1 . Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. techniques B. negative C. factual D. slip E. identify F. conscious G. stick H. distance I. analyzers J. approach K. deceptive

The Language of Lying

“Sorry, my phone died.” “It’s nothing. I’m fine.” “I love you.”

We hear anywhere from 10 to 200 lies a day, and we spent much of our history coming up with ways to detect them, from medieval torture devices to polygraphs, blood-pressure and breathing monitors, voice-stress     1     and eye trackers. But although such tools have worked under certain circumstances, most can be fooled with enough preparation, and none are considered reliable enough to even be admissible in court. But, what if the problem is not with the     2    , but the underlying assumption that lying brings about physiological changes? What if we took a more direct     3    , using communication science to analyze the lies themselves?

Psychologically speaking, we lie partly to paint a better picture of ourselves, connecting our fantasies to the person we wish we were rather than the person we are. But while our brain is busy dreaming, it’s letting plenty of signals     4     by. Our     5     mind only controls about 5% of our cognitive function, including communication while the other 95% occurs beyond our awareness. According to the literature on reality monitoring, stories based on imagined experiences are qualitatively different from those based on real experiences. This suggests that creating a false story about a personal topic takes work and results in a different pattern of language use.

A technology known as linguistic text analysis has helped to     6     three such common patterns in the subconscious language of deception.

First, liars mention themselves less when making     7     statements. They write or talk more about others, often using the third person to     8     themselves from their lie, which sounds more false: “Absolutely no party took place at this house,” or “Nobody hosted a party here.”

Second, liars tend to be more     9    , because on a subconscious level, they feel guilty about lying. For example, a liar might say something like, “Sorry, my stupid phone battery died. I hate that thing.”

Third, liars tend to use longer sentence structure, inserting irrelevant but     10     sounding details in order to pad the lie. A President confronted with a scandal claimed: “I can say, categorically, that this investigation indicates that no one on the White House staff, no one in this administration presently employed was involved in this very odd incident.”

2 . Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. accurately   B. attaches   C. displaying   D. employed   E. feedback   F. foresaw G. guide   H. increasingly   I. map   J. operating   K. wonders

VR surgery

Richard Satava, a program manager for advanced medical technologies, has been a driving force bringing virtual reality to medicine, where computers create a “virtual” environment for surgeons.

“With virtual reality we’ll be able to put a surgeon in every trench(战壕),” said Satava. He     1     a time when soldiers who are wounded fighting overseas are put in mobile surgical units equipped with computers.

The computers would convey images of the soldiers to surgeons back in the U. S. The surgeons would look at the soldier through virtual reality helmets that contain a small screen     2     the image of the wound. The doctors would     3     robotic instruments in the battlefield mobile surgical unit that operate on the soldier.

Although Satava’s vision may be years away from standard     4     procedure, scientists are progressing toward virtual reality surgery. Engineers in California are developing a tele-operating device. As surgeons watch a 3D image of the surgery, they move instruments connected to a computer, which passes their movements to robotic instruments that perform the surgery. The computer provides     5     to the surgeon.

The technological     6     may not yet be part of the community hospital setting. However, with the passage of time, some of the machinery is     7     finding its way into civilian medicine. At Wayne State University Medical School, surgeon Lucia Zamorano takes images of the brain from computerized scans and uses a computer program to produce a 3D image. She can then move the 3D image on the computer screen to     8     the shortest and least invasive surgical path to the cancer. Zamorano is also using technology that     9     a needle to surgical instruments so that she can track their positions. While cutting away a cancer deep in the brain, she watches the movement of her surgical tools in a computer graphics image of the patient’s brain taken before surgery.

During these procedures surgeons are wearing 3D glasses for a better view. And they are commanding robot surgeons to cut away tissue more     10     than human surgeons can.

Satava says, “We are in the midst of a fundamental change in the field of medicine.”

3 . Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can only be used only once. Note that there is two words more than you need.

A. arise       B. grasp       C. heritage       D. imposition E. interpretation       F. landscape       G. minority       H. peculiarity I. relevant       L. subsistence       K. restored       J. resist

1. The great oral works transmitted a shared cultural ________________, held in common not on bookshelves, but in brains.
2. Knowing as much ________________ information as possible can help us avoid making arbitrary decisions.
3. The ________________ of military rule also robbed local leaders of opportunities to participate in local government, so social development was stunted and the seeds of disaffection sown.
4. It seems that the recent electoral shocks have shaken the European political ________________.
5. To avoid all that, farmers often retreat into ________________ farming or look for alternative livelihoods.
6. One method which can be adopted to curb the problems which ________________ out of unemployment among youths involves the providing of relief.
7. Working with native speakers can help us get a good ________________ of the language.
8. Following Napoleon’s defeat at Waterloo, France’s Bourbon monarchy was ________________, which was the first fragile step in a diminished state’s return to the family of European nations.
9. There is a wide range of things that actors can do with this role, and King Lear is widely acclaimed for its actors’ brilliant ________________.
10. Though some Aboriginal Australians did ________________ — up to 20,000 indigenous people died in violent conflict on the colony’s frontier — most were subjugated by massacres and the impoverishment of their communities.

