1 . While scientists have many ideas, they are not certain why humans yawn(打哈欠). Still, there is one thing experts know—yawns seem to be contagious(传染)!
Have you ever caught a yawn from someone else? Most people have. In fact, a person is six times more likely to yawn after seeing someone else do so. Experts have done many studies into why yawns seem to pass from person to person. As a result, they have a few theories(理论) for the reason behind it.
One possible explanation has something to do with social mirroring, which is caused by mirror neurons(镜像神经元) in the brain. These mirror neurons help the brain notice useful behavior of others and then copy it. When one person sees another yawn, his mirror neurons observe the action and consider it to be beneficial. That may cause him to yawn, too.
Another popular theory is that yawns are contagious because of social relationships. Being social creatures, humans form friendships, families and live together in groups. That’s why many people mirror others, such as smiling when another person smiles. Yawning may be just another example of this. In fact, research has shown that one is most likely to catch yawns from another person if the two share a social relationship.
The answer could even be that yawns aren’t truly contagious at all. Instead, people yawn together simply because they’re in the same environment. Experts say many things may cause yawning, including temperature and time of day. Whatever the explanation is, experts do know that contagious yawns aren’t limited to humans. One study found that lions in South Africa also caught each other’s yawns.
1. What kind of behavior may be copied by mirror neurons?A.Important and attractive. | B.Useful and beneficial. |
C.Hard to understand. | D.Easy to copy. |
A.Those who yawn a lot. | B.Those who like smiling. |
C.Those closely connected with them. | D.Those sharing the same interest with them. |
A.Tips on how to avoid yawning in public. |
B.A real explanation for contagious yawning. |
C.Other examples of animals yawning together. |
D.Things that may cause yawning among humans. |
A.Why yawns are contagious | B.What causes people to yawn |
C.Who yawns more than others | D.Why humans yawn now and then |
1. What will Edward be responsible for?
A.Doing online marketing. | B.Organizing the musicians. | C.Sending out the invitations. |
A.Draw the posters. | B.Make the guest list. | C.Design the invitations. |
A.Nancy. | B.John. | C.Tim. |
A.In a hotel. | B.On a train. | C.In the hospital. |
For years, my wife Teresa taught physical education at the elementary school level. Travelling on a regular schedule to the six schools in her district, she had a chance to get to know most of the kids in the area and see them at their best and their worst.
One day, in her class, Teresa noticed a third-grade girl, Meagan, who was short and grossly overweight, with a closed and hopeless look on her face. Meagan always sat alone in class, played alone at break, and ate alone from a recycled paper sack at lunch. The teachers and staff were kind to Meagan, but the students were not.
The stories made your shoulders drop. Teresa heard that when the playground supervisors (管理员) turned their backs, kids would run up to Meagan, calling her “Meagan the Fat Pig.” They did far worse than isolate (孤立) her; they filled her school days and walks home with physical and emotional torment (折磨). Also, Meagan’s single mother, a hard-working woman, was trying her best to make ends meet but she had never made it before.
Meagan’s situation disturbed my wife deeply. After talking with the principle and other teachers, Teresa came up with an idea. She knew from talking to Meagan that the child had never had a pet. Teresa was sure a pet would be the perfect way to inject some high-powered love and acceptance into Meagan’s life.
So one Saturday afternoon, Meagan was invited to Teresa’s office. When the door buzzer sounded, a dog engaged in a predictable and vigorous welcome. Getting down on one knee, Teresa introduced herself to Meagan. She told Meagan her thought that she could take away a puppy if she liked. Like any creature that has been cared about, Meagan gleamed in her eyes and playfully lifted the puppy almost off the ground. That day Meagan left the office with the puppy.
注意:
1.续写词数应为150左右;
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Paragraph 1: Now she had a living, breathing friend who wanted to play with her.
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Paragraph 2: Ten years later, Teresa received an invitation to the high school graduation ceremony from Meagan, where Meagan made a speech.
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4 . Three Books for A More Honest View of Parent
Nowadays, it seems there are two ways to write about parenthood. I am heartily sick of both. This year I’ve decided to hug books that are inspiring and honest, yet do not avoid the pleasures of parenthood.
Life Among the Savages Shirley Jackson price: $15
Shirley Jackson, author of one of the most amazingly sinister novels of all time and of the short story The Lottery, also wrote two charming novels about raising her four children in an old farmhouse in rural Vermont. In Life Among the Savages, Jackson’s humor is as thrilling as her horror, and her children seem never to inspire in her anything worse than a fond exasperation (恼怒) .
