1 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Do you know the importance of Chinese culture? In fact, the “rice bow!” culture of China has also played a role in some Asian     1     (country) such as Japan, Korea and Vietnam since human beings started to use chopsticks (筷子)     2     they are eating food.

Chopsticks are usually two long thin pieces of wood or bamboo. They can also be     3     (make) of plastic, animal’s bone or metal. The most important thing is that chopsticks are great inventions (发明) in ancient China.

When did people start to use chopsticks? Maybe five     4     (thousand) years ago, people usually cooked their food in large pots, using sticks to take     5     away. Later, people found it difficult to eat all the food and began     6     (cut) the food into small pieces. Food in small pieces could be eaten     7     (easy) with twigs (细枝) by people. And twigs were changed into chopsticks little by little.

Some people think that the famous Confucius (孔子) who lived     8     about 551 BC to479 BC pushed the development of chopsticks. Confucius believed that using chopsticks     9     of knives would tell people to stay away from killing and violence (暴力) at table. We enjoy our food with our family members or friends while we are feeling     10     (peace) and enjoyable by using chopsticks at table anytime.

2 . The ability to keep calm is one of his ___________ (strong). （所给词的适当形式填空）

3 . Big City Bus Driver

When I was 20, I went to stay with a friend for two weeks in Vancouver. My friend worked during the day, so I decided to go _______ on my own. I knew where I was and where I wanted to go, the Vancouver Aquarium (温哥华水族馆). It sounded _______.

But soon I was completely _______. I boarded a bus, figuring it must do a circle, right? I rode a good half hour before becoming impatient and then got off. I walked quite a while, up and down various blocks, but had no idea where I was.

I’ve lived in a tiny town all my life, rarely leaving it. Being a “small town girl”, I admit I’m fairly _______ about city life. People at home always told me city people were cold and unconcerned about others, so I was afraid to _______ to anyone.

I got on another bus, and then another again. Finally, after hours, I decided to get on ONE bus, and stay on until I recognized something. I rode over half an hour. Nothing ever seemed _______. When I became the only passenger on the bus, I began to get _______. I had no cellphone, and didn’t even know my friend’s office telephone number.

As I was about to give up and leave the bus, the driver asked where I wanted to go, I told him the aquarium, and he laughed, saying his bus wouldn’t go anywhere near. I _______ back in my seat, really afraid and upset. He asked where I was from, and I told him what had happened and now I just wanted to go back to my friend’s place.

_______, the driver pulled the bus over and called me to the front. He gave me detailed ________ as to which buses to take, and how to understand the bus system. He ________ printed the bus tickets I needed from his machine.

I was shocked. He spent a good twenty minutes with me, telling me everything I needed to know, before giving me the tickets. I thanked him repeatedly, and asked him how much I ________ for the tickets. “Nothing. Just get yourself to your friend’s home.”

Thanks to his ________, I was able to make my way back to my friend’s house. I don’t know what I would have done if that driver had not taken the ________ to help me. What people had told me was not true. City people ________, just like the driver. I never did learn his name, but I’ll always remember him.

1.

A．marching

B．shopping

C．cycling

D．exploring

2.

A．simple

B．special

C．far

D．true

3.

A．late

B．tired

C．alone

D．lost

4.

A．guilty

B．impatient

C．ignorant

D．serious

5.

A．walk

B．nod

C．talk

D．write

6.

A．familiar

B．interesting

C．necessary

D．ordinary

7.

A．scared

B．surprised

C．angry

D．curious

8.

A．looked

B．sank

C．dropped

D．kept

9.

A．Obviously

B．Amazingly

C．Gradually

D．Usually

10.

A．appointments

B．positions

C．instructions

D．requirements

11.

A．only

B．ever

C．almost

D．even

12.

A．bought

B．owed

C．ordered

D．charged

13.

A．courage

B．honesty

C．kindness

D．trust

14.

A．time

B．pain

C．place

D．risk

15.

A．serve

B．behave

C．care

D．understand

4 .

