1 . Spending a day glued to your smartphone probably isn’t doing you any favors. Too much phone use has been linked with a range of concerns, including sleep issues, joint pain and even relationship problems. But if it’s radiation you’re worried about, experts say you don’t have to ditch your phone.

“There’s no risk of anything hazardous or dangerous with radiation from cellphones,” said Gayle Woloschak, an associate dean and professor of radiology at the Northwesterm Univerity Feinberg School of Medicine. As with all cellphones, along with Wi-Fi networks, radio stations, remote controls and GPS, smartphones do send out radiation, said Emily Caffrey, an assistant professor of health physics at the University of Alabama at Birningham. They use invisible energy waves to transmit voices, texts, photos and emails to nearby cell towers, which can carry them to almost anywhere in the world. But nearly three decades of scientific research has not linked such exposures to medical issues like cancer, health authorities including the Food and Drug Administration say. Here’s what we know.

“Radiation” describes many types of energy, some of which do carry risks, explained Dr. Howard Fine, director of the Brain Tumor Center at New York — Presbyterian Weill Cornell Medical Center in New York City, “It is often sent out from radioactive substances”, Atomic bombs, or, to a far lesser degree, X-ray machines, send out energy called ionizing radiation that in high enough or frequent enough amount can damage DNA and cause cancer, Dr. Fine said.

But smartphone energy falls into a category called non-ionizing radiation, Dr. Caffrey said, which isn’t powerful enough to cause this damage. “A lot of people think radiation is radiation, but it’s not all the same,” Dr. Woloschak said. “There’s no DNA damage seen from cellphone use.”

Most experts and health authorities like the F.D.A. and World Health Organization agree that there’s no evidence that smartphone radiation causes health problems. Still, several studies over the years have made headlines for suggesting their links to brain diseases. Many of these studies have since been proved to be false, Dr. Fine said, including those focused on fifth-generation.

1. What does the underlined word “ditch” in Paragraph 1 mean?

A．Make use of.

B．Keep track of.

C．Get hold of

D．Get rid of.

2. Which statement best reflects the attitude of health authorities towards cellphone radiation?

A．They consider it secure based on current research.

B．They are indifferent due to lack of sufficient data.

C．They express concern and require strict regulations.

D．They are doubtful and appeal for immediate action.

3. What does this text mainly tell us?

A．Forming a healthy lifestyle is vital.

B．Smartphones need radiation limits.

C．Radiation concerns are unfounded.

D．Technology reduces radiation risks.

4. Where would this text most likely appear?

A．In a science magazine.

B．In a collection of short stories.

C．In a school newsletter.

D．In a phone advertising brochure.

2 . 假定你是李华，请你写一封邮件给你的英国朋友Jim，分享你近期参加的一项学校体育比赛活动。内容包括：
1. 比赛过程；
2. 赛后感受。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.短文的开头和结尾已为你写好。
Dear Jim,

How is everything going? I am writing to eagerly share my recent experience participating in a school sports event

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours,

Li Hua

3 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Focused on guaranteeing the five major areas of organizing, participating, watching,     1     (safe) and demonstration of the Winter Olympics, a key specialized project called “high-tech Winter Games”     2     (lead) by the Ministry of Science and Technology back in 2017 was established. Among 80 special research projects attached to the key project, 212 technologies were     3     (eventual) applied,     4     (provide) strong support for the “simple, safe and wonderful” 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics.

The visual technologies such as 8K stereo broadcasting system provide good visual experience for     5     (that) watching the competitions on the screen.“Green” is also one of the themes for the “high-tech Winter Games”: the torch is made of carbon-fiber materials     6     is light and resistant to high temperatures, and     7     (fuel) by hydrogen; the eco-friendly ice rinks use the world's     8     (large) trans-critical CO2 direct cooling system which improves the energy efficiency     9     more than 20 percent.

The hydrogen-powered buses employed in Yanqing and Zhangjiakou, and the biodegradable tableware being used at the Games also use the high technology.

Behind all the high technology in this Winter Olympics is a display of Beijing's scientific and technological innovation. Chinese people not only celebrate the athletes,     10     celebrate the advances in technology that connect us and make our lives better.

4 . The snow arrived earlier than predicted as I _________ grocery bags into the Chevy’s trunk and shut the hatch. Several feet of snow already covered our community, and this new _________ was, of course, another cruel _________.” It’ll probably be the disaster of this century,” I complained, thinking about the past few difficult years. I had _________ the illness and the financial loss, but something else was _________ me —the hopelessness that results from _________ goals. Usually a positive person of _________, I had always viewed life as a series of problems to _________. Though I thought I’d handled the dilemmas well, I hadn’t _________ that the real me, the one whose passion for life had __________ others, had burned out. In the past year, I had been faced with __________ choices, and I’d made critical __________. Now I was afraid to trust my judgment and my future.

