1 . 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加: 在缺词处加一个漏字符号(^)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除: 把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改: 在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意: 1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

Last week, our class holds a discussion about that a family should own a car or not. Here are the results. Many students think it’s necessary for a family to owning a car because it’s convenient, fast or comfortable. With a car, family member can go to many places together at any time. A car is especially important when a family faces emergencies. On contrary, some students think that buying a car is unnecessary for a family. A family has to pay a lot of to keep a car in good condition. Beside, parking cars can be really annoyed. In my opinion, a family should think careful before buying a car.

2 . 假定你是李华，计划在暑假期间骑行游览丝绸之路西安至兰州路段（约660公里）。请给你的加拿大朋友Henry写封邮件，邀请他参加。内容包括：
1）出发时间；
2）骑行路线；
3）注意事项。
注意：1）词数100左右；
2）可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3 . After nearly half a century behind the wheel, Hisao Matsumoto, 85, is not ready to stop driving. “I’m not that old yet,” he says. “I still have 15 more years to go till I reach 100.” Mr.Matsumoto is one of more than 5 million drivers aged 75 or older. A million more will be on the roads by 2021.Worried, the police are trying to persuade many of them out of driving, because over­75s are twice as likely to cause a fatal (致命的) accident as younger drivers, according to the National Police Agency (NPA).

Nearly half of older drivers who caused fatal accidents had signs of cognitive impairment (认知障碍). Hundreds of older drivers turn the wrong way into motor ways every year. In January an 85­year­old man steered his vehicle into oncoming traffic on a country road, hitting a car and two schoolgirls. Police believe he mistook the accelerator for the brake. The man’s family said he had rejected their requests to hand over his keys many times.

Such stubbornness is common, notes Kazunori Iwakoshi, who heads an NGO that supports elderly drivers. Many drivers argue that they have never had an accident and it is unfair to do that, so they resent themselves being cast aside.

Since last March over­75s renewing their licenses must take cognitive tests to screen for dementia (老年痴呆). The NPA expects these changes to take 15,000 drivers off the road each year. Last year more than 250,000 over­75s gave up their licenses after their families’ constant stream of persuasion, says Mr.Iwakoshi. His organization publishes a check list for elderly drivers, aimed at getting them to assess their responses themselves.

Mr.Matsumoto is lucky. His city gives pensioners unlimited access to public transport. However, thousands of elderly people are stuck in rural communities with no buses.

1. Why do the police try to persuade elderly drivers to stop driving?

A．To encourage younger drivers to drive safely.

B．To reduce the number of deadly accidents.

C．To introduce the National Police Agency.

D．To stress the significance of safe driving.

2. Which word is closest in meaning to the underlined word “resent” in Paragraph 3?

A．Praise.	B．Support.
C．Injure.	D．Dislike.

3. What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about?

A．Tests to assess elderly drivers’ responses.

B．Families’ contributions to traffic safety.

C．Ways to renew licenses for elderly drivers.

D．Measures to control the number of elderly drivers.

4. What is implied about the limitation to elderly drivers in the last paragraph?

A．It can cause some new problems.

B．It is popular among elderly drivers.

C．It will do elderly drivers more harm than good.

D．It brings about easy access to public transport.

4 . As the coronavirus（冠状病毒）outbreak continues，many Americans are fearful of using public transportation. They are also looking for ways to get exercise without going to a gym. So, it may not be surprising that . the pandemic（疫情）has led to a major increase in bicycle sales.

In the US, bicycles at big stores have sold out. And small bicycle stores cannot keep up with demand for “family-style” bicycles: the low-cost, easy-to-ride models. “The bicycle industry is seeing its biggest sales increase since the oil crisis of the 1970s,” said Jay Townley, an industry expert. He compared the sale of bicycles to the rush to buy products like toilet paper at the start of the pandemic.

The rise in bicycle . sales is not happening just in the US. Italy has created bicycle paths for the growing number of people who want to avoid public transportation. In London, city officials plan to ban cars from some central roads. Bike shop owners in Manila say demand is even stronger than what they see at Christmas time.