4 . Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can only be used only once. Note that there is two words more than you need.

A. absence       B. applaud       C. compose       D. controversial E. originality       F. professional       G. recognition       H. sensation I. square       J. sustenance       K. symbol       L. tailor

1. The idea of teaching has always seemed both honorable and horrible to me(too much work, too little money, no ________________.
2. American people emphasize efficiency, competition and ________________ while Chinese people give priority to careful planning and encourage close cooperation and altruistic dedication among team members.
3. Teachers imagine they will improve outcomes if they ________________ their presentation to each student.
4. I was so confused that I could hardly ________________ my thoughts.
5. The discovery caused a ________________, people associate the sea eel with live animals, but also did not express any doubt.
6. However, these disorders often remain throughout life due to neglect or ________________ of specific kind of treatment.
7. “The armed forces’ performance has been outstanding and I ________________ their commitment, courage and professionalism,” he said.
8. Silk quickly grew into a ________________ of status, and originally, only the royalty were entitled to have clothes made of silk.
9. Scientists have known for a while when a body becomes starved for________________, cells start eating bits and pieces of themselves.
10. As a result, most of us end up choosing ________________ excellence over personal achievement, and often we lose ourselves in the process.

5 . Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Do note that there is one word more than you need in each passage.

A. nesting       B. signals       C. accessible     D. overnight       AB. decisively       AC. illiterates AD. literally       BC. unaware       BD. motivated       CD. accused     ABC. terrifying

The good news is that today’s teenagers are greedy readers and productive writers. The bad news is that what they are reading and writing are text messages.

It’s an unmissable trend. Even if you don’t have teenage kids, you’ll still see other people’s offspring wandering around, their eyes averted, tapping away, totally     1     of their surroundings. Take a group of teenagers to see the eight wonders of the world. Chances are that they’ll     2     be texting all the way, even if it means missing all those awe-inspiring moments. Show a teenager Jan Vermeer’s The Girl with a Pearl Earring. You might get a quick glance before a buzz     3     the arrival of the latest SMS.

Now before I am     4     of throwing stones in a glass house, let me confess. I probably send about 50 texts a day, and I receive what seem like 200. But there is difference, I also read books. It’s a quaint old habit I picked up as a kid, in the days before cellphones began     5     in the palms of the young.

According to a survey carried about in 2019, half of today’s teenagers don’t read books except when they’re made to. What is more     6     to me as a high school teacher is the fact that almost two-thirds of high school freshmen read for pleasure for less than an hour per week. Nearly half of seniors don’t read for pleasure at all.

Why does this matter? Because, to some extent, this texting craze can and will produce a large number of cultural    7     who are cut off from the civilization of their ancestors if we don’t take some necessary measures.

So how can we encourage our teenagers to read books? Whether in the classroom or at home, one of the best ways to promote reading is by reading together. Another way to encourage reading is to help teenagers set a goal to read a certain number of books or read books from a certain genre. This will help them stay focused and     8     to read. For instance, if your child loves playing football, read the storybook related to football. Or if your child loves going on walks, take along some picture books to read along the way. By making reading more     9     and fun, we can foster a love of reading in them.

But don’t expect children to fall in love with reading     10    . When it comes to reading, trust the process.

6 . Directions: Complete the following sentences by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. drive               B. reunite               C. genuine               D. cause             E. fruitful F. address            G. harmonious        H. harvest             I. prioritize            J. charge        K. deceptive

1. Her____________ smile lit up the whole room and even those who were feeling down or lonely couldn’t help but be lifted by her radiant presence.
2. The sea here looks calm on the surface, but beneath the clear waters lies a dangerous world of hidden rocks and strong currents, making it____________ for swimmers and boaters alike.
3. Once inequality and exploitation are removed, we will be able to build a more____________ society, where everyone has equal opportunities to succeed and thrive.
4. There have been rumours that the band will____________ for a world tour, causing quite a stir as everyone is eager to see their favorite musicians perform live on stage once again.
5. It is important to remember that not all business people____________ profit above all else, and that there are many who are committed to ethical and responsible business practices.
6. After carefully examining and analyzing the video and audio recordings, the police have determined that there is enough evidence to____________ him with the relevant offenses.
7. Our products are designed to____________ the diverse needs of users, with a focus on providing solutions that are practical, functional, and user-friendly.
8. The appeal generated a huge amount of donations in the form of blankets, medicines, and clothing. The____________ of these items served as a symbol of hope and relief for the people in need.
9. By contributing to a good____________, individuals can improve the lives of others and promote social justice, which helps to make the world we live in a better place.
10. It is his tremendous____________ that has allowed him to push himself beyond his limits and to work tirelessly towards his objectives, which is truly an inspiration to those around him.

