1 . PRACTITIONERS

Jacqueline Felice de Almania (c.1322) highlights the suspicion that women practicing medicine faced. Born to a Jewish family in Florence, she moved to Paris where she worked as a physician and performed surgery. In 1322 she was tried for practicing unlawfully. In spite of the court hearing testimonials (证明) of her ability as a doctor, she was banned from medicine.	James Barry (c.1789 — 1865) was born Margaret Bulkley in Ireland but, dressed as a man, she was accepted by Edinburgh University to study medicine. She qualified as a surgeon in 1813, then joined the British Army, serving overseas. Barry retired in 1859, having practiced her entire medical profession living and working as a man.
Tan Yunxian (1461 — 1554) was a Chinese physician who learned her skills from her grandparents. Chinese women at the time could not serve apprenticeships (学徒期) with doctors. However, Tan passed the official exam. Tan treated women from all walks of life. In 1511, Tan wrote a book, Sayings of a Female Doctor, describing her life as a physician.	Rebecca Lee Crumpler (1831 — 1895) worked as a nurse for eight years before studying in medical college in Boston in 1860. Four years later, she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree. She moved to Virginia in 1865, where she provided medical care to freed slaves.

1. What did Jacqueline and James have in common?

A．Doing teaching jobs.	B．Being hired as physicians.
C．Performing surgery.	D．Being banned from medicine.

2. How was Tan Yunxian different from the other practitioners?

A．She wrote a book.	B．She went through trials.
C．She worked as a dentist.	D．She had formal education.

3. Who was the first African American with a medical degree?

A．Jacqueline Felice de Almania.	B．Tan Yunxian.
C．James Barry.	D．Rebecca Lee Crumpler.

2 . 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有 10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处错误，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。只允许修改10处，从第11处起不计分。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在该词下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

Since I was little, I’ve been larger than other girl. I hated a way I looked. My anxiety drives me to try every means to lose weight, dieting and weight-loss pills including. This only brought me pain and poor health. Everything changed the moment when I came across the story a plus-size model, Tess Holliday. Although she’s larger than most other models, she has the confidence to be her. Her story has changed my ideas about that it means to be beautiful. My health, mentally and physical, is the most important thing. Isn’t it better that I’m large and happy, instead of skinny and healthy?

3 . 假如你是李华，你的好朋友Tony给你写信，因为不健康的生活方式导致自身健康上出现问题，希望你能给他提几点保持健康的建议。内容包括
(1)写信目的；   (2)请给Tony 提出3点保持健康的建议；(3) 期望回信。
注       意：
(1) 可以适当增加细节，使内容连贯；
(2) 词数：100左右。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4 . Eating fruits and vegetables is part of keeping a healthy diet. Health experts ______ people should eat five servings of fruits and vegetables a day. A(n) ______ way to remember this is to try to eat each color of the rainbow (彩虹) ______. This is because different colored fruits and vegetables contain different vitamins and minerals. ______ you eat one of each color each day, you are sure to ______ the necessary nutrition your body needs.

______ fruits and vegetables is good for the heart. There are many delicious ______ in this group. Have an apple with lunch. You can ______ have a red pepper for a hot tasty small meal. ______ some tomatoes and put them on your sandwich. Or ______ you can have strawberries after dinner. When you ______ red, your heart works better.

Orange and yellow fruits and vegetables contain vitamin C. Vitamin C helps the ______ protect itself against disease. In this way it helps your body stay in good health. ______, these wonderful foods are good for your sight. So it is a great ______   to have a glass of orange juice with breakfast. Then put some peaches in your lunchbox. Are you afraid of catching a cold? ______ that from happening by eating a juicy tangerine (a type of small sweet orange).

Green fruits and vegetables have long been widely known as healthy foods. ______, they are especially good for keeping teeth and bones strong. When you eat green, your smile will thank you! Your bones will thank you too!

Blue and purple fruits and vegetables are useful to the ______. They help with memory. Put blueberries in your bowl. You can easily ______ where you put your keys!

Eating the rainbow is an easy way to ______ yourself. So make your eating habits a little more ______!

