1 . Directions:   Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. emerge          B. absorbing            C. subject          D. defining          E. movement F. originally       G. course            H. universally        I. happens        J. constant       K. corresponds

How Long Is a Second?

The length of a second depends on how you’re measuring it. There are 24 hours in a day, 60 minutes in an hour, and 60 seconds in a minute — so surely a second is 1/86400, of a day, right? Well, it turns out that     1     time isn’t that simple.

“The second was     2     based on the length of the day,” Peter Whibberley, a senior scientist at the National Physical Laboratory in the U.K., told Live Science. “People observed the sun passing overhead and started measuring its     3     using sundials (日晷). However, sundials have a few disadvantages. Aside from the obvious problem of not being able to read a sundial when the sun isn’t visible, relying on Earth’s daily turning is surprisingly inaccurate. “The turning is not precisely     4    ,” Whibberley said. “The Earth speeds up and slows down over time.” So how can we precisely measure time if using the length of a day is so unreliable?

In the 16^th century, people turned to technological solutions to this problem, and the first recognizable mechanical clocks began to     5    . The earliest mechanical clocks, which were designed to click at a specific frequency, averaged over the     6     of a year.

By around 1940, quartz crystal clocks (石英钟) had become the new gold standard. However, problems arose, and this was where atomic clocks came in. “Atoms exist only in particular energy states and can only change from one state to another by     7     or giving out a fixed amount of energy,” Whibberley explained. “That energy     8     to a precise frequency, so you can use that frequency as a reference for time keeping.” The astronomical second continued to vary. Every few years, scientists must add a second to allow Earth’s slowing turning to keep up with atomic time.

In fact, scientists are discussing whether it’s time to redefine the second again. But while several important questions still need to be answered before this     9    , it’s clear that the strictly correct definition of a second is     10     to change.

2 . 荷花（lotus flower）迎骄阳而不惧，出污泥而不染，象征纯洁、高雅。（characterize）

3 . 经过一个多世纪的发展，民乐界涌现出许多深受观众喜爱的艺术家。(emerge)(汉译英)

4 . Over the past centuries, an amazing picture of Yangshao Culture________ across China, mainly along the Yellow River.

A．emerged

B．had emerged

C．was emerged

D．has emerged

5 . Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. abusive       B. bounds       C. descriptions       D. dramatic       E. emerges       F. essentially G. fantastic       H. promises       I. settings       J. trust       K. unusually

Are You Scared of AI?

A recent Monmouth University survey has found that only 9 percent of Americans believe that computers with artificial intelligence will do more good than harm to society. When the same survey was conducted 35 years ago, about one in five said AI would benefit mankind. In other words, people have less complete     1     in AI now than they did dozens of years ago, when the technology was more science fiction than reality.

“It’s     2     that there is public doubt about AI. There absolutely should be,” said Meredith Broussard, an artificial intelligence researcher and professor at New York University. Most Americans     3     agree with Broussard that AI has a place in our lives, but not for everything.

When asked questions about     4     in which AI might be used, most people said it was a bad idea to use AI for military aircraft that try to distinguish between enemies and civilians. Some are worried about the     5     use of AI in policing, disturbing people’s privacy. Most respondents said it was a good idea for machines to perform risky jobs such as coal mining.

The term “AI” is a catch-all for everything. It can be the constant use of technology, such as our daily preference to autocomplete in web search queries (关键词). It can also be the software that     6     to predict crime before it happens. People afraid of AI may be influenced by     7     of evil computers from books and movies — like Skynet, the super-intelligent machines in “The Terminator” movies. Broussard said the ways AI can end up destroying your quality of life won’t be as     8     as murderous fictional computers.

Actually, the fear of AI     9     due to the fact that we just don’t know where AI is going and how soon it will take us to get there. Technology makes surprising and unusual leaps and     10     in ways we never think it will. Anyway, whether we like it or not, artificial intelligence is here to stay.

6 . As a clown actor, he does tricks, sings songs and tells silly stories to ______ the children.

A．entertain

B．encounter

C．embarrass

D．emerge

8 . 这对双胞胎兄弟是何时开始崭露头角，并一跃成为匈牙利当代文学的领军人物？(emerge) (汉译英)

9 . Complete the sentenced with the correct forms of the words in the box.

dimension   emerge   exhibition   guarantee   investment   purchase     recognition     representative   visual

1. The first principle for any art collector is to ________ only what you love.
2. If you are not interested in works of art by classical masters, contemporary art by ________artists is also worthy of your attention.
3. In the art market, no one can________ that an artist will be a good ________
4. The art competition gives young artists a chance to gain________ from the most respected art professionals.
5. Different from other________ art forms, sculpture operate in three ________
6. The ________ From Rembrandt to Vermeer is quite________ of the Dutch Golden Age of art.

10 . 在和交换生沟通时，务必要真诚，也要考虑他们的文化背景，以免产生误会。(sure) (汉译英)