7 . Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A．advertise

B．contact

C．contracts

D．contrary

E．identical

F．spot

1. Loneliness is sometimes described as a social pain, a pain that tells us that we’re isolated or lacking ______ with others, which motivates us to seek out companionship.
2. The American Medical Association required drug companies to prove that their drugs did what they claimed if they were going to ______ in the publication or in related medical journals.
3. When it comes to things like business documents, legal ______, and training manuals, standardized text is a good thing.
4. Detecting wildfires as early as possible and responding quickly have become essential to stopping a potentially deadly disaster, and one start-up says it has found a way to ______ fires just minutes after they spark.
5. The doctor warned him: “if you act ______ to the doctor’s advice, you won’t get well again.”

8 . Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only   be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. launch     B. virtue               C. process          D.shelter     E.   dignity F. abandon       G. assume       H.compose       I. identify       J.   exceptionally           K. structure

1. I was so confused that I could hardly ___________ my thoughts.
2. They carried themselves with great pride and __________.
3. Exposure to the sun can accelerate the ageing __________.
4. Disney’s other great __________ was the fact that his company—unlike other big corporations—had human face.
5. The Navy is to ________ a new warship today.
6. The door enables us to shut the birds in the _________ in bad weather.
7. The restaurant was built on a wooden ___________ above the sea water.
8. It is reasonable to _________ that the economy will continue to improve.
9. He’s an __________ talented dancer and needs to practise several hours every day.
10. She felt she was needed and decided to _________ her plan of studying abroad.

9 . Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. alternative             B. capacity             C. characteristic             D. extinct             E. exclude             F. identity G. increasingly       H. interacting             I. measuring                    J. narrative             K. restore

The earliest storytellers

A stunning cave painting discovered in Indonesia may be the earliest evidence of storytelling. The artwork is at least 43,900 years old, and shows that humans were depicting scenes tens of thousands of years earlier than previously thought.

The painting is a 4.5-metre-wide hunting scene, discovered by Maxime Aubert of Griffith University, Australia and his colleagues. It depicts at least eight small human-like figures hunting two pigs and four dwarf buffaloes with spears or ropes. “It’s a(n)    1    scene,” says Aubert. He and his colleagues calculated the painting’s age by    2    the levels of uranium (铀) in stone layers that cover the images. At 43,900 years old, it could be the oldest figurative cave painting that has yet been found although we don't know what type of human made them. Until this discovery, the oldest known artworks depicting visual “stories”, with humans and animals    3    in a recognizable scene, dated from around 20,000 years ago and was found in Europe, such as the famous Lascaux paintings in France. “Now we show that at least 44,000 years ago, in South-East Asia, humans were telling stories and they were depicting them in rock art,” says Aubert.

“It’s really an exciting discovery,” says Genevieve von Petzinger at the University of Victoria, Canada, “It shows a (n)    4    timeline of how art developed. When you get a scene like this one, it opens the door a little further." The human-like figures appear to have animal    5    .” They are half human, half animal. The oldest previously known example was the Lion Man statue. Carved around 40,000 years ago, it combines a lion's head and human body. Until now, it was the earliest evidence of the ability of humans to depict things that don’t exist in nature-a(n)    6    linked to imagination and spirituality. “Now it seems the same thing was happening in South-East Asia, but even earlier,” says Aubert.

The cave painting gives us a glimpse into the minds of the people who created the Indonesian art, but we don’t yet know whether they were modern humans or one of our    7    cousins. The team hasn't found human remains in the Sulawesi cave, says Aubert, so it isn't possible to be sure of the    8    of the artists.

One possible group is the Denisovans, who may also have lived in Asia at this time. Earlier this year, while studying a site in China thought to have been home to Denisovans, a team of researchers revealed artistic engravings on a piece of bone.

“We can’t completely    9    Denisovans or another species,” says Aubert of the Indonesian cave art, “There were probably at least two other species that lived in this region at the same time as modern humans.”

The discovery comes as archaeologists    10    turn their attentions towards Asia. “People should stay tuned to Asia,” says von Petzinger, “In the next decade there will be many exciting announcements coming from this part of the world.”

10 . Directions: Complete the sentences with the words given in proper forms. Each word can only be used once. Note that there are two more expressions than you need.

cling to       distinctive       favor       mark       assure       alternative       boast bond       border       compliment       be about to       comprehensive

1. Story-telling, high voice and each character’s particular style of movement are ________of Kun Opera, which makes it exclusive to a limited crowd.
2. We’re learning that student success requires a more ________ approach, one that incorporates not only academic skills but also social, self-regulatory and attention skills.
3. The specialist ________on his ability to address the tough problem in an efficient way.
4. Throughout the trial she________ the belief that he was innocent.
5. New ways to treat arthritis may provide a/an ________ painkillers.
6. The trade agreement helped to strengthen the________ between the two countries.
7. China ________ the world’s earliest observatory, built in Nanking in 1385 in the Ming Dynasty, three centuries ahead of the Greenwich Observatory built in Britain in 1670.
8. The announcement is thought ________ the end of an extraordinary period in European history.
9. The employees in the company ________ of individual attention, as well as a good pay package.
10. The balance of maritime superiority has tipped in our ________.