1 . Have you ever noticed that sometimes you may be ill suited or perfect for the same thing?
You’re more helpful on sunny days. Sun makes you happy!
Cold temperatures impact complex physical tasks.
Lack of sunlight makes you eat more. Bears hibernate (冬眠) while humans just start swallowing everything in sight. Well, bears eat much too, before they go to sleep.
A.Sunlight makes you spend more money. |
B.Sunny days make you feel more tired. |
C.The secret lies in distinct weather conditions. |
D.Being less stressed leads to a poor life. |
E.Happy people tend to be more willing to help others. |
F.The cold, dark winter months make it much easier to overeat. |
G.When you’re cold, your muscles feel slow and dull. |
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号( Ʌ),并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改:在错的间下划一横线,并在该词下而写出修改后的词。
注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11 处起)不计分。
Winter is my favourite seasons. It is very cold and everyone had to wear thick warm clothes, but I always enjoy the winter here in Harbin.
The temperature is usually below the zero and it is often snowy. Everything covered in deep white snow but the lakes and rivers are frozen,
During this season, we cannot see colorful flowers or green trees, but the land is quiet and beauty.
My friends and I love playing outside in winter. It is excited to have big snowball fights for us. They also make snowmen and use carrots for their noses, what look funny.
Harbin’s winter is such great that it attracts tourists from all over the country.
3 . Growing at high speed and absorbing huge amounts of atmospheric carbon dioxide, could seaweeds be the key to fighting climate change? Scientists in Australia think so. In Australia, scientists are taking advantage of the power of seaweeds to absorb CO2 at a rate that equals to the Amazon rainforest!
Kelp (巨藻) is one of the most common seaweeds. It has many types and grows at great speed. Giant kelp, for example, can grow up to 50 cm per day. Seaweeds use photosynthesis (光合作用) to absorb CO2, and grow biomass. Seaweeds are thought to absorb nearly 200 million tonnes of our globe’s CO2 per year.
Pia Winberg, founder of Australia’s first land-based commercial seaweed farm, suggests that growing more seaweeds could be an essential tool in the fight against climate change. “If we used the infrastructure we have in the ocean and created seaweed islands, we would actually remove many climate change issues we have today,” she said.
The Great Southern Reef is an 8,000-km network of reefs in Australia. Golden kelp forms the backbone of the network. With many other species, including giant kelp and bull kelp, growing there, it is a good place for series of relevant projects. The Great Southern Reef project managed by an independent team of seience professionals is working to promote the recognition and management of Australia’s kelp forests. The project estimates that if these kelp forests were cultivated in just 0.001% of the ocean’s surface, the amounts of the CO2: they absorb could offset (抵消) the carbon emissions of the global aquaculture (水产养殖) industry.
Of seaweeds’ potential, there’s a long chain of wins with this.
1. What is the scientists’ attitude towards growing seaweeds to absorb CO2?A.Doubtful. | B.Unclear. | C.Positive. | D.Negative. |
A.It can grow 50 cm per day at most. |
B.It is unique to the Great Southern Reef. |
C.It is cultivated in commercial seaweed farm. |
D.It absorbs nearly 200 million tonnes of CO: every year. |
A.It is managed by an independent team of science professionals. |
B.It has the largest network of reefs in Australia. |
C.It is home to many species of seaweeds. |
D.It works to protect Australia’s kelp forests. |
A.Different species of seaweed absorb CO2 in different ways. |
B.Bull kelp forms the backbone of the reefs network in Australia. |
C.The Great Southern Reef absorbs as much CO2 as the Amazon rainforest. |
D.Seaweed forests could be the key to fighting climate change. |
The world’s oceans reached their hottest level in recorded history last year, supercharging (加剧) extreme weather events, scientists have reported. They found that the five hottest recorded years in the oceans
Hotter oceans destroy rainfall patterns, which
The study also finds that the sinking of surface waters and upwelling of deeper water is reducing as the seas heat up. This means the surface layers heats up even further and fewer nutrients for marine life are brought up from the
“The oceans reached yet another new record level of warmth in 2020,
5 . Somalia, Kenya, and now Ethiopia are warning of a serious drought (干旱)that affects millions of people in Eastern Africa. In Ethiopia’s Somali area, people have seen the failures of what should have been three straight rainy seasons. Droughts do come and go over the years. However, the lack of rainfall has led to the driest conditions in 40 years in parts of Somalia and Ethiopia.
