even touching their heads, reported Live Science.
The new brain scanning technique is called FMRI, or functional magnetic resonance imaging. It’s a safer way of “reading” brain activity. Active brain cells have more oxygen. By tracking this, scientists can translate brain activity.
The team asked participants to listen to 16 hours of radio shows while scanning their brains. Then they used a computer algorithm (算法) to create a story based on the FMRI recording. It matched the radio shows pretty well.
In other tests, the algorithm could basically explain the story of a silent movie that the participants watched. It could even retell a story that the participants imagined in their heads. Although it’s not a word-for-word translation, the technique provides many possibilities.
1. What do the words “strong promise” mean?| A．The device has high accuracy. | B．The device can make a promise. |
| C．The device makes no mistakes. | D．The device makes a paralyzed man speak. |
| A．It puts electrodes into people’s brains. |
| B．It tracks the oxygen of brain cells. |
| C．It makes predictions based on people’s habits. |
| D．It guesses people’s thoughts randomly. |
| A．It’s safer. | B．It’s cheaper. | C．It’s smaller in size. | D．It’s more accurate. |
| A．It can only record what participants hear. |
| B．It can record every detail of participants minds. |
| C．Its recordings can be used to retell what participants had seen and heard. |
| D．It is accurate because it can tell imagination from fact. |
8 . During his first years at Cambridge University, Stephen Hawking’s life was full of color. He felt as if the world was in his hands and he had a promising future. But to his surprise, his life changed. A rare disease stood in the way of his university life. When he went to see a doctor, he got the saddest news of his life. He had motor neurone disease (运动神经元病), a disease that causes the muscles to become weaker and ends in paralysis (瘫痪).
For someone in his 20s, with lots of promise and dreams, it was no doubt terrible news. What was worse, the doctor told him that the average life expectancy for people with his disease was no more than two years. In one moment, his world broke into pieces. But rather than feel sorry for himself, he made peace with life. He accepted that he wouldn’t live long, but he wanted to make his life brighter. He continued studying physics and later, as we know, he made great contributions to the field.
When he lived past the average life expectancy of two years, he surprised everybody. And more surprisingly, he lived for decades more. During those years, he got married and became a father to three children. On March 14, 2018, Hawking died in Cambridge, UK at the age of 76.
Stephen Hawking didn’t stop when he had difficulties. He contributed to the world with his strong will. He is seen as the greatest scientist since Albert Einstein. Without a doubt. his life was still colorful and meaningful.
1. What does the phrase “stand in the way of...” mean?| A．to walk in a special way | B．to try to stop something |
| C．to make one look like something | D．to help somebody do better in something |
| A．He went to see the most famous doctor in the field. |
| B．He accepted that he should live peacefully. |
| C．He decided to help more people like him. |
| D．He tried to make the best of his life. |
| A．He never got married. | B．He adopted three children. |
| C．He went on studying physics. | D．He died at the age the doctor guessed. |
| A．He was a great man with a strong will. | B．He gave up in the face of difficulties. |
| C．He lived a colorful and meaningful life. | D．He made great contributions to the world. |
9 . Kids have a lot on their minds. Dealing with school, family, activities, and all of the other big parts of life is hard enough. The recent rise in Omicron cases in the US is causing more stress on them. It can be difficult to think of how to cheer themselves up.
Connect with people you love. Reaching out to friends and family can make a huge difference.
Talk to a trusted adult. If you’re feeling down. Dr. Murthy suggests confiding (倾诉)in a trusted adult.
Help others.
| A．Take care of your body |
| B．Regular exercise helps body building |
| C．It is a good chance to speak out how you feel |
| D．This might be a family member, a teacher or a doctor |
| E．You don’t have to discuss anything sad with your loved ones |
| F．Service is one of the best ways to get out of sadness and loneliness |
| G．Vivek Murthy, the country’s top doctor, offers some advice for this purpose |
10 . Hurricanes are large storms that produce winds of 119 kilometers per hour or higher. That’s faster than a cheetah, the fastest animal on land. Hurricanes are not only some of the planet’s most violent storms, but also the costliest natural disasters in the United States, researchers reported in 2019 in the journal PNAS. Ranking (排名) the most damaging hurricanes, however, depends on the measures used: usually, economic cost or lives lost.
Katrina was the most expensive hurricane of all time, causing a huge economic loss when it sabotaged New Orleans and other Gulf Coast areas. The cost was over $186 billion, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Katrina’s losses swallowed 1% of the US GDP, or the total value of goods produced and services provided by a country in one year, according to the PNAS study.
John Nielsen-Gammon, a professor of atmospheric sciences at Texas A & M University, told Live Science that the next costliest hurricane was 2017’s hurricane Harvey, which caused $149 billion of damage, mostly due to rainfall that produced widespread flooding across southeast Texas, including Houston.
“Those two storms top the list for economic damage both worldwide and in the US, which is no accidence,” Nielsen-Gammon added. “The most damaging hurricanes are most likely to occur where you have lots of expensive buildings,” he said. “That’s why two United States hurricanes top the list.”
In 2017, Hurricane Maria caused $107 billion in damage in Puerto Rico, placing it third on NOAA’s list of the costliest US storms. Hurricane Sandy, which flooded New York City’s subway tunnels and other areas in 2012, came next on the list ($82 billion), followed by 2021’s Hurricane Ida, which flooded Louisiana. Developing countries also suffered a lot from hurricanes.
1. Why is a cheetah mentioned in paragraph 1?| A．To show the fast speed of hurricanes. |
| B．To compare the speed between hurricanes and a cheetah. |
| C．To state the bad effect on wild animals from hurricanes. |
| D．To explain how the fastest animal survives the hurricanes. |
| A．Followed. | B．Ignored. | C．Destroyed. | D．Defended. |
| A．The reason why Katrina in the US topped the list. |
| B．The reason why hurricanes took place in the US. |
| C．The effect of two hurricanes on American economy. |
| D．The damage to buildings caused by hurricanes in the US. |
| A．Types of different hurricanes in Britain. |
| B．Countries suffering from hurricanes in 2022. |
| C．Ways to prevent hurricanes in developing countries. |
| D．The loss hurricanes brought to developing countries. |
