1 . When Shakespeare called a good night’s rest the “cure of hurt minds,” he was really onto something. According to a recent survey, “Most days or every day” in 2020, nearly 15 percent of American adults had trouble falling asleep in the previous month. So you’re a little sleepy — no big deal, right? Wrong. A 1999 article in the medical journal The Lancet showed and decades of research suggest that “sleep debt” can have significant harmful effects on your health.

Happiness is the first to suffer. Everyone knows what it feels like to run on insufficient (不足的) sleep — you can be foggy, inattentive, and bad-tempered. A paper published in the journal Health Psychology in 2020 found that the participants without enough sleep experienced a less positive mood when they came across quite ordinary stress, and smaller increases in positive mood from pleasant events. When lacking sleep, people felt annoyed more and easier, and things feel less fun.

More seriously, sleep loss can cause clinical depression and anxiety. In 2014, Australian scholars studying young women found that a year of frequent sleep difficulties predicted the onset of depression and anxiety in later years.

Some researchers have identified long-time sleep debt as a disease — insufficient sleep syndrome (ISS). Given the reported evidence for how widespread the syndrome is, it might even be classed as an epidemic. Although no study has yet established a connection, it seems reasonable to think about whether the long-term declines in American happiness and increases in social conflicts may be connected to loss of sleep.

Whether you are a sleep-deprived student, or workaholic, or just an old-fashioned insomniac (失眠症患者), attending to sleep is a critical strategy for health and happiness. And adjusting this aspect of your life could be one of the best things you do all year.

1. Why does the author mention Shakespeare?

A．To show Shakespeare’s wisdom.

B．To introduce the topic of sleep loss.

C．To highlight a serious health problem.

D．To give reported evidence of sleep debt.

2. What does the paper in Health Psychology tell us about insufficient sleep?

A．It made people feel negative.	B．It led to poor eyesight.
C．It caused depression and anxiety.	D．It was not worth much concern.

3. What can we learn from paragraph 4?

A．Reduction of happiness is linked to sleep loss.

B．Long-term lack of sleep is not a disease.

C．Sleep debt might affect both individuals and the society.

D．Insufficient sleep syndrome is a recognized epidemic.

4. What’s the author’s purpose of writing the text?

A．To confirm sleep loss is a disease.

B．To advocate getting sufficient sleep.

C．To tackle widespread sleep problem.

D．To prove happiness suffers from sleep debt.

2 . The journey towards self-improvement and personal success is often paved with challenges and obstacles.     1     The power of mindset extends beyond mere positive thinking. It shapes your attitudes and actions, thereby shaping your destiny.

Mindset rests on a fundamental principle: your inner beliefs and thoughts can form your reality.     2     It is also about how an optimistic mindset fosters (培养) improved decision-making, heightened problem-solving abilities, and stronger resilience against challenges.

Factors like talent and hard work are often highlighted in professional success.     3     Consider a physical therapist, who may encounter limitations in their effectiveness due to a negative or fixed mindset despite possessing the necessary skills and knowledge. This situation underlines how a growth mindset is essential.

    4     It is a game-changer in personal and professional development. It is centered around the belief that abilities and intelligence are not fixed traits but can be cultivated through effort, learning, and perseverance.

To make full use of the potential of your mindset, it is crucial to confront and overcome limiting beliefs. You may never realize it.     5    

A．This isn’t merely hopeful thinking.

B．Effort and ability can equal a positive mindset.

C．The growth mindset means continuous improvement.

D．In fact, mindset emerges as an equally critical element.

E．Such beliefs can act as invisible barriers to your success.

F．Mindset plays an important role in building good relationship.

G．However, a crucial element that influences this journey is the mindset.

3 . While often seen as a negative (消极的) emotion, anger can also be a powerful motivator (促进因素) for people to achieve challenging goals in their lives, according to research published by the American Psychological Association.

“People often believe that a state of happiness is perfect,” said lead author Heather Lench, PhD, a professor in the department of psychologcal and brain sciences at Texas A & M University, “but previous research suggests that a mix of emotions, including negative emotions like anger, results in good outcomes.”

The functionalist theory of emotion suggests that all emotions, good or bad, are reactions to events within a person’s environment and help that person to make proper actions, according to Lench. For example, sadness may suggest that a person needs to seek help or emotional support, while anger may indicate a person needs to take action to overcome an obstacle (障碍).