UNICEF is the United Nation’s children’s agency. Local Zaynab Wali told a visiting team with UNICEF that she and her seven children had never seen a drought like this. She said the government gave out food for animals during the last drought five years ago. “This time, we even don’t have enough food for our family.”
Children walk among the bodies of dead animals, which died from lack of food and energy. Somalia Consortium works to improve international aid for Somalia. It said in a separate statement that in Somalia, more than 7 million people need emergency help. It is asking international organizations to give much more to the country.
“We are just one month into the long dry season, and I have already lost 25 goats and sheep,” Hafsa Bedel in Ethiopia’s Somali area told UNICEF. She also lost four camels, a large desert animal, as well. She said there was nowhere for her animals to eat. She added that there was not enough food for her own family, including her six children.
UNICEF thinks that more than 150,000 children in such areas of Ethiopia have dropped out of school. They are needed to help find the limited amount of water and help their families with other work.
One young boy was seen supporting an animal, a donkey. The donkey was once important for carrying goods. But now, it had become too weak to walk on its own.
1. Why did Zaynab Wali mention the last drought?A.To show the need to protect animals. | B.To express her disappointment this time. |
C.To prove the high frequency of drought. | D.To praise the government for its timely help. |
A.Get more foreign help. |
B.Warn people of the risk of drought. |
C.Offer more education to the children there. |
D.Make clear the number of people in need. |
A.The sweet picture of the boy and the animal. |
B.The functions of animals in farming. |
C.The importance of taking care of the weak animal. |
D.The seriousness of the drought. |
A.Drought in Eastern Africa Leaves Animals in Danger |
B.Drought Makes People of Eastern Africa Leave Their Home |
C.UN Officials Care for Children Affected by Drought |
D.Millions Face Risk as Drought Affects Eastern Africa |
6 . The number of weather-related disasters has increased by five times over the past 50 years, the latest report by the World Meteorological (气象) Organization (WMO) said on September 1. However, thanks to improved early warning systems and disaster management, the number of death from these hazards (危险) has been almost three times less.
According to the WMO, from 1970 to 2019, weather, climate and water hazards accounted for 50 percent of all disasters. Among the top 10 hazards that led to the largest loss of human life during this period were droughts, storms, floods and extreme temperatures. However, deaths fell from over 50, 000 in the 1970s to less than 20, 000 in the 2010s.
“Weather, climate and water extremes are increasing and will become more frequent and severe in many parts of the world as a result of climate change,” says WMO Secretary-General Petteri Taalas.
“That means more heatwaves, drought and forest fires such as those we have observed recently in Europe and North America. We have more water vapor in the atmosphere, which is worsening extreme rainfall and deadly flooding. The warming of the oceans has affected the frequency and area of existence of the most intense tropical storms.”
“Economic losses are increasing as exposure increases. But behind the statistics lies a message of hope. Improved multi-hazard early warning systems have led to a significant reduction in deaths. Quite simply, we are better than ever before at saving lives,” Taalas said.
1. What do we know from the first paragraph?A.Disasters connected with weather have gone up. |
B.The number of weather-related disasters has decreased. |
C.The number of deaths from hazards has been increasing. |
D.Early warning systems have made disasters decline much. |
A.There will be more extreme weather. |
B.Extreme rainfall will no longer exist. |
C.Water vapor in the atmosphere will go down. |
D.Humans will conquer extreme weather in the end. |
A.Improved warning systems will save economic losses. |
B.Economic losses are going down as exposure increases. |
C.Improved early warning systems will control extreme weather |
D.More lives will be saved thanks to early warning systems. |
A.A novel. | B.A chemistry book. | C.A magazine. | D.A guideline. |
7 . When it comes to global warming, we know that the real problem is not just fossil fuels — it is the logic of endless growth that is built into our economic system. If we don't keep the global economy growing by at least 3% per year, it will get into crisis. That means we have to double the size of the economy every 20 years, just to stay afloat. It doesn't take much to realise that this need for fast growth makes little sense given the limits of our planet.