When nighttime arrived, I decided to take a walk. Outside, my feet seemed to be __________ in the endless white as I walked along snowy fields toward the forest. Somewhere along my journey, I realized I’d been crying. Pausing to catch my breath, I felt a moment’s __________. I’d traveled off the recognizable path from my home. Tired and defeated, I fell and __________ against a very strong trunk, __________ my head on my drawn-up knees __________. A deer stood only a few inches away, locking her stare on mine. A few minutes passed, she stepped closer and lowered her head to __________ my pocket as if to be in search of food. I felt my pocket and offered an apple to her gently.

“Mistakes can bring positive outcomes, after all.” Excited by my new __________, I moved ahead, growing tired but pressing onward. It’s the __________ and willingness to learn from the past and then press onward that can lead to a joyful future.

1.

A．placed

B．poured

C．hid

D．hanged

2.

A．jam

B．kit

C．storm

D．suit

3.

A．contest

B．situation

C．shortage

D．strike

4.

A．lived up to

B．put down

C．worked through

D．looked out for

5.

A．attracting

B．disturbing

C．delighting

D．amazing

6.

A．undecided

B．unpublished

C．unplanned

D．unattained

7.

A．freedom

B．curiosity

C．faith

D．flexibility

8.

A．solve

B．seek

C．avoid

D．evaluate

9.

A．acknowledged

B．realized

C．guaranteed

D．proved

10.

A．admired

B．reminded

C．warned

D．inspired

11.

A．unexpected

B．unreliable

C．untrue

D．unrealistic.

12.

A．mistakes

B．comments

C．words

D．judgments

13.

A．out of order

B．out of shape

C．out of danger

D．out of sight

14.

A．relief

B．panic

C．satisfaction

D．dizziness

15.

A．defended

B．protested

C．fought

D．leant

16.

A．resting

B．seeing

C．protecting

D．tidying

17.

A．secretly

B．sensitively

C．silently

D．randomly

18.

A．crash

B．explore

C．catch

D．tear

19.

A．decision

B．departure

C．thought

D．ambition

20.

A．promise

B．wisdom

C．stimulation

D．shame

5 . So, you want to learn how to get the most out of your reading experience. Reading effectively is a piece of cake whether you’re reading for school or fun. The following tricks will not only help you comprehend the information you’re learning, but make the reading experience much more enjoyable.

Skim through the text.

Get a preview of what’s to come by flipping through the pages. Once you have the basic idea of what you’re reading, scan through the table of contents and headers or flick through the pages. Glance over any images, graphs, or illustrations.     1    

Take notes while you read.

Practice active reading by taking notes. Before grabbing your notebook, wait until you’ve finished reading or skimming through a complete section or idea.     2    . Be sure to include the page number and source you’re summarizing in your notes so that you can refer to the text later.

Think about what you’ve read.

    3     Once you reach the end of a main idea, section, or chapter, take a few moments to let everything soak in before you get back to reading.     4     Identify the author’s bias, assess the evidence, and observe your immediate reactions. Ask yourself whether you agree with the position that’s being presented or the direction of the plot.

    5    

Link what you read to your existing knowledge or past experiences. Instead of treating the text as an isolated piece of writing, link it to previous readings. If a plot point reminded you of something from your own life, make a mental note of it. If you can connect the examples in the journal article with something you learned in class, jot down those similarities.

A．Make personal connections to the material

B．Set aside a few minutes to keep everything in mind

C．Pause between main ideas to process the reading material

D．Don’t be afraid to question the text and make your own assumptions.

E．Remember: trying to be as fast as possible is the first thing you should consider

F．Summarize the main idea in your head, and then write the main points and concepts

G．Take a few seconds to read the text quickly, including the notes, to spot eye-catching key words.

6 . Researchers believe they have found evidence for a hidden ocean on Mimas, one of Saturn’s major moons. This makes Mimas a target for learning more about the origins of life in our solar system.

Saturn has 146 moons orbiting it. The biggest is larger than the planet Mercury; the smallest is roughly the size of a sports field on the Earth. Mimas, which was first discovered in 1789, is one of the major moons and is about 250 miles wide.