To better understand the role of anger in achieving goals, researchers conducted a series of experiments involving more than 1,000 participants and analyzed survey data from more than 1,400 respondents. In each experiment, participants either had an emotional response (such as anger, amusement, desire or sadness) or a neutral (中性的) emotional state, and then were presented with a challenging goal. Across all the experiments, anger improved people’s ability to reach their goals compared with a neutral condition in a variety of challenging situations.

“Our research adds to the growing evidence that a mix of positive and negative emotions promotes well-being, and that using negative emotions as tools can be particularly effective in some situations,” Lench said.

1. What is commonly believed concerning people’s emotions?

A．It is believed that a state of joy is great.

B．A feeling of sadness leads to poor effect.

C．Anger is actually a positive emotion.

D．Pride acts as an obstacle to success.

2. Why did researchers do a seres of experiments?

A．They hoped to overturn the previous findings.

B．They hoped to prove that a state of happiness is ideal.

C．They hoped to find the relationship between positive and negative emotions.

D．They hoped to have a better understanding of the role of anger in attaining goals.

3. What’s Paragraph 4 mainly about?

A．The problem of the research.	B．The background of the research.
C．The process of the research.	D．The significance of the research.

4. What’s Lench’s attitude to their research?

A．Skeptical.

B．Favorable.

C．Uncaring.

D．Critical.

4 . Soothe the Sunday Scaries

As the weekend comes to an end, many of us are missing out on Sunday Funday and anxious about the upcoming week. Experts have nicknamed this worry the “Sunday scaries”.     1    

Here’s how you can ease your end-of-weekend anxiety.

When structuring your Sunday, try not to arrange too many errands and chores. If you’re feeling more stress, it’s important to make space for some activities to relax yourself. And there’s no right way to do so — maybe a midafternoon shower or bath, maybe an engaging movie or show.     2    

Anxiety is a normal human experience, and one of the main ways to manage it is to identify your personal triggers.     3     Is it a deadline, meeting, or presentation? Even if there’s not a single reason behind your Sunday anxiety, organizing the stress you expect from the week ahead into small pieces can help it.

Getting rid of the Sunday scaries isn’t just about minimizing the gloom of the week ahead, either. Having something to look forward to gives you something pleasing to think about, rather than only focusing on the anxiety you feel.     4     Instead of focusing on the awful things you expect from the week, build excitement over a lunch date with a friend.

Make Sunday nights about doing something for yourself to reduce your anxiety about Monday. Plan some favorite foods to enjoy or go all in for some self-care.     5     Do your best to honor this time and make Sunday night all about you—leave the work emails for Monday morning.

A．It’s a form of shifting your thoughts.

B．This is an opportunity to give yourself a refreshing time.

C．Try to figure out what’s really causing you to fear the week.

D．It doesn’t mean you have to shift your thoughts to something fun.

E．But even though the Sunday scaries are common, they are manageable.

F．It can be whatever feels like a helpful distraction to relieve from the stress.

G．Instead of sitting on the sofa and watching the clock, do something that you enjoy.

5 . “Don’t worry; be happy” is more than just song lyrics (歌词). A growing body of evidence supports an association between optimism and healthy aging, but it is unclear how optimism impacts health. When it comes to dealing with day-to-day stressors, such as household chores or arguments with others, a new study has found that being more or less optimistic did not make a difference in how older men emotionally reacted to or recovered from these stressors. However, optimism appeared to promote emotional well-being by limiting how often older men experience stressful situations or changing the way they interpret situations as stressful.

“This study tests one possible explanation, assessing if more optimistic people handle daily stress more constructively and therefore enjoy better emotional well-being,” said corresponding author Lewina Lee. PhD, clinical psychologist at the National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder at the VA Boston Healthcare System and assistant professor of psychiatry at Boston University School of Medicine.

The researchers followed 233 older men who first finished an optimism questionnaire; 14 years later, they reported daily stressors along with positive and negative moods on eight consecutive (连续不断的) evenings up to three times over an eight-year span. The researchers found more optimistic men reported not only lower negative mood but also more positive mood. They also reported having fewer stressors which was unrelated to their higher positive mood but explained their lower levels of negative mood.

While studies have sustained the idea of optimism as a resource that may promote good health and longevity, we know very little about the underlying mechanisms (机制). “Stress, on the other hand. is known to have a negative impact on our health. By looking at whether optimistic people handle day-to-day stressors differently, our findings add to knowledge about how optimism may promote good health as people age,” says Lee.

