1 . There is growing evidence to show that our past knowledge about Mars was not always the case. Now European researchers say they have discovered the first evidence of a huge groundwater system that once existed below the planet’s surface.
A new study was carried out by Francesco Salese and his team, who studied images of 24 deep craters (n.弹坑) in the northern half of the Red Planet. These pictures were captured by ESA’s Mars Express orbiter (n.宇宙飞船), which was launched in 2003. The study provides the first geological proof that Mars once had a “planet-wide groundwater system.”
According to Salese, scientific evidence already suggests Mars was once a watery world. His team says the images showed that large amounts of successive groundwater activity connected the areas they studied. Evidence of basins and coastlines was also found on the surface of Mars, supporting the idea that water was once present. He added that all the basins seemed to reach about the same height.
Scientists have yet to find out what happened to all that water. And the complex history of water on Mars has linked to whether or not life ever existed on it. During the latest study, researchers also discovered evidence of minerals within some of the identified (adj.被识别的) bodies of water.
The researchers say the findings adds weight to the idea that the water basins on Mars may have once held the materials required to support life. Some of this material could still be buried on Mars, providing possible evidence of life during future exploration. Francesco Salese believes the latest findings could also help us learn new things about our own planet.
1. What can we infer about our past knowledge of Mars?| A．It had no water. |
| B．It had no groundwater. |
| C．It had a great groundwater system. |
| D．It had water on the surface of the planet. |
| A．In paragraph 3. | B．In paragraph 2. |
| C．In paragraph 1. | D．In paragraph 4. |
| A．complicated | B．brilliant | C．continuous | D．incredible |
| A．Evidence of water on Mars enables us learn new things about the earth |
| B．Our past knowledge about Mars was incorrect. |
| C．Evidence of life could be revealed by the discovery of water on Mars. |
| D．The ever existence of groundwater system on Mars was discovered. |
When the shrill (尖锐的) ring of the phone echoed (回响) through the living room, Jane was still sleeping. She slowly opened her sleepy eyes and looked at the clock on the bedside table. It was already nine o’clock! Though still sleepy, Jane knew she had to get up because her mother had been working in her office day and night for several days and she couldn’t expect her younger brother Tom, who was sleeping like a pig, to answer the phone. She quickly put on a coat and dashed into the living room. As she picked up the receiver, on the other end came the warm greeting, “Good morning, my dear!”
It was the voice of her father, a sea man who seldom returned home due to his duties earning money to support the family. On hearing her father’s voice, Jane’s sleepiness disappeared.
Born in a not-so-rich family, Jane and Tom felt the stress of life, but they were happy to enjoy the family atmosphere. At school, they were straight-A students and took part in various after-school activities, earning the pride of their loved ones.
“Good morning, Dad. Why are you calling so early on a weekend?” Jane inquired, pretending to be slightly annoyed. “Tom and I have been very nice recently.” “My dear, today is your mother’s birthday. I have ordered a cake online and it will arrive at our doorstep in the late afternoon. Do remember to take the cake. It is my surprise for your mother.”
Upon hearing her father’s words, Jane felt a twinge of embarrassment. How could she have forgotten such an important day!
While chatting with her father, Jane’s gaze (凝视) wandered around the room and saw a lot of dirty clothes scattered (散落) on the sofa. The floor hadn’t been cleaned for a few days since her mother had been too busy with work this week to attend to such domestic matters.
Glancing at the clock again, Jane realized she still had enough time to prepare a surprise for her mother.
“Well, Dad, now I’m going to wake Tom up. We will give Mum a surprise, too!” Jane said and hung up the telephone.
注意：1.续写词数应为150个左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Paragraph 1:
Jane hurried to Tom’s room and shared her plan with him.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Paragraph 2:
“Happy birthday, Mum!” Jane and Tom shouted when their mother opened the door.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3 . Gear for Sleeping Outdoors
Whether you’re camping or backpacking, how can you increase the odds (n.机会) that you’ll sleep soundly in the outdoors? A good start is to have the right gear:
Sleeping bag: Choose a sleeping bag with a style and temperature rating (n.等级，级别) appropriate for your destination.·Car camping bags are typically cut wider, offering homelike and more roll-around room but less efficiency for retaining body heat (not so good on extra-chilly nights).Some rectangular (adj.长方形的) styles can be unzipped (adj.未拉上拉链的) to use as a quilt on milder nights.