Cooking Meat Poultry Meat and poultry cooked throughout to these temperatures are generally safe to eat. FRESH BEEF Celsius Fahrenheit CURED PORK Rare 60 140* Ham, Raw Medium 71 160 (Cook before Well Done 77 170 eating) 71 160 Ground Beef 77 170 Ham, Fully FRESH VEAL 77 170 cooked FRESH LAMB (Heat before Medium 77 170 serving) 60 140 Well Done 82 180 Shoulder FRESH PORK 77 170 (Cook before eating) 70 170 POULTRY GAME Chicken 82-85 180-185 Deer 71-77 160-170 Turkey 82-85 180-185 Rabbit 82-85 180-185 Boneless Duck 82-85 180-185 Turkey Roasts 77-80 170-175 Goose 82-85 180-185 Stuffing *Rare beef is popular, but you should know that cooking it to only 140℉ means some food poisoning organisms may survive.    (Inside or    outside    the bird) 74 165

Bacteria are the one of the main food prisoners. So, to get food on the table safely, you need to know and follow the rules for food care.

KEEP FOOD HOT

High food temperatures (165℉ to 212℉) reached in boiling, baking, frying, and roasting kill most food poisoning bacteria. If you want to delay serving cooked food, though, you have to keep it at a holding temperature — roughly 140℉ to 165℉. Steam tables and chafing dishes are designed to maintain holding temperatures. But they don’t always keep food hot enough. So it’s not wise to leave hot food out more than 2 hours.

When cooked food is left out unheated, the possibility of bacterial growth is greater, since the food quickly drops to room temperature where food poisoners multiply.

To serve hot foods safely — particularly meat and poultry, which are highly affected by food poisoning — follow these rules:

● Cook thoroughly — Cook meat and poultry to the “doneness” temperatures given in the above chart. To make sure that meat and poultry are cooked all the way through, use a meat thermometer (温度计). Insert the tip into the thickest part of the meat, avoiding fat or bone.

       ● Don’t interrupt cooking — Cook meat and poultry completely at one time. Partial cooking may encourage bacterial growth before cooking is complete.

● Cooking frozen food — Allow frozen food more time to cook — generally 1.5 times the period required for food that has been thawed (解冻).

1. At what temperature do bacteria grow the fastest?

A．40℃～60℃.	B．60℉～125℉.
C．40℃～140℃.	D．125℉～140℉.

2. To keep food safe, it is suggested that ________.

A．hot food should not be left out over two hours

B．frozen food should be thawed with a microwave oven

C．raw ham should be cooked to the “doneness” temperature at 71℉

D．steam tables and chafing dishes should be used to keep food hot enough

3. What can be learned according to the guideline?

A．The only way to ensure food safety is to keep it hot enough.

B．High food temperatures above 74℃ destroy most poisoning bacteria.

C．Compared with goose, ground beef should be cooked to higher temperatures.

D．Insert the tip of a thermometer into the thickest part of the fat to control the temperature.

5 . Alone in the wilderness. Nothing but jungle. A world of shadow with the rays of light falling like blonde hair from the crowns of the giant trees. Jungle in the midday sun. Everything motionless. Not a sound from sky or earth. Complete silence. Only some coconuts falling, at long intervals, very far away. The world reduced to the soft touch of cool grass along my naked back, and a sweet smell of rich soil and vegetation. Stretched out with closed eyes beside my heavy burden of fruit and firewood, I enjoyed the feeling of fresh blood streaming through every part of my body and fresh jungle air filling every corner of my lungs.

Resting motionless, I could see the sun through my closed eyelids, alone in the sky, as lonely as I, and as motionless and silent as everything else. The earth had surely stopped turning and somewhere on this planet there was supposed to be roaring traffic in busy streets. What a crazy, unbelievable thought!