1. What may be affected by optimism according to the first paragraph?

A．People’s emotional well-being.	B．Older men’s ability to react.
C．The way people treat daily stress.	D．The way that optimism will be researched.

2. How is the third paragraph developed?

A．By making comparisons.	B．By analyzing possible results.
C．By presenting different opinions.	D．By showing the course and result.

3. What does the underlined word “sustained” in the last paragraph mean?

A．Changed.

B．Supported.

C．Expected.

D．Repeated.

4. Where is the text probably taken from?

A．A course plan.	B．A travel brochure.
C．A health magazine.	D．A news report.

6 . Tricks To Becoming A Patient Person

Here’s a riddle: What do traffic jams, long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common? There is one answer.     1    .

In the Digital Age, we’re used to having what we need immediately and right at our fingertips. However, research suggests that if we practiced patience, we’d be a whole lot better off. Here are several tricks.

●Practice gratitude (感激)

Thankfulness has a lot of benefits: Research shows it makes us happier, less stressed and even more optimistic.     2    . “Showing thankfulness can foster self-control,” said Ye Li, researcher at the University of California.

● Make yourself wait

Instant gratification (满足) may seem like the most “feel good” option at the time, but psychology research suggests waiting for things actually makes us happier in the long run. And the only way for us to get into the habit of waiting is to practice.     3    . Put off watching your favorite show until the weekend or wait 10 extra minutes before going for that cake. You’ll soon find that the more patience you practice, the more you start to apply it to other, more annoying situations.

●     4    .

So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate, and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances. You should learn to say to yourself, “    5    .” You’ll then gradually become more patient.

A．Find your causes

B．Start with small tasks

C．Accept the uncomfortable

D．All this adds up to a state of hurry

E．It can also help us practice more patience

F．This is merely uncomfortable, not intolerable

G．They’re all situations where we could use a little extra patience

7 . When reading, my mother likes to slice a paragraph or a sentence out and attach it to the wall of her kitchen. She picks boring sentences that puzzle me. But I prefer copying favorite bright lines into a journal in soft, gray No. 2 pencil, word by word.

She doesn’t know any of this. There's nothing shocking: for our chatting. we seldom begin certain conversations though we talk on the phone weekly, sometimes making each other laugh so hard that I choke and she cries. But what we don't say could fill up rooms. Fights with my father. Small failures in school. Anything that really upsets us.

My mother has never told me “I love you, Lisa.”—as if the four-word absence explains who I am—so I carry it with me, like a label on me. The last time she almost spoke the words was two years ago, when she called to tell me a friend had been in hospital. I said, “I love you, Mom.” She stopped for a while and then said, “Thank you.” I haven't said it since, but I've wondered why my mother doesn't until I've found a poem that supplies words for the blank spaces I try to understand in our conversations:

Don’t fill up on bread. I say absent-mindedly. The servings here are huge.

My son, middle-aged, says: Did you really just say that to me?

What he doesn’t know is that when we’re walking together, I desire to reach for his hand.

It's humble, yet heartbreaking. After copying it down in my journal, I emailed it to mom, adding “This poem makes me think of you.” My mother doesn’t read poetry—or at least, she doesn’t tell me, and I felt nervous clicking “Send”.

She never mentioned the poem. But the next time I went home for vacation, I noticed something new in the kitchen fixed to an antique board: the poem. The board hung above the heater, the warmest spot in the kitchen. The poem still hangs there. Neither my mother nor I have ever spoken about it.

1. What's the function of paragraph 1?

A．To stress the theme.	B．To establish the setting.
C．To represent the characters.	D．To create the atmosphere.

2. Which of the following best describes the mother daughter relationship?

A．Shaky.

B．Distant.

C．Reserved.

D．Intense.

3. Why did the author send the poem to her mom?

A．It reminded her of mom's love.

B．She wanted to apologize to mom.

C．It suited mom's taste of literature.

D．She needed an interpretation from mom.

4. What does the poem mean to mom?

A．A memory of golden days.

B．Daughter’s gratefulness to her.

C．A decoration in the plain kitchen.

D．Daughter's understanding of her.

8 . Everyone, at some point in their lives, loses their enthusiasm when they’re at their lowest and things just don’t seem right. During these down moments, it is important that you care for yourself mentally.     1    

● Open up. When you are not at your best, you can always reach out to someone who is trustworthy.     2     You can meet with a psychologist. As we know, a problem shared is half solved.

●     3     Find the causes of stress and stay away from them. It’s easy to get stressful and disappointed when you are burnt out. When it happens, try to take a break by sleeping or going on a vacation. Take a break from every stress and activity that may wear you out.