1.

A．forget

B．suggest

C．expect

D．doubt

2.

A．useful

B．difficult

C．old

D．strange

3.

A．safely

B．directly

C．slowly

D．daily

4.

A．Until

B．Unless

C．If

D．Although

5.

A．receive

B．know

C．share

D．discover

6.

A．Orange

B．Green

C．Blue

D．Red

7.

A．vegetables

B．smells

C．choices

D．drinks

8.

A．again

B．also

C．yet

D．only

9.

A．Taste

B．Grow

C．Pick

D．Cut

10.

A．perhaps

B．nearly

C．rather

D．finally

11.

A．eat

B．find

C．see

D．turn

12.

A．heart

B．body

C．head

D．mouth

13.

A．Instead

B．However

C．Besides

D．Next

14.

A．habit

B．dream

C．chance

D．fact

15.

A．Treat

B．Test

C．Enjoy

D．Prevent

16.

A．On purpose

B．As usual

C．In fact

D．At last

17.

A．brain

B．nose

C．teeth

D．bones

18.

A．prove

B．remember

C．describe

D．explain

19.

A．rely on

B．believe in

C．learn from

D．care for

20.

A．social

B．formal

C．colorful

D．personal

5 . Most important habits to keep your diet healthy.

1. Eat less: the 80% rule

According to the Okinawans, you should eat until you’re 80% full. Okinawans call this rule “Hara Hachi Bu”.     1     it takes about 15 to 20 minutes to inform your brain that you’re full. So when you start to feel like you’re more or less full, you probably are hitting the limit of your appetite.

2. Eat slowly and chew more

    2     So the more you chew, the better you can digest the food when it reaches your stomach. Tip: Don’t hold anything in your hands while you’re chewing. So tonight, I challenge you to put down your cutlery(餐具) and just focus on chewing while you’re eating.

3. Create a consistent eating routine

When your body doesn’t know when it’s getting food again, your body will go full “survival mode”. Your body will start storing every meal as fat in fear of running out of energy reserve. None of us want that.     3     Some people say eating every 2 to 3 hours is the way to go. Others say intermittent fasting(禁食)works for them. Others eat like the kids — consistent eating routine:     4    

4.     5    

The healthiest people (who also tend to be thin) follow a vegan diet, which means they eat plants. Most of the chronic diseases like diabetes, hypertension, atherosclerosis, gout, can be attenuated(缓解)and even reversed(治愈) by following a plant-based diet and supplementing it with Vitamin B 12 and Omega -3.

A．These are the three most important habits to keep your diet healthy.

B．whatever works for your body.

C．Here’s a simple fact:

D．But how frequent should you eat?

E．Lowering your fat intake is important for a heart-healthy diet.

F．It is not enough to be thin and the operative word is healthy.

G．Digesting your food actually starts in your mouth.

6 . We should take advantage of each event of sports and develop our skills in sports. But a safe playing area, an emergency plan, some safety equipment and safe techniques for performing should not be ignored.

Biking

Biking is a fun way for people of all ages to get active and stay fit. Biking can be an athlete’s primary sport, as well as a way for mixed exercises and avoid overuse injuries. Injured athletes often use biking to stay in shape during their recovery. Biking injuries can be prevented by wearing a properly fitted helmet when the rules of the road are followed.

Dance

Dance is an artistic, athletic, expressive. And social form of physical activity that attracts various people. Many forms of dance have physical demands and injury risks. Dance injuries can be prevented under proper supervision (监督) and by obeying the rules and safety guidelines (指导原则) properly for dance.

Horseback Riding

Horseback riding is a common activity in the United States. Unlike other sports, the risk of injury is the highest for the most inexperienced riders. Most horseback riding injuries happen when a rider falls or is thrown from horse, Horseback riding injuries can be prevented when riders use the appropriate equipment and follow safety guidelines, and after the rider has gained more experience.

Rowing

Rowing is a lifelong, year-round sport. Most rowing injuries are due to the repetitive motions of the sport and they can be prevented when athletes use the appropriate safety equipment and follow safety guidelines.