Another coconut fell, to make the world come to a complete standstill. I had to roll over onto my stomach to feel that at least I could move and make noises. Then I found company. A little brown ant was struggling to find its way with a bit of dry straw through the jungle of leaves and grass below my nose. I wondered if I could give the little fellow a lift with its burden, but it showed not the slightest sign of tiredness and struggled on with all six legs, head first or head last, waving its feelers energetically as if the trip had just started. Who ever saw a tired ant? Tiredness, disagreeable tiredness, is restricted to hunted animals, slaves and modern man. It is as great an effort for an office clerk to walk five blocks with a loaded brief-case as it is for a jungle-dweller to cross a valley with a goat on his back. It is as hard to get up and climb or run when you have been seated for years as it is to get up and walk when you have been in bed for months. The body is strange. Spare it, and you get really tired for almost nothing; use it, and almost nothing makes you really tired.

I rose to my feet. I had heard a horse neighing down in the valley. Above me, on the open highland plains, there were wild horses. But down in the valley there was never a horse unless there was a man on it. Somebody was making his way up the valley and my wife was alone.

1. The author mentions coconuts’ falling to ________.

A．show his loneliness	B．add beauty to the jungle
C．express his love of nature	D．stress the absolute silence

2. How does the author feel about the ant?

A．He admired its attitude toward work.

B．He was amazed at its tireless efforts.

C．He showed sympathy for the little ant.

D．He was content to have it as a companion.

3. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the author would probably ________.

A．work harder than before	B．talk to the man on the horse
C．make his way home	D．stay in the valley

4. We can learn from the passage that the author ________.

A．enjoyed being alone	B．had an unforgettable adventure
C．missed his busy life in the city	D．experienced a world of quietness

6 . The constant rise of global demand for protein poses a threat of meat shortage in the agricultural sector. To address this, a few scientists use artificial meat as an alternative to traditional ones, which from the growing process to its benefits proves it does no harm or even it does good to us.

Currently, one of the most advanced techniques to grow meat in the lab involves taking cells from an animal and changing them to muscle cells. The cells are then cultured with nutrients and essential vitamins and can be developed to any quantity and then shaped into hamburgers, steaks or mince, and so it is also called “cultured” meat. “Cultured meat is not genetically engineered,” Dr. Mark Post of Maastricht University says. “It is meat grown from the same cells that produce the meat in the cow, but this time outside the cow.” He believes that cultured meat shouldn’t be any better or worse for you than old-school animal flesh.

This may sound like science fiction, but it is not such a strange idea and there are reasons to be excited about it. The environment impacts of cultured meat could be lower than those of meat produced in the conventional way,“ said Hanna Tuomisto, a researcher at Oxford University. The process would require between 7% and 45% less energy than the same volume of conventionally produced meat such as pork, beef or lamb, and could be engineered to use only 1% of the land and 4% of the water associated with conventional meat. Tuomisto’s research also shows that cultured meat could be part of the solution to feeding the world’s growing population, at the same time cutting emissions (排放) and saving both energy and water.

Aside from the above benefits, cultured meat should also provide cheap nutrition. Animal protein is an increasing part of diets, as millions of people in rapidly emerging economies are drawn out of poverty and become able to afford more meat in their diets. The pressure this creates has been an important factor in rapidly rising grain prices, deforestation in the Amazon basin, increasing water shortage and rising pressure to find new farmland. Growing meat artificially could potentially take huge pressure off farmlands around the world.

Another benefit would be to help animal welfare and protect endangered species. If most of our meat was grown, there would be no need for factory farms. Conditions for animals could be greatly improved. Elsewhere, it could also stop illegal endangered species hunts by providing an alternative way to produce meat form these species.

Exactly how long it takes before the meat is sold in supermarkets depends on the investment in research and development. One thing seems clear: Unless vegetarianism catches on in a very big way, the world’s demand for meat will soon outpace our supply of cows, chickens, pigs and other edible animals. The health and environmental impacts of cultured meat aren’t going to be hypothetical (假设的) for much longer.

1. What does the underlined word ”cultured" probably mean?

A．grown.

B．sorted.

C．connected.

D．shaped.

2. Compared with traditional meat, the artificial meat ____________.

A．tastes much better	B．contains more nutrients
C．saves more natural resources	D．changes people’s habit of eating meat

3. The author tries to persuade the readers to accept his argument mainly by.

A．comparing the results from different researches

B．showing the current situation of food consumption

C．presenting the problems caused by meat shortage

D．explaining the advantages of the artificial meat