● Do what you love. Your productivity will improve when involved in what you love. Make a list of those activities you love when you’ve got the chance, or do them with friends. Doing what you love keeps yourself happy and less stressed.     4    

● Be kind. I don’t know if you’ve felt this before. But there’s this joy that comes with putting a smile on others’ faces.     5     Wondering how to start? You can volunteer, teach a person, say kind words, encourage others and show love in whatever way you think is best. This has an effect on you as well because kindness releases the happiness hormone (荷尔蒙).

A．Take a break.

B．Find stress factors.

C．How can you do it?

D．Stress comes from unpleasant experiences.

E．It’s better to share it than to keep it all bottled up.

F．This is one big secret to improving your mental health.

G．Be the reason someone believes in the goodness in people.

9 . Everyone gets angry. If you’re experiencing huge anger, though, it could be damaging your mental and physical health as well as your relationships with others. Uncontrolled anger can be potential problems, such as anger management issues or mental disorder.     1     To control your anger, you can try to take the following measures.

Take a break as soon as you recognize that you’re angry. You can take a break by stopping what you’re doing, getting away from what makes you annoyed or just take a deep breath.     2    

Visualize a happy place. If you still have a difficult time calming down, imagine yourself in a scene you find incredibly relaxing.     3     Focus on imagining every detail of this place: the light, the noises, the temperature, the weather, the smells. Keep thinking of your happy place until you feel completely immersed(浸没于) in it, and hang out there for a few minutes or until you feel calm.

Practice positive self-talk. Change the way that you think about something from negative to positive.     4     After you have given yourself a moment to calm down, “discuss” the situation with yourself in positive and relieving terms.

    5     Sometimes sharing your concerns with a close friend might help you vent(发泄) your anger. Clearly express what you want from the other person. If you just want to vent your anger, state at the beginning that you don’t want help or advice, just sympathy. If you’re looking for a solution, let the other person know.

A．Ask for the support of someone you trust.

B．Positive thinking can help you relieve your anger in a healthy way.

C．Keep exercising until you feel that you have regained control.

D．It could be any place that makes you feel at home and peaceful.

E．So it’s important to control your emotions and calm yourself down.

F．Remember that you do not have to respond to a situation immediately.

G．Getting away from what is upsetting you will make it easier to calm down.

10 . For my 56th birthday, my daughter, Beth, bought me two beautifully carved wooden butterflies. I hung them in prominent (显眼的) places on my walls so that I can see them often during the day. Each time I do so, they give me a wonderful reminder of love.

My daughter and my love of butterflies goes back many years. After a long battle against cancer, my mom passed away when I was only 25 years old. Beth was only a baby at the time and never got to have any memories of her grandma. I tried to make up for it by telling her stories of my mom but each time I did, I could see that there was a little sadness in Beth’s eyes. One day when she was only seven or so we were outside at the playground. Beth suddenly said how much she saddened not having her grandma around. Well, sometimes I comforted her and this time I told her how much her grandma loved her and that Grandma still remained positive in the last weeks of her life. I said she was watching over her from Heaven and that maybe she was even hitching (搭乘) a ride on the back of a butterfly to come down and get a closer look. At that very moment, a butterfly appeared flying around Beth’s face and then flew away. We both laughed with our hearts full of love and joy.

Since that moment all of those years ago, both Beth and I seem to attract butterflies like flowers. Whenever we are outside, they seem to fly down, circle around us, take a good look, and then fly away. And every time, we are reminded of my mom’s love watching over us. The only time this doesn’t happen is during the coldest months of the year when there are no insects of any kind. But now during those times I can take a look at the two beautiful wooden butterflies my daughter bought me and still be reminded of that love.

1. Why did Beth buy wooden butterflies?

A．To celebrate the new year.

B．To decorate her bedroom.

C．To celebrate her mother’s birthday.

D．To remind her childhood.

2. Which of the following can best describe the author’s mom?

A．Tough and optimistic.

B．Enthusiastic and helpful.

C．Independent and reliable.

D．Knowledgeable and respectable.

3. How did Beth feel when a butterfly flew around her face?

A．Terrified.

B．Confused.

C．Joyful.

D．Nervous.

4. What does the author intend to tell us through the story?

A．Wooden butterflies are of great artistic value.

B．We all need reminders that we are loved in our life.

C．It is difficult to maintain family ties during difficult times.

D．The presence of parents is important to children’s development.