1. Which event is the most suitable for the saying “Practice makes perfect.” ?

A．Biking.	B．Dance.
C．Horseback Riding.	D．Rowing.

2. What can we learn about rowing?

A．It helps develop people’s abilities in sports.

B．It requires some special safety equipment.

C．It might build up one’s body and confidence.

D．It can be played in different seasons of a year.

3. Which event can help those who are returning to normal health?

A．Biking.	B．Dance.
C．Rowing.	D．Horseback Riding.

4. What’s the purpose of the author’s writing this passage?

A．To advise people to find pleasure in sports.

B．To remind people to avoid getting injured in sports.

C．To warn people to be careful when doing sports.

D．To encourage people to take part in various sports.

7 . There is no such thing as a “safe" level of drinking, with increased consumption of alcohol associated with poorer brain health, according to a new study.

In an observational study, which has not yet been peer-reviewed, researchers from the University of Oxford studied the relationship between the self-reported alcohol intake of some 25,000 people in the UK, and their brain scans. The researchers noted that drinking had an effect on the brain's gray matter-regions in the brain that make up "important bits where information is processed," according to lead author Anya Topiwala, a senior clinical researcher at Oxford.

“The more people drank, the less the volume of their gray matter,“ Topiwala said via email. "Brain volume reduces with age and more severely with dementia(痴呆症).Smaller brain volume also predicts worse performance on memory testing,“ she explained. "While alcohol only made a small contribution to this(0. 8%), it was a greater contribution than other "modifiable" risk factors," she said, explaining that modifiable risk factors are “ ones you can do something about, in contrast to aging.”

The team also investigated whether certain drinking patterns, beverage types and other health conditions made a difference to the impact of alcohol on brain health. They found that there was no "safe" level of drinking-meaning that consuming any amount of alcohol was worse than not drinking it. They also found no evidence that the type of drink— such as wine, spirits or beer—affected the harm done to the brain. However, certain characteristics, such as high blood pressure, obesity or binge-drinking, could put people at higher risk, researchers added.

The risks of alcohol have long been known： Previous studies have found that there's no amount of liquor, wine or beer that is safe for your overall health. Alcohol was the leading risk factor for disease and premature death in men and women between the ages of 15 and 49 worldwide in 2016, accounting for nearly one in 10 deaths, according to a study published in The Lancet in 2018.

“It has been known for decades that heavy drinking is bad for brain health," Sadie Boniface, head of research at the UK's Institute of Alcohol Studies, said via email. "We also shouldn't forget alcohol affects all parts of the body and there are multiple health risks. ”

1. What is the function of gray matter?

A．Control the mount of alcohol	B．Process information
C．Scan the brain	D．Predict the performance on memory

2. Which is NOT true in the following statements according to the study?

A．Drinking alcohol is worse than not drinking.

B．With people getting older, brain volume reduces.

C．Alcohol was the major risk factor for disease and premature death.

D．The less people drink alcohol, the more the volume of their gray matter.

3. Which is one of the "modifiable" risk factors?

A．Smoking

B．Aging

C．Death

D．Disease

4. What is the main idea of the text?

A．The mount of alcohol is not related to people's health.

B．People drinking alcohol do harm to their brain health.

C．People drinking alcohol lead to dementia.

D．Theresa great deal of liquor, wine or beer that is safe for health.

8 . The “freshman fifteen”

You may not have heard the words “freshman fifteen” before, but they are very important for students who are entering university.    1    “Fifteen” refers to fifteen pounds — the fifteen pounds added to a student’s weight in his or her first year. There are a number of reasons why first year university students put on weight, but it’s encouraging to know that freshmen don’t have to add these harmful fifteen pounds.

Mistakes choosing food

    2    Some students choose unhealthy food, because now their parents are not nearby to help them choose. Some students visit the kitchen many times while studying. Late at night, some students get unhealthy fast food such as French fries and chicken nuggets with soda to drink.

Eating right

    3    Here are some ideas:

•Think more about what you eat.

•Eat plenty of vegetables and healthy meats.

•Don’t eat desserts full of sugar; have fruit after dinner.