Of course, you can only buy a bicycle if you can find one. In the US, the shortages now mean it may take many months to get a bicycle. High demand is not the only reason for the shortage. Many bicycle factories were shut down to stop the spread of COVID-19. The increase in bicycle demand began in March as countries began to close down. In April, the sale of bicycles increased 200 percent in the US.

Joe Minutolo is the co-owner of Bar Harbor Bicycle Shop in Maine. He said he hoped the increased sales meant a change in the way people think about transportation. “People are having a chance to rethink things,” he said, “Maybe we'll all learn something out of this, and something really good will happen.”

1. What change has the pandemic caused in Italy?

A．More bikes are sold than at Christmas time.

B．“Family-style” bicycles are in great need.

C．Cars are banned from some central roads.

D．New bicycle paths have been built.

2. What can we know from Paragraph 4?

A．It's impossible to buy a bike.

B．Bike factories were closed in April.

C．High demand for bikes began in March.

D．It takes many months to produce a bike.

3. What is Joe Minutolo's attitude towards the increased sales of bicycles?

A．Doubtful.	B．Positive.
C．Uncertain.	D．Critical.

5 . Maybe in the near future, driverless cars may become common on the roads. Driverless cars have already been test-driven thousands of miles.     1     For instance, it helps reduce the number of accidents and traffic jams.

    2     That is because there are many issues that must be solved before the widespread use of them. One problem is that a driverless car cannot predict problems far down the road like a driver can. The driverless cars react to an emergency only when it actually occurs. For instance, a driver starts to slow down when he sees a child riding her skateboard directly into the road 0.2 km away.     3    

Driverless cars are not suitable for extreme weather conditions.     4     They don't predict or "feel" that the roads have become icy like an experienced driver would. For instance, when a road is icy, a human driver would step on the brakes more gently than when the roads are clean and dry.

Another issue is that driverless cars have maps programmed into their memory, but these maps aren't always updated and accurate. New roads are built, and old roads are closed down.     5     Perhaps one day, driverless cars will be everywhere, but we are not ready for that just yet.

A．The safety problems have almost been addressed.

B．However, they are not yet available for the public.

C．Many advantages can be associated to the driverless cars.

D．Driverless vehicles also have trouble adjusting to new roads.

E．They may become confused by fog, heavy rain, or heavy snow.

F．Due to this, a driverless car may get passenger to the wrong destination.

G．But the driverless car only takes action when the child is in its immediate path.

6 . Transport has a lot to answer for when it comes to harming the planet. While cars and trains are moving towards greener, electric power, emissions（排放）from air travel are expected to increase massively by 2050. If we want big green sky solutions, we need blue sky thinking. Fortunately, there's plenty of that happening right now, particularly the short - haul flights powered by batteries.

Harbour Air is the largest seaplane airline in North America, flying 30,000 commercial flights in 40 seaplanes each year. Significantly, all Harbour Air routes last less than 30 minutes, making it perfectly fit for electric engines. "As an airline, we're currently in the process of turning all our planes into electric airplanes. says CEO Greg McDougall. To make this happen, the airline has partnered up with MagniX to create the world's first commercial flight with an electric engine.

Making the skies electric isn't just good for the environment, it also makes sound financial sense： a small aircraft uses $ 400 on conventional fuel for a 100 - mile flight, while an electric one costs $ 8 12 for the same distance, and that's before you factor in the higher maintenance costs of a traditional engine. There's also the added bonus that electric planes are just much more pleasant to fly in. No loud engine noise, no smell of fuel, just environmentally friendly peace and quiet.

While there has been real progress in the e-plane industry, the technical challenges that remain are keeping everyone's feet firmly on the ground. A battery, even a lithium one, only provides 250 watt-hours per kilogram； compare this to liquid fuel, which has a specific energy of IL 890 watt-hours per kilogram. Carrying adequate batteries, however, would make the plane too heavy to get off the ground. In aircraft, where every bit of weight counts, this can't just be ignored.