Rapid climate change is the most obvious symptom of this contradiction, but we're also seeing it in the form of deforestation (滥伐森林) and mass extinction, with species dying as a result of the loss of their habitats. It was unthinkable to say this even 10 years ago.
The question is what to do about it. How can we redesign the global economy to bring it in line with the principles of ecology? The most obvious answer is to stop using GDP to measure economic progress and replace it with a more thoughtful measure-one that accounts for the ecological and social impact of economic activity. Outstanding economists like Nobel Prize winner Joseph Stiglitz have been calling for such changes for years and it's time we listened.
But replacing GDP is only the first step. While it might help refocus economic policies on what really matters, it doesn't address the main driver of growth: debt. Debt is the reason that the economy has to grow in the first place. Because debt always comes with interest, it grows fast — so if a person, a business, or a country wants to pay down debt over the long term, they have to grow enough to at least match the growth of their debt. Without growth, debt piles up and eventually lead to an economic crisis.
1. What does rapid climate change mainly result from?A.The limits of our planet. |
B.Mass extinction of species. |
C.Logic of growth in economy. |
D.The loss of some species' habitats. |
A.Endless growth. | B.The real problem. |
C.Global warming. | D.The global economy. |
A.Redesigning the principles of ecology. |
B.Concentrating more on saving natural resources. |
C.Stopping using GDP to measure economy progress. |
D.Using a new measure focusing on economic activity. |
A.It drives economy to grow. |
B.It helps avoid economic crisis. |
C.It grows faster than the interest does. |
D.It piles up when good growth of economy happens. |
8 . Most people can't wait for spring to arrive. It means flowers and warmer weather, all welcome changes from the dark winter days. Now we know that spring is arriving sooner in the Northern Hemisphere (北半球)than it was in the past, thanks to a study published in Scientific Reports.
For example, Los Angeles may experience spring only a day earlier than it did 10 years ago, but further north, in Seattle or Chicago, spring will arrive four days earlier. If you lived in the Arctic, spring could arrive 16 days earlier than it used to.
To determine how springtime is starting earlier, researchers looked at temperature records and 743 earlier studies over 86 years. These studies were about various biological indicators of spring, including birds migrating, plants flowering and amphibians(两栖动物)sounding their mating calls. Researchers then studied these data to see if they were occurring earlier. The result showed that not only is spring making itself known sooner but it's warmer, too.
Before you go out in a happy springtime hike, spring arriving sooner isn't so good. The livelihood of migratory birds, for instance, may be concerned.
“The food that birds rely on when they move to the north might not be reliable if the beginning of spring at these higher latitudes(维度)is expanded by future warming." said Eric Post. He is a fellow of the John Muir Institute and a polar ecologist.
Animals relying on Arctic sea ice, like polar bears, probably aren't crazy about things warming up sooner, either, because it impacts on their ability to hunt. Spring's early arrival could cause disorder in the delicate balance of various ecosystems~~not to mention how soon you'll need to buy allergy medicine.
1. We learn from the study published in Scientific Reports that.A.spring comes earliest in Los Angeles |
B.Los Angeles is further north than Seattle |
C.spring comes 12 days earlier in Arctic than in Chicago |
D.the further north a place lies, the sooner spring comes than before |
A.comparing related data available |
B.conducting research and test |
C.calculating the exact length of each spring |
D.observing animal's behavior all year round |
A.Concerns over spring's early arrival. |
B.Springtime emergence of creatures. |
C.Early springtime's impacts on humans. |
D.Disorder in the balance of ecosystems. |
A.Medical Report. | B.Survival Stories. |
C.Scientific Discoveries. | D.Natural environment |
9 . Our planet is covered in water. Just 2.5 percent of that water, however, is fresh. Of that, only about one third is liquid. The rest is locked up as ice. Yet we depend on the fresh water available for everything.