•    4    

•It’s all right to have a little fast food — but not often.

Remember that the “freshman fifteen” can happen to anyone.    5    Together, try to eat healthy food and not to eat junk food. Walking, running; and playing sports is always more fun with friends. Help each other and you can have a healthy and happy freshman year.

A．Talk to your friends about it.

B．Take a long trip and you will feel better!

C．A freshman is a first year college student.

D．University kitchens serve many kinds of food.

E．Try not to eat so much junk food when you study

F．If you are careful, you don’t have to add fifteen pounds.

G．Students also find that they have less time to do exercise.

9 . Food is part of who we are. It’s part of our habits and cultures. Sadly, we love food, but we don’t take care of it.     1    . Here are ways to help us love our food better and grow respect the world behind what we eat.

Reduce your food waste.

Buy only the food you need, learn to love ugly fruits and vegetables, store food wisely, donate excess and turn leftover food into the next day’s meals. When we waste food, all the resources used for growing, processing, transporting and marketing that food are wasted too.     2    .

Support your local food producers.

Chefs get awards, stars and recognition for their creations. But what about our farmers,     3    . Aren’t farmers the real heroes? Shop at your local markets and get to know your farmers.

Giving them your business is giving them your recognition and respect.

Adopt a healthier, more sustainable diet.

    4    . We get our energy and maintain our health from good food. We normally don’t pay attention to the power that food and nutrition have over our bodies. We need to respect that food is fuel. Too much of it, or too much of only one kind of it, can lead to obesity or diet-related diseases.

    5    .

By treating each meal with pride, we respect the farmers who produced it, the resources that went into it and the people who go without. Respect can be passed on. Talk to the people around you and to the next generation about making informed, healthy and sustainable food choices.

A．Have a conversation

B．Learn where food comes from

C．Our bodies run off of calories and nutrients

D．For many people on the planet, food is a given

E．Food is so much more than what is on our plates

F．About one third of all food produced globally is lost or wasted

G．Without them, we wouldn’t have the fresh food we need on a daily basis

10 . Taking an afternoon nap could keep your brain sharp, a new study has said. Adults ages 60 and older who took afternoon naps showed signs of better mental ability compared to those who didn’t nap, according to a study published in General Psychiatry earlier this week.

Researchers analyzed napping habits in 2, 214 older Chinese people and measured their cognitive abilities using several cognitive tests. Participants took the Mini-Mental State Examination and the Beijing version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, both of which test for memory, language and other cognitive abilities. In every category listed in the study, nappers tested statistically higher on average compared to their non-napping counterparts.

Researchers did not gather data from people under 60, so a correlation cannot be drawn between napping and younger generations. The study also noted that there are conflicting studies about the benefits and risks of napping.

Sleeping behaviors can be affected by a multitude of factors, said Dr. David Neubauer, associate professor at Johns Hopkins University. “Daily routines, medication use and sleep disorders can all play a role in how frequently someone takes a nap.” he said.

Neubauer recommended taking a shorter “power nap” of up to 20 minutes to decrease the chances of transitioning into slow-wave sleep, which makes people feel groggy when they wake up. “Napping can be a healthy part of an older adult’s day”, Neubauer acknowledged, but make sure “sleepiness isn’t due to a treatable nighttime sleep disorder.” Older individuals who want to do all they can to preserve their cognitive functioning should put nighttime sleep first.

1. What is the best way to keep a better cognitive ability for the old?

A．Take a nap every day.

B．Take sleep disorder seriously.

C．Have a good sleep at night.

D．Do exercise regularly.

2. How did the researchers reach the conclusion?

A．By taking the examinations and assessment.

B．By analyzing napping habits and giving tests.

C．By measuring nappers’ ability and analyzing them.

D．By doing an experiment.

3. Which has NO effect on one’s sleeping behaviors?

A．Taking a nap.

B．Medicine treatment

C．Sleep problems

D．Everyday activities.

4. What can we know about “slow-wave sleep”?

A．It appears in short nap up to 20 minutes.

B．People should avoid it in their naps.

C．It is a healthy part of an elder’s day.

D．It was recommended by Neubauer.