1 . 听下面一段独白, 回答以下小题。
1. What does Amy Williams do?

A．She is a doctor.

B．She is a scientist.

C．She is a gym coach.

2. Who dislikes standing desks according to the speaker?

A．People who have more energy.

B．People who like doing exercise.

C．People who wear professional clothes.

3. What is one problem with standing desks according to Lisa Brown?

A．A high cost.

B．Difficulty using them.

C．More health problems.

4. What does James Ryan prefer to do at work?

A．Sit down.

B．Go for a walk.

C．Use the standing desk.

2 . Eating ultra-processed (超加工的) foods for more than 20％ of your daily calorie intake every day can set you on the road to cognitive (认知的) decline, according to a new study. Previous studies have found they can raise the risk of having obesity, heart and circulation problems, diabetes and cancer. They may even shorten our lives. Now, the new study has revealed eating more ultra-processed foods may contribute to overall cognitive decline, including the areas of the brain involved in executive (决策的) functioning — the ability to process information and make decisions.

In fact, men and women who ate the most ultra-processed foods had a 28% faster rate of global cognitive decline and a 25% faster rate of executive function decline compared with people who ate the least amount of overly processed food, the new study found. “While in need of further study and replication, the new results are quite convincing and emphasize the critical role for proper nutrition in preserving and promoting brain health and reducing risk for brain diseases as we get older,” said Tanzi, a Professor of Neurology at Harvard Medical School. He was not involved in the study.

The study, presented on August 1 at the 2022 Alzheimer’s Association International Conference in San Diego, followed over 10,000 Brazilians whose average age was 51 for up to 10 years. Just over half of the study participants were women.

Cognitive testing, which included immediate and delayed word recall, word recognition and verbal fluency were performed at the beginning and end of the study, and the participants were inquired about their diet. “In Brazil, ultra-processed foods make up 25% to 30% of the total calorie intake. We eat a lot of hamburgers, chocolate and white bread. It’s not very different, unfortunately, from many other western countries,” said co-author Dr. Claudia Suemoto, an assistant professor.

Ultra-processed foods are defined as “industrial formulations of food substances (oils, fats, sugars, starch, and protein isolates) that contain little or no whole foods and typically include flavorings, colorings and other chemical additives”, according to the study.

1. What is Tanzi’s attitude towards the new study?

A．Objective.	B．Doubtful.
C．Ambiguous.	D．Disapproving.

2. What can we know about the new study?

A．Its participants were over 50 years old.

B．It followed the participants for a period of time.

C．It proved men had a faster rate of cognitive decline than women.

D．It first found ultra-processed foods could raise the risk of obesity.

3. What were the participants asked to do in the study?

A．Eat their favorite foods.

B．Introduce their daily routine.

C．Enhance their verbal fluency.

D．Take a series of cognitive tests.

4. Which is the most suitable title for the text?

A．The substances of ultra-processed foods

B．The appropriate intake of ultra-processed foods

C．Cognitive decline linked to ultra-processed foods

D．Ultra-processed foods causing executive functioning loss

3 . Teasing Kids About Their Weight May Make Them Gain More

School can be tough on kids who have overweight or obesity. They’ re often cruelly teased and bullied.     1    , which was confirmed in a study of Pediatric Obesity. The study found that making fun of kids for their weight is linked to increased weight gain well into adulthood—the more teasing that kids and teens experience, the more weight they may gain.

To assess the link between teasing and weight gain, the author surveyed 110 children and young teens who were either overweight themselves or who had two parents with overweight.     2    .

During the first visit, the kids were asked whether they had been bullied for their size. Among participants with overweight, 62% reported they had been teased at least once, while 21% of straight-size, at-risk participants reported they had been.     3    . Whether they had overweight at the study’s start or not, those who reported being teased often for their weight gained 33% more body mass, on average, and 91% more fat per year than their peers who weren’t teased.