As climate changes, though, water available changes too. Water, climate and weather are connected in the water cycle. Scientists use supercomputers to explore the complex ways that climate change is changing the water cycle. They have found that as climate warms, the atmosphere holds more water: about 4 percent more for every 1.8 degrees Celsius. From 2002 to 2017, a satellite mission called Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment called GRCE tracked Earth's water resources from above. A pair of twin satellites was able to "weigh" earth's water by measuring how much the planet pulls it. If the amount of surface water or even groundwater changes, so does the pull of gravity at that location. That gravitational pull is affected by changes in mass (质量). As the first satellite passed over an area, differences in gravity slightly changed the distance between the two satellites. Scientists translate those data into water or ice mass. Then they compare them with historical data to measure changes in places where water and ice are distributed over time.
Data from computers and satellites agree. That is, climate change is changing the availability of water around the world. In South Africa and many regions, droughts are becoming more common. In other areas, such as California and Europe, changing rainfall patterns lead to river flows peaking earlier in the year, followed by water shortages. Meanwhile, the average rainfall in the United States has actually increased by 5 centimeters (2 inches) since 1895.
1. How does climate warming affect water recycle?A.More water goes into the atmosphere. |
B.More ice melts into liquid. |
C.More water spreads on the surface of the earth. |
D.It's harder to get underground water. |
A.Underground water changes too. |
B.Gravitational pull at the same place changes too. |
C.Changes in mass of water happens. |
D.The planet pulls the water harder. |
A.The water cycle is hard to break. |
B.Earth's total water remains the same. |
C.Climate change can't change the water cycle. |
D.Climate change alters the distribution of water resources. |
A.The availability of fresh water on the earth. |
B.The causes of climate warming. |
C.The effect of climate warming on water cycle. |
D.The use of modern technology to study climate change. |
10 . El Nino, a Spanish term for “the Christ child”, was named by South American fisherman who noticed that the global weather pattern, which happens every two to seven years, reduced the amount of fishes caught around Christmas. El Nino sees warm water, collected over several years in the western Pacific, flow back eastwards when winds that normally blow westwards weaken, or sometimes the other way round.
The weather effects are both good and bad, which are felt in many places. Rich countries gain more from powerful Nino, on balance, than they lose. A study found that a strong Nino in 1997-98 helped American’s economy grow by 15 billion, partly because of better agricultural harvests: farmers in the Midwest gained from extra rain. The total rise in agricultural incomes in rich countries is greater than the fall in poor ones.
But in Indonesia extremely dry forests are in flames. A multi-year drought (干旱) in south-east Brazil is becoming worse. Though heavy rains brought about by El Nino may relieve the drought in California, they are likely to cause surface flooding and other disasters.The most recent powerful Nino, in 1997-98, killed around 21,000 people and caused damage worth $36 billion around the globe. But such Ninos come with months of warning, and so much is known about how they happen that governments can prepare. According to the Overseas Development Institute (ODI), however, just 12% of disaster-relief funding in the past two decades has gone on reducing risks in advance, rather than recovery and rebuilding afterwards. This is despite evidence that a dollar spent on risk-reduction saves at least two on reconstruction.
Simple improvements to infrastructure (基础设施) can reduce the spread of disease. Better sewers (下水道) make it less likely that heavy rain is followed by an outbreak of the disease of bad stomach. Stronger bridges mean villages are less likely to be left without food and medicine after floods. According to a paper in 2011 by Mr Hsiang and co-authors, civil conflict is related to El Nino’s harmful effects—and the poorer the country, the stronger the link. Though the relationship may not be causal, helping divided communities to prepare for disasters would at least reduce the risk that those disasters are followed by killing and wounding people. Since the poorest are least likely to make up for their losses from disasters linked to El Nino, reducing their losses needs to be the priority.
1. What can we learn about El Nino in Paragraph 1?A.It sees the changes of water flow direction in the ocean. |
B.It takes place almost every year all over the world. |
C.It forces fishermen to stop catching fish around Christmas. |
D.It is named after a South American fisherman. |
A.Agricultural harvests in rich countries fall. |
B.Droughts become more harmful than floods. |
C.Poor countries suffer less from droughts economically. |
D.Rich countries’ gains are greater than their losses. |
A.To introduce El Nino and its origin. | B.To explain the consequences of El Nino. |
C.To show ways of fighting against El Nino. | D.To urge people to prepare for El Nino. |