A Blind Man Can See How Much I Love You Amy Bloom price: $13. 95
A Blind Man Can See How Much I Love You contains one of the most absolute expressions of a mother’s love in fiction. Much of it takes place in the waiting room of a gender-reassignment surgeon. It’s about a woman who is determined to be the mother that her child needs her to be. In this collection ordinary women rise to the occasion demanded by motherhood. They make mistakes but they generall succeed in making up for them.
Family Man Calvin Trillin price: $ 18
In his memoir (回忆录) Family Man, Calvin Trillin writes with humor about his wife and daughters. He gives what I think is the single most useful piece of parenting advice “Getting advice on the best way to bring up children is like getting advice on the best way to breathe sooner or later you’re probably going to forget it and go back to your regular old in-and-out.” Trillin gives the impression of being the best kind of husband.
1. Which book tells a story of raising children in the countryside?A.The Lottery. | B.Family Man. |
C.Life Among the Savages. | D.A Blind Man Can See How Much I Love You. |
A.A humorous mother. | B.An operation. |
C.Offering advice. | D.Being a kind husband. |
A.They share a theme. | B.They target the same audience. |
C.They were written by the same author. | D.They were published in the same year. |
At SIAL Shanghai, a major international food and beverage exhibition launched on May 18. Mario Garcia, a cheese supplier from Spain,
Garcia’s company specializes in producing cheese of different ages and flavors, and
“Our importers here have been hosting cheese tastings and offering
“They will learn about it and appreciate it once they find
At the event, the Swedish Trade and Invest Council also displayed the country’s distinctive products,
6 . Everyone, at one time or another, has experienced some challenges in friendships and relationships with family members. We might find ourselves frustrated(懊恼的) or angry with other people, or even find that we argue with them. The reality is that nobody is perfect and we need to realise that we should find ways to live happier and less stressful lives. Here are some tips on how to make relationships happier and healthier.
Respect other people and accept themThis is the most important point. If we want to show someone we love them, we need to first respect who they are and show them we accept them for who they are: Everyone is unique with different experiences and lives. By always remembering this, we will be able to develop and maintain strong relationships.
Be interested in others’ interestsWe might have friends who are crazy about sports, while we prefer reading. Or perhaps a parent’s hobby seems boring to us but it is something they love. If we want to keep our relationships strong and positive, we should at least take time to listen to them and talk about what matters to them. By doing this, we show them that we care about them and their interests
Apologise when you make a mistakeThis is the hardest thing for most of us to do, yet a simple “I’m sorry” can undo a lot of tension. By being humble when you make a mistake, you can fix any problem you may have caused and also show that you are a mature person
Stay connected through communicationGood communication is a fundamental part of a healthy relationship. When you experience a positive emotional connection with your partner, you feel safe and happy. When people stop communicating well, they stop relating well, and times of change or stress can really bring out the disconnect. It may sound simplistic, but as long as you are communicating, you can usually work through whatever problems you’re facing.
So, try and follow the advice and you will find that you have happier and stronger relationships with your friends and loved ones
1. What can be concluded from Paragraph 2?A.We need to realise that others are often wrong in our dealings with them. |
B.Our friends and loved ones can cause us stress by being wrong. |
C.Everyone can be right and wrong at times and we need to remember that. |
D.We should accept the people we love and respect them. |
A.be positive and confident |
B.discuss our partner’s concerns |
C.put our friends’ interests first |
D.be familiar with our parents’ hobbies |
A.Ignore our friends’ preferences. |
B.Never apologize for our mistakes. |
C.Check in with our friends regularly. |
D.No need to be mature. |
A.Being mature and admitting our mistakes when we make them. |
B.Respecting the fact that others may not appreciate our hobbies and interests. |
C.Showing our love for others when they hurt us or disrespect us. |
D.Accepting that our friends will eventually grow apart from us. |
A.To offer some tips on making healthier relationships |
B.To remind us about the challenges in friendships and relationships. |
C.To help us maintain relationships with family members. |
D.To share ways to live happier and less stressful lives. |
7 . How to Deal with Nosy (好管闲的) People
Nosy people are everywhere. They are just too much for us to tolerate. However, no matter what type of nosy people you meet, there are ways you can use to get out of the situation.
Respond. Do not react.
When someone starts asking personal questions one after another, you might get confused as to why. When you find yourself in this situation, remind yourself to slow down.
Answer them reasonably without showing too much.
One great way is to give a satisfactory answer without saying too many details. This way, you will satisfy their curiosity and keep your personal boundaries (界线) .
Sometimes, you just don’t feel like answering the other person’s questions. It could be because they have no business knowing the details. It could also be that they are rude. So, if someone asks you a personal question, you could politely decline to answer by saying, “Sorry, but I am not comfortable discussing my private matters like this.”
Show a lack of enthusiasm.