·Backpacking bags are mummy shaped for a closer, warmer fit, and are usually lighter in weight. Many are filled with goose or duck down, which compresses (v.压缩) more readily than synthetic( adj.合成的) fill.
Sleeping pad: There are three types of sleeping pads — self-inflating (adj.充气的), air and closed-cell foam (n.泡沫塑料). When car camping, weight is not an issue, so you can enjoy a thicker, wider pad or mattress for comfort. When backpacking, weight is crucial, so a super-lightweight air pad or closed-cell pad may be your first choice.
Pillows: Bring one from home or use a small foam or inflatable camp pillow. Some sleeping bags have a pocket to hold a pillow or folded up clothing, such as a down jacket or fleece sweater.
Eye mask and earplugs: Eye masks are especially helpful when camping in northern latitudes (n.纬度) in summer or in campgrounds with surrounding light. Earplugs block out noises ranging from your tent mate’s snoring to rustling sounds in the bushes.
1. Why do people choose car camping bags?| A．They have goose or duck down fill. |
| B．They are easy to carry in a car. |
| C．They are more comfortable. |
| D．They are good for retaining body weight. |
| A．a wider pad. | B．Closed-cell pad. |
| C．a thicker pad. | D．Super-heavyweight air pad. |
| A．Blocking out noises from tent mate’s snoring. |
| B．Reducing noises from the wild animals. |
| C．Stopping the ambient light. |
| D．Protecting the ears from being hurt by the rustling sounds. |
4 . The four people have persuaded companies to give them £250,000 worth of toys and food — for nothing. And next Monday, they are going to
According to them, it is remarkably easy to get toys and food to
The four friends
Their first successful “kindness act” was to help
The Kindness Offensive tries to
| A．lead | B．attach | C．distribute | D．apply |
| A．carrying out | B．working out | C．making out | D．bringing out |
| A．children | B．customers | C．strangers | D．friends |
| A．give in | B．give off | C．give up | D．give away |
| A．wealthy | B．countless | C．guiltless | D．aimless |
| A．initially | B．finally | C．unfortunately | D．naturally |
| A．launched | B．concluded | C．advertised | D．gathered |
| A．look forward to | B．pay attention to | C．break | D．stick to |
| A．strategies | B．intentions | C．methods | D．routines |
| A．found | B．obtain | C．realize | D．affect |
| A．status | B．power | C．shelter | D．peace |
| A．unwillingly | B．eagerly | C．patiently | D．passively |
| A．avoid | B．double | C．encourage | D．oppose |
| A．kindness | B．bravery | C．selfishness | D．accuracy |
| A．though | B．unless | C．until | D．if |
5 . Secrets, whether they’re juicy, shocking or just plain funny, nothing compares to the thrill of opening up or listening to a friend’s confession (n.坦白). When a pal bares his heart to you, you can’t help but feel trusted and special. In fact, you’re a lot more likely now to tell him something you wouldn’t tell just anyone. When you’re first getting to know a new friend, start with small secrets.
No secret is ever 100 water-proof, but you can take steps to prevent getting your feelings hurt. First, when something you’re telling a friend is a secret, always say so. Every time when you share something confidential (adj.保密的), tell her that this is “for your ears only.” Also, don’t assume (v.假定,认为) someone will keep your secrets just because you know some of hers. Some people just have a tendency to blurt things out, which is why it pays to get a feel for how good a secret-keeper your friend is. Finally, make sure you get a reputation as someone who takes secrets seriously.
It’s not worth breaking a promise to a friend, but if a secret is too big for you to carry alone, you have a responsibility to tell someone. There are probably a few details about your life that you don’t feel like sharing, even with your closest friends. If the secret isn’t hurting you or your friendship, silence is golden. If you’re hiding something big and constantly worrying about your secret being leaked, it may be time to just spill (v.溢出) your beans. Taking control of a secret that’s eating you up inside isn’t easy.
So it seems clear that knowing when to let the secret out and when to zip your lips will help you a lot.