Experts used to think Mimas was mostly made out of solid ice and rock. In 2014, astronomers noticed its orbit around Saturn was moving unsteadily. A shaky orbit can be caused either by a core shaped like a rugby ball or a huge liquid ocean beneath the surface. At first, lots of astronomers argued against the suggestion that Mimas had an ocean because there is no sign of it on the surface.

To investigate more thoroughly, researchers looked at images taken by Cassini, a NASA spacecraft sent to study Satun. The images showed that the moon’s orbit around Saturn drifted by about six miles over 13 years. The team’s calculations found that the only way Mimas could move in this way is if it had a hidden ocean under the surface. They think the ocean formed when the moon’s core warmed up and melted some of the ice.

Mimas is just one of many moons that scientists think could have oceans below the surface Ganymede, which orbits Jupiter and is the largest moon in the solar system, has more water in its ocean than all of the oceans on the Earth. Titan, another of Saturn’s moons, is believed to have a salty ocean beneath the surface.

Space agencies want to study these oceans because they might be home to living organisms. However, the ocean on Mimas might not be old enough for life to have emerged there yet. It took hundreds of millions of years for life to develop on the Earth and the ocean on Mimas is relatively young; it is less than 25 million years old.

1. What is the exploration of Mimas aimed at in Paragraph 1?

A．Providing evidence for a hidden ocean.

B．Exploring the beginning of life in outer space.

C．Promoting research for space exploration.

D．Ensuring harmony between man and nature.

2. What is the main idea of paragragh2?

A．The discovery of Saturn’s moons.

B．The number and variety of moons orbiting Saturn.

C．The size and characteristics of Mimas.

D．The comparison between Satum and Mercury.

3. What did astronomers initially think of he existence of oceans on Mimas?

A．Confident.

B．Indifferent

C．Optimistic

D．Doubtful

4. Why did the researchers use Casini’s images to investigate Mimas?

A．To analyze its orbit.	B．To measure its size.
C．To observe its surface	D．To find landing sites.

7 . Painting is an ancient medium and even with the introduction of photography, film and digital technology, it still has remained a persistent mode of expression. So many paintings have come into being over the years but only a small percentage of them could be described as “timeless classics”. The following are some of the most famous paintings of all time.

Leonardo Da Vinci, Mona Lisa, 1503—1519

Painted between 1503 and 1519,Leonardo da Vinci’s attractive portrait has been a subject of controversy since the day it was made, due to two questions: Who’s the subject and why is she smiling? A number of theories for the former have been provided over the years: That she’s the wife of the Florentine merchant Francesco di Bartolomeo del Giocondo and that she’s Leonardo’s mother, Caterina. As for that famous smile, its quality has driven people crazy for hundreds of years.

James Abbott McNeill Whistler, Arrangement in Grey and Black No.1, 1871

Whistler’s Mother, or Arrangement in Grey and Black No.1,as it’s actually titled, speaks to the artist’s ambition to pursue art for art’s sake. James Abbott McNeill Whistler painted the work in his London studio in 1871. Whistler’s mother Anna is pictured as one of several elements locked into an arrangement of right angles. Her severe expression fits in with the rigidity of the composition, and it’s somewhat ironic to note that despite Whistler’s formalist intentions, the painting became a symbol of motherhood.

Jan van Eyck, The Arnolfini Portrait,1434

As one of the most significant works produced during the Northern Renaissance, this composition is believed to be one of the first paintings finished in oils. It portrays an Italian merchant and a woman who may or may not be his bride. In 1934.the celebrated art historian Erwin Panofsky proposed that the painting is actually a wedding contract. What can be reliably said is that the piece used orthogonal perspective to create a sense of space. It feels like a painting you could step into.

1. What aspect of the Mona Lisa has attracted people for centuries?

A．The research methods.	B．The mysterious smile.
C．The attractive clothing.	D．The matching of colors.

2. Why did Whistler paint her mother?

A．To show love for his mother.	B．To be a symbol of motherhood.
C．To express his artistic intention.	D．To decorate his studio in London.

3. Who used orthogonal perspective to create a sense of space?

A．Leonardo da Vinci.	B．James Abbott McNeill Whistler.
C．Jan van Eyck.	D．Erwin Panofsky.

8 . 阅读下面的短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

What is causing the increase in the     1     (globe) average surface temperature? Climate scientists think it is the greenhouse effect,     2     includes “natural” and “man-made”,     3     matters. The “man-made” greenhouse effect has become     4     big problem. People produce huge amounts of green-house gases by burning fossil fuels,    5     (leave) more heat energy     6     (trap) in the atmosphere. The rise in temperature has led to an increase in extreme weather and natural     7     (disaster). Appropriate actions should be taken     8     (prevent) it.     9    , there will be a higher price to pay. Governments should make policies and take measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and individuals can also make a     10     (different) by restricting the amount of carbon dioxide our lifestyles produce.