    4    . “But we can say weight-based teasing was significantly linked with weight gain over time,” she says.

    5    . Teasing can also lead to increased levels of the stress hormone cortisol, which can stimulate appetite, and increase risk for depression and anxiety—both of which contribute to disordered eating. It also may drive kids away from physical activities like sports and gym classes, where they risk getting made fun of for their size.

A．Teasing might have undefined effects

B．Researchers followed about 8.5 years

C．Bullying may have continuous consequences

D．Others showed shame may cause over-eating

E．The study shows teasing might increase weight gain

F．The author notes the study cannot determine causality

G．Overweight parents make children at risk of overweight

4 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Fitness enthusiasts in China are experiencing a change     1     sports habits thanks to the fast development of online platforms and the use of smart technologies.

These enthusiasts now wear smart gadgets(小装置)     2     (track)body reaction during workouts. They make personalized fitness plans on smart apps, and familiarize     3     (they)with smart fitness equipment.

A     4     (new)opened smart running track at Beijing’s Olympic Forest Park,     5     favorite destination for local running enthusiasts, is a good example of     6     smart technologies are upgrading the public’s sports experience.

Runners on the track acquire a range of data, including information about those currently using the track, real-time temperature and weather reports, and instructions about running. This data     7     (present)on smart     8     (interact)screens alongside the track, which opened to the public early last month.

The track is also linked to an app that can be installed on smartphones and other portable devices. Runners     9     (use)the app receive instructions, such as suggested running speeds and the right time to rest or drink water.

Runners on the track also take part in online challenges relating to different distances and particular difficulties.

After signing up for the challenges on the app, they choose the time they want to start. The athletes’ results are uploaded online for     10     (compare)with others, and participants receive medals for outstanding results.

5 . A research team led by Del Pozo Cruz from the University of Southern Denmark, recently published a study that found walking 10,000 steps a day lowered the risk for dementia by 50%.

However, if walking occurred at a brisk pace of 112 steps a minute for 30 minutes, it maximized risk reduction, leading to a 62% reduction in dementia risk. The 30 minutes of fast-paced walking didn’t have to occur all at once — it could be spread out over the day. “Our take is that intensity of stepping matters — over and above volume,” said Cruz.

The new study followed 78,500 people between the ages of 40 and 79 from England, Scotland and Wales who wore wrist step counters for 24 hours a day over a seven day stretch. After counting each person’s total number of steps each day, researchers placed them into two categories: Fewer than 40 steps per   minute, which is more like when you’re walking from room to room — and more than 40 steps per minute, or so-called “purposeful” walking. A third category was created for peak performers — hose who took the most steps per minute within 30 minutes over the course of a day.

About seven years later, researchers compared that data to medical records and found people who took the most steps per minute showed the biggest reduction in risk for cancer, heart disease and early death from any cause.

Researchers found the association between peak 30-minute steps and risk reduction to be dependent on the disease studied: There was a 62% reduction for dementia, an 80% decline for cardiovascular disease and death, and about a 20% drop in risk for cancer.

What’s the takeaway? You don’t have to fixate on the numbers of steps. “Spend 30 minutes being breathless at whatever pace you’re at, and then keep challenging yourself to be slightly unsatisfied at your current level so you can get better and better,” said Dr. Andrew Freeman.

1. Which aspect of walking does the study focus on?

A．Its time.

B．Its pace.

C．Its length.

D．Its popularity.

2. What can we learn about the subjects in the third category?

A．They are the oldest.	B．They are from Wales.
C．They walk the quickest.	D．They walk without step counters.

3. What does paragraph 5 mainly tell us about the study?

A．Its findings.	B．Its procedures.
C．Its medical application.	D．Its theoretical significance.

4. What does Freeman suggest walkers do?

A．Count their steps as exactly as possible.	B．Spare themselves 30 minutes every day.
C．Aim a little higher than their present level.	D．Set a specific goal for themselves each day.