The transition （过渡 ） from gas to electric in the automobile industry has been made easier by hybrids - vehicles powered by both fuel and electricity. Many believe the same pattern could be followed in the air. Fuel consumption could be reduced as the electric component is switched on at key parts of the journey, especially on take-off and landing.

It's certainly an exciting time for electric flying. With companies like Harbour Air taking the lead, battery-powered planes, especially on short-haul journeys, are set to become a reality in the next few years.

1. According to Para l, what is happening in air transport?

A．New explorations of the sky are being launched.

B．Pollution caused by batteries is being controlled.

C．Efforts are being made to make air travel greener.

D．Demand for short-haul flights is increasing massively.

2. Why is Harbour Air fit for electric flights?

A．It runs short routes.	B．It has a strong partner.
C．Its planes can land on the sea.	D．It has planes with powerful engines.

3. What might be the biggest challenge of electric flying?

A．To improve the ground service for e-planes.

B．To find qualified technicians for e-plane industry.

C．To calculate the energy needed to power e-planes.

D．To balance power and weight of batteries in e-planes.

4. What could be done during the transition from gas to electric in air flight?

A．To produce new electric components.	B．To increase battery consumption.
C．To use mixed - power technology.	D．To expand the landing field.

5. What is the author's attitude towards the prospect of electric flying?

A．Short-sighted

B．Wait-and-see

C．Optimistic

D．Skeptical

7 . London Underground

The world's first subway was built in London in 1863. At the time, the government was looking for a way to reduce traffic problems in the city of London. The poor areas of the city were so crowded with people that it was almost impossible for horse carriages to get through. The city officials were interested in trying to make it possible for workers to live outside of London and travel easily to work each day. If people had a cheap and convenient way that they could depend on to go to and from work, they would relocate their homes outside of the city. This would help ease（减轻）the pressure of too many people living in the poor parts of London. From these problems, the idea of the London Underground, the first subway system, was born.

The plans for building the Underground met with several problems and delays, but the fast track was finally opened in January 1863. A steam train pulled the cars along the fast underground track which was 6 kilometers（3.7 miles）long. About 30,000 people got on the subway the first day. Riders were treated to comfortable seats (standing up while the train was moving was not allowed), and pleasant decorations inside each of the cars. However, the smoke from the engine soon filled the air in the tunnels with ash and soot（煤灰）, as well as chemical gases. Fans had to be put in the tunnels later to keep the air clean enough for people to breathe. Even with its problems, riding in the Underground did catch on. It carried 9 million riders in its first year.

1. What led the British government to build the London Underground?

A．Traffic jams and pollution.	B．Population and pollution.
C．Overcrowding and traffic jams.	D．The poverty and subway problems.

2. How did the London Underground solve the smoke problem?

A．It made the tunnels larger.	B．It put fans in the tunnels.
C．It cleaned the chemical gases in the tunnels.	D．It reduced the number of passengers riding in the train.

3. Which of the following is TRUE?

A．To relocate the workers' homes outside London, the government built the subway.

B．There were so many problems and delays that in 18th century the first subway opened.

C．The subway greatly eased the pressure of traffic.

D．There were not enough seats for the passengers the first day the subway opened.

8 . A bicycle may be seen by most people as just another vehicle (交通工具), but for many Londoners, cycling is a way of life. According to an official UK government survey in 2017, about 570,000 bike journeys are made every day in London. In fact, almost half of the vehicles that pass over London Bridge each day are bikes.

London introduced a public bike-sharing system in 2010. “There can be no doubt that our trusty bicycles have changed the way people get around our great city,” Johnson told the Guardian in 2015.

In London, bikes are used for more than just taking short trips to and from the subway. No matter where you want to go in the city, taking a bike is usually the quickest and easiest choice.

And it’s not just shared bikes that the government is encouraging people to ride. In many companies across the UK, the UK government’s Cycle to Work scheme (骑行倡议) allows employees to buy a brand new bike without having to pay any tax (税). This means that it’s common to see many people cycling to and from work, and some employers even provide workplace showers and lockers (储物柜) for their workers. More importantly, a cycle-friendly boss may let you off for being late if you rode a bike to work. Not only is it great for the environment and our body, cycling is also good for the mind. According to National Geographic Magazine, “Bike riding can improve people’s happiness.”