1. What is the purpose of the writer to mention a pal in the text?| A．To tell people when it’s okay to share a secret with someone. |
| B．To tell people how to gain others’ trust. |
| C．To tell people why he bares his heart to you. |
| D．To tell people who is the right people to express your heart. |
| A．Speak out without thinking. |
| B．Badmouth somebody. |
| C．Let out a secret. |
| D．Keep a secret. |
| A．Keep it silently. |
| B．Let the secret out. |
| C．Share the secret with your closest friend. |
| D．Take control of the secret. |
| A．Tips to know when to give away secrets |
| B．It’s always okay to tell a secret you promised to keep. |
| C．How to be successful with different secrets. |
| D．When to spill secrets |
1.端午节的时间；
2.端午节的活动（吃粽子，赛龙舟等）；
3.端午节的意义。
注意：1.写作词数应为80词左右。
2.可以添加适当的细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Jack,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
7 . For many kids, the Internet is at their fingertips. From computers to smartphones, a web of information is open to them. According to a new report, about three out of four kids aged 12 to 15 connect the Internet using a mobile device from time to time. Many younger kids are online too.
Julian Zeitlinger, 9, from New Jersey, uses his computer to watch videos and play games. To keep him safe online, his parents monitor his web use and discuss Internet safety with him. “I ask my parents whether something is nice or bad.” Julian says.
Mobile devices offer more ways than ever to share personal information. The information can be dangerous in the wrong hands. A study found that 62% of children aged 8 to 17 have had an unpleasant online experience.
Have you ever had to enter a parent’s e-mail address when signing up for a website? That safety measure is there because of the Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act(COPPA). The law says sites for kids under 13 cannot collect personal information, such as a phone number or full name, without a parent’s permission.
This July, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) will update COPPA for the first time since the law was created in 1998 when there were no smart phones. The nature of the way kids get online has changed, FTC lawyer Phyllis Marcus said.
When the changes take effect, COPPA will apply to mobile devices and newer forms of advertising. It will expand what falls under “personal information” to include videos, photographs, and services that give users location.
COPPA doesn’t cover everything that can go wrong online. That is why kids and parents need to know what to look out for and to stop and think before sharing information online.
“There is a misunderstanding that if a site is following COPPA, it is totally safe,” says privacy expert ShaiSamet. He runs kidSAFE, which checks whether a site meets kidSAFE standards and is safe. “It’s important that kids know how useful the Internet is but that it also can be dangerous if you are not careful.” he adds.
1. Julian’s parents monitor his web use to make sure ______.| A．he stays safe on the Internet |
| B．he doesn’t play computer games |
| C．he controls his online time |
| D．he doesn’t watch too many videos |
| A．It says no to any kind of advertising. |
| B．It prevents users from making their location public. |
| C．It covers everything that goes wrong online. |
| D．It broadens the concept of personal information. |
| A．formal websites are comparatively safe |
| B．the Internet is becoming safer and safer |
| C．COPPA can ensure their complete safety |
| D．daily checks prevent future online problems |
| A．To ask parents to look out for their kids. |
| B．To talk about online safety for children. |
| C．To introduce a new law. |
| D．To sell an online product. |
1. Who is the talk aimed at?
| A．Children. | B．Teenagers. | C．Adults. |
| A．They offer courses for beginners only. |
| B．They provide flexible language lessons. |
| C．They give online learning materials for free. |
| A．Native speakers. | B．Qualified professors. | C．Experienced travelers. |
| A．To teach communication skills. |
| B．To promote courses. |
| C．To discuss a program. |
1. What is the man doing?
| A．Applying to college. |
| B．Conducting an interview. |
| C．Introducing himself. |
| A．French. | B．Spanish. | C．Italian. |
| A．Inexperience. | B．Shyness. | C．Overconfidence. |
1. Why did Nina throw snow at Alex?
| A．Alex knocked down her snowman. |
| B．Alex hoped to have a snowball fight. |
| C．Nina only wanted to play with snow. |
| A．Apologize to Alex. | B．Go to the bathroom. | C．Take a good rest. |
| A．See a film. | B．Go around Nina’s home. | C．Pay a visit to Alex. |
