1 . Eating ultra-processed (超加工的) foods for more than 20％ of your daily calorie intake every day can set you on the road to cognitive (认知的) decline, according to a new study. Previous studies have found they can raise the risk of having obesity, heart and circulation problems, diabetes and cancer. They may even shorten our lives. Now, the new study has revealed eating more ultra-processed foods may contribute to overall cognitive decline, including the areas of the brain involved in executive (决策的) functioning — the ability to process information and make decisions.

In fact, men and women who ate the most ultra-processed foods had a 28% faster rate of global cognitive decline and a 25% faster rate of executive function decline compared with people who ate the least amount of overly processed food, the new study found. “While in need of further study and replication, the new results are quite convincing and emphasize the critical role for proper nutrition in preserving and promoting brain health and reducing risk for brain diseases as we get older,” said Tanzi, a Professor of Neurology at Harvard Medical School. He was not involved in the study.

The study, presented on August 1 at the 2022 Alzheimer’s Association International Conference in San Diego, followed over 10,000 Brazilians whose average age was 51 for up to 10 years. Just over half of the study participants were women.

Cognitive testing, which included immediate and delayed word recall, word recognition and verbal fluency were performed at the beginning and end of the study, and the participants were inquired about their diet. “In Brazil, ultra-processed foods make up 25% to 30% of the total calorie intake. We eat a lot of hamburgers, chocolate and white bread. It’s not very different, unfortunately, from many other western countries,” said co-author Dr. Claudia Suemoto, an assistant professor.

Ultra-processed foods are defined as “industrial formulations of food substances (oils, fats, sugars, starch, and protein isolates) that contain little or no whole foods and typically include flavorings, colorings and other chemical additives”, according to the study.

1. What is Tanzi’s attitude towards the new study?

A．Objective.	B．Doubtful.
C．Ambiguous.	D．Disapproving.

2. What can we know about the new study?

A．Its participants were over 50 years old.

B．It followed the participants for a period of time.

C．It proved men had a faster rate of cognitive decline than women.

D．It first found ultra-processed foods could raise the risk of obesity.

3. What were the participants asked to do in the study?

A．Eat their favorite foods.

B．Introduce their daily routine.

C．Enhance their verbal fluency.

D．Take a series of cognitive tests.

4. Which is the most suitable title for the text?

A．The substances of ultra-processed foods

B．The appropriate intake of ultra-processed foods

C．Cognitive decline linked to ultra-processed foods

D．Ultra-processed foods causing executive functioning loss

2 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Fitness enthusiasts in China are experiencing a change     1     sports habits thanks to the fast development of online platforms and the use of smart technologies.

These enthusiasts now wear smart gadgets(小装置)     2     (track)body reaction during workouts. They make personalized fitness plans on smart apps, and familiarize     3     (they)with smart fitness equipment.

A     4     (new)opened smart running track at Beijing’s Olympic Forest Park,     5     favorite destination for local running enthusiasts, is a good example of     6     smart technologies are upgrading the public’s sports experience.

Runners on the track acquire a range of data, including information about those currently using the track, real-time temperature and weather reports, and instructions about running. This data     7     (present)on smart     8     (interact)screens alongside the track, which opened to the public early last month.

The track is also linked to an app that can be installed on smartphones and other portable devices. Runners     9     (use)the app receive instructions, such as suggested running speeds and the right time to rest or drink water.

Runners on the track also take part in online challenges relating to different distances and particular difficulties.

After signing up for the challenges on the app, they choose the time they want to start. The athletes’ results are uploaded online for     10     (compare)with others, and participants receive medals for outstanding results.