1. How does the author show the popularity of cycling in London?

A．By making comparisons (做比较).	B．By using numbers.
C．By giving examples。	D．By using famous sayings.

2. What’s Johnson’s attitude toward the bike-sharing system in London?

A．Supportive.	B．Doubtful.
C．Disappointed.	D．Uninterested.

3. What can employees get from the government under the “Cycle to Work” scheme?

A．Free bike-sharing services.	B．A tax-free bike.
C．Shorter working hours.	D．Workplace showers and lockers.

4. What’s does the underlined phrase in the last paragraph mean?

A．不惩罚

B．解雇

C．请假

D．释放

9 . As the coronavirus (冠状病毒) outbreak continues, many Americans are fearful of using public transportation. They are also looking for ways to get exercise without going to a gym. So, it may not be surprising that the pandemic (疫情) has led to a major increase in bicycle sales.

In the US, bicycles at big stores have sold out. And small bicycle stores cannot keep up with demand for “family-style” bicycles: the low-cost, easy-to-ride models. “The bicycle industry is seeing its biggest sales increase since the oil crisis of the 1970s,” said Jay Townley, an industry expert. He compared the sale of bicycles to the rush to buy products like toilet paper at the start of the pandemic.

The rise in bicycle sales is not happening just in the US. Italy has created bicycle paths for the growing number of people who want to avoid public transportation. In London, city officials plan to ban cars from some central roads. Bike shop owners in Manila say demand is even stronger than what they see at Christmas time.

Of course, you can only buy a bicycle if you can find one. In the US, the shortages now mean it may take many months to get a bicycle. High demand is not the only reason for the shortage. Many bicycle factories were shut down to stop the spread of COVID-19. The increase in bicycle demand began in March as countries began to close down. In April, the sale of bicycles increased 200 percent in the US.

Joe Minutolo is the co-owner of Bar Harbor Bicycle Shop in Maine. He said he hoped the increased sales meant a change in the way people think about transportation. “People are having a chance to rethink things,” he said, “Maybe we’ll all learn something out of this, and something really good will happen.”

1. What causes the increase in bicycle sales?

A．Shortage of public transportation.

B．Outbreak of the coronavirus.

C．People’s desire to defeat disease.

D．People’s fear of natural disasters.

2. What change has the pandemic caused in Italy?

A．More bikes are sold than at Christmas time.

B．“Family-style” bicycles are in great need.

C．Cars are banned from some central roads.

D．New bicycle paths have been built.

3. What can we know from Paragraph 4?

A．It’s impossible to buy a bike.

B．Bike factories were closed in April.

C．High demand for bikes began in March.

D．It takes many months to produce a bike.

4. What is Joe Minutolo’s attitude towards the increased sales of bicycles?

A．Doubtful.

B．Positive.

C．Uncertain.

D．Critical.

10 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

New cars sold in Europe after May 2022 will be required to have     1     variety of new safety technologies. New safety rules from the European Union will require new cars to have ''intelligent speed assistance" systems as standard equipment. Besides, all cars will be fitted with breathalyzers （呼吸分析器）    2     won't allow driving if the driver has drunk too much alcohol.     3    （help） avoid accidents, cars must also have     4    （advance） systems to monitor the driver's attention levels.

Around 25,000 people     5    （kill） each year on Europe's roads, and most accidents are caused by human error. The European Commission has announced the new rules recently,     6    （say）intelligent speed limiters alone can     7    （effective） reduce road deaths.

There has been a mixed reaction to the new safety technologies. The European Union said the technologies would make driving much     8    （safe）. It said, “With the new technologies, we can have the same kind of impact （影响）as when safety belts were first introduced. "It added the new safety technologies could save up to 10,500 lives and avoid up to 60, 000 serious     9    （injury） by the year 2030. But many drivers are unhappy with the technologies. They thought     10     would be more dangerous to employ them, since driving requires human judgment.