Your body language tells a lot about you. It tells other people whether you are interested in talking to them, whether you are having a good time and so on. So, if you want to communicate that you don’t appreciate them being nosy, you can do so with your body language. How do you do this? Easy! Just show a lack of enthusiasm.
A.Avoid talking with them. |
B.Politely decline to answer. |
C.So, give yourself time to react. |
D.There is no need to feel rushed at all! |
E.Use this way when the other person is a loved one. |
F.Give brief answers and don’t look them in the eye too much. |
G.Follow the ones below and you will find it easy to deal with them. |
8 . It’s never easy to say “no”, especially when we’re asked by someone close to us, Maybe a friend is asking you for a favor, or a co-worker is asking you to cover their shift for the afternoon
Be kind but forthright. Though you can always just say “no” on your own terms, you might find more success by padding your refusal with positivity.
Offer a brief explanation. Providing a concise explanation as to why you’re refusing a request is one polite way to say “no”. For instance, if you already have other work this week that would prevent you from hitting a pew deadline, let the person know that. You’d better avoid adding too much fluff (无价值的东西) to your explanation.
Know yourself. Knowing yourself and your needs will help you decide if you should say“no”. Have a brainstorming session about areas where you have too much on your plate.
A.Set healthy boundaries. |
B.Be honest about your own needs. |
C.When should you say “no” to them? |
D.Set boundaries between work and your personal life. |
E.That can very likely give the other person false hope. |
F.You can try keeping your voice calm, welcoming and kind. |
G.How can you stand your ground politely without feeling guilty? |
9 . When I was growing up, my dad spoke to me of Mr. Kosuge, as “your Japanese uncle”. My dad got to know him in 1991 in Beijing. They became fast friends, bonding over a curiosity about the other’s culture.
After my dad moved to Tennessee in 1993, Mr. Kosuge sent a holiday package to wish my parents a good next chapter. My parents returned the gesture, and since then, two distant families have established an annual tradition. Even as my parents and I relocated every few years throughout my growth, the arrival of a package from Japan was one of the few lasting constants in our lives.
This summer, I traveled to Tokyo for some reporting. I told my dad, who was planting a persimmon (柿子) tree in the backyard in California. If he was in town and available, my dad suggested, I could pay Mr. Kosuge a visit.
I walked out of Tokyo’s Haneda Airport and spotted Mr. Kosuge immediately. He held a handwritten sign with my Chinese name. On the train ride into the city, Mr. Kosuge pulled out a small photo album. I opened it to see a picture of my dad, with more hair and fewer wrinkles, holding me as a preschooler. On the next page I was in my middle school graduation dress. Then came my first high school singing performance, and I left the nest for college.
Mr. Kosuge and I discovered that we share a love for persimmons, a fruit enjoyed in both Japan and China. After leaving Tokyo, I traveled around the Kansai region, where persimmons flourish, to learn the art of making dried persimmon.
Before saying goodbye to the Kosuges, I invited them to visit my family in California, where they can help themselves to the persimmon tree anytime. Until then, I’ll be practicing the art of making dried persimmon with persimmons harvested by my parents, and perhaps we’ll include some in our annual Christmas package to the Kosuges. My Japanese uncle has been sharing with us a taste of Japan for more than two decades, and it’s about time we did it.
1. What tradition did the two families develop?A.Traveling together around the world. |
B.Planting persimmon trees in the backyard. |
C.Sending a gift package to each other every year. |
D.Settling down in a different place every few years. |
A.A handwritten sign with her Chinese name. | B.The endless love of her parents. |
C.Her constant pursuit of knowledge. | D.The memorable moments throughout her growth. |
A.To pay back his favor. |
B.To indicate her dad’s good harvest. |
C.To stress the popularity of persimmons. |
D.To satisfy Mr. Kosuge’s love for persimmons. |
A.A gift coming from a remote country. | B.A return favor for a lasting relationship. |
C.A family friendship across continents. | D.A visit to a friend in a distant country. |
10 . It’s a great feeling when someone gives you a compliment (赞美), isn’t it?
When someone does an activity or a task particularly well, let him/her know about it by saying “You did a great job!”
When you’ve bought something new, it feels great when other people are excited about it. For example, if you take out your new mobile phone and a colleague says, “What a cool phone!”, it makes you feel like you made the right decision to buy it.
Compliment someone on their personalities and you'll make a new friend. For example, if you like how happy a coworker is, you can tell him/her, “You are always so happy. It makes my day better.”
A.It’s a useful way to start a conversation, too. |
B.Everyone likes compliments about their appearance. |
C.Be careful with compliments about appearance, though. |
D.So, try giving someone a compliment and see their reaction. |
E.Return the favor by complimenting others on nice things they own. |
F.To make the compliment more meaningful, make it more specific. |
G.Use compliments like this for any quality that you appreciate in a person. |