9 . A field trip to Pacific Science Center is a time-honored tradition for students of all ages across Washington state. Our hands-on exhibits, shows, and innovative programs ignite students’ curiosity for science in a day of exploration to enhance your curriculum and spark a lifelong interest in science, math, engineering, and technology.

In addition to General Admission, PacSci offers extra experiences to enhance your learning and support your curriculum, including:

Documentary IMAX Movies: During the school year, we offer Teacher’s Choice where teachers can book one of two open documentary slots, if your school is the first to book. Email our School Groups team for a complete list of documentaries.

Daytime Laser Show: Be dazzled by a Daytime Laser Show in our Laser Dome. Packed with 10,000 watts of concert sound, experience a one-of-a-kind show on one of the largest geocentric domes dedicated to lasers!

Planetarium Show: Enjoy a live, immersive presentation in the Willard Smith Planetarium. Blast off to the universe’s outer reaches or explore the planets in our solar system. There is always something different to experience! Seating is limited to 36 students and four chaperones（监护人）.

Pricing

Below is a pricing table for our field trip.

Add-On Experience	Ticket Type	Rate Per Person
IMAX	Field Trip Student	$4
Laser	Field Trip Student	$10
Planetarium	Field Trip Student	$6
	Field Trip Extra Chaperone	$17.95

1. What is special about Pacific Science Center?

A．It has a fascinating collection of art exhibits.

B．It provides students a chance for ancient technology.

C．It is only open to public and private schools.

D．It is a place where students can learn about science.

2. If you are interested in space exploration, which experience will you prefer?

A．Documentary IMAX Movies.	B．Daytime Laser Show.
C．Planetarium Show.	D．General Admission.

3. How much will they pay if 1 chaperone and 10 students watch an IMAX movie?

A．$40.

B．$57.95.

C．$77.95.

D．$117.95.

10 . A shadowy figure sits alone in a room, his face dimly lit by a computer screen. With a grin, he types in a series of computer commands, and in the blink of an eye, someone’s bank account is drained to zero.

In today’s digital age, cyberattacks like this happen thousands of times per day. Hackers can steal money, information, or completely take control of a machine from anywhere in the world. However, not all hackers are villains.

Some hackers, called white hat or ethical hackers, are individuals who make the most of their hacking skills to identify security vulnerabilities (漏洞) in hardware, software and networks. Their job is crucial in preventing cyberattacks and safeguarding sensitive information. The term “white hat” originated from old cowboy movies, where heroes wore white hats and villains wore black ones. Like the heroes in cowboy movies, white hats seek to stop the bad guys and save the day.

White hat hackers only seek vulnerabilities legally, often working on open-source software or with authorized access to systems. Once these weak spots are identified, companies or individuals can take steps to prevent serious breaches and losses. White hat hackers use a variety of different techniques to keep the internet safe. Penetration testing, for example, allows them to mimic cyberattacks and uncover system weaknesses. Security scanning tools allow white hats to identify holes in a network’s security systems. Simulating denial-of-service attacks (DoS attacks) helps companies prepare for attacks against their websites.

Many of the world’s top white hat hackers began their journeys on the wrong side of the law. A prime example is Kevin Mitnick. This notorious hacker once held the title of “most wanted hacker” in the U. S. due to his cybercriminal activities in 1995. However, after being arrested and spending five years in jail, his life took a remarkable turn. Mitnick decided to use his hacking skills for ethical purposes, eventually establishing his own cybersecurity consulting company.

If you aspire to be a white hat hacker, start by building a strong foundation in computer and network fundamentals. Good luck, computer cowboy!

1. What does the underlined word “villains” in Paragraph 2 mean?

A．evil-doers.

B．heroes.

C．attackers.

D．victims.

2. What can we learn about white hat hackers?

A．They wear white hats in cowboy movies.

B．They do everything to safeguard people’s information.

C．They legally use their professional skills to help people.

D．They find vulnerabilities for personal gain without doing harm.

3. People skilled in computer and network can’t be top white hat hackers unless ______.

A．they obey the law

B．they identify security weak points

C．they take measures to stop serious losses

D．they build their own cybersecurity consulting companies

4. What is the purpose of the text?

A．To teach us how to stay secure online.

B．To tell us how to be top white hackers.

C．To warn us of the dangers of cyberattacks.

D．To introduce defenders of the digital world.