1 . Since apps like Uber and Lyft came on the scene, ridesharing services have dramatically changed the way people get around. A new study out of Columbia University reveals a downside of these services. It turns out that ridesharing trips cause an increase in the number of accidents involving motorists and pedestrians at pick-up and drop-off locations.

Previous studies on the relationship between ridesharing services and vehicle crashes compare cities where ridesharing services are available with cities where they are not, and this makes results somewhat ambiguous. In this study researchers analyze individual trips to make the picture a little clearer.

Researchers analyzed data from 372 million ridesharing trips in New York City between 2017 and 2018. Whenever a crash occurred in the city, they calculated the number of ridesharing trips that began or ended in the area at the time of the accident. They compared this with the number of trips that took place in the same location one week before and one week after the crash. Researchers did the same calculations for regular taxi rides as part of their analyses. Also, separate analyses were performed based on the type of people injured in the crash: pedestrians, motorists or cyclists.

The results of the analyses show that the rise in ridesharing trips is associated with an increase in the number of accidents involving pedestrians and motorists, but not cyclists. Furthermore, they did not find this same association between taxi trips and accidents.

“Ridesharing is changing the way we move around cities.” says first author Christopher Morrison. “It is becoming clear that the technology reduces alcohol-related crashes, but these benefits do not seem to extend to the overall number of crashes. These findings help explain why that might be---- because the reductions in alcohol-related crashes are offset (抵消) by increases in other types of crashes.”

Researchers hope that cities and ridesharing services will use the results of this study to take measures that might reduce the number of crashes. “In crowded areas with large numbers of rideshare pick-ups and drop-offs, cities could consider building taxi-rank style infrastructure (基础设施) to protect pedestrians and prevent crashes, ”concludes Morrison.

1. What do we know about previous studies on ridesharing services?

A．Their analysis is hardly reliable.

B．Their findings are rather ridiculous.

C．Their research method is out-of-date.

D．Their research sample is not wide enough.

2. What does the survey tell us?

A．The increase in ridesharing trips can lead to an increase in accidents between cyclists and pedestrians.

B．When there is a high number of ridesharing trips, there is usually an increase in the number of accidents.

C．Ridesharing is changing the way we move around cities.

D．Cyclists are always safe.

3. What fact does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 5 refer to?

A．Ridesharing reduces alcohol-related crashes.

B．Ridesharing doesn’t increase accidents involving cyclists.

C．Various types of crashes increase with ridesharing services.

D．Overall crashes don’t decrease along with alcohol-related crashes.

4. What does Morrison suggest in the last paragraph?

A．Improving infrastructure to expand taxi services.

B．Banning ridesharing services in crowded places.

C．Constructing some stops for ridesharing vehicles.

D．Reducing the number of pick-ups and drop-offs.

2 . 阅读所学课文，在空白处填人1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Wang Kun and Wang Wei are brother and sister. They have dreamed of    1    (take) a great bike trip.     2    was Wang Wei who first had the idea to cycle along the Mekong River. They    3    (ride) bicycles to travel along the Mekong River,    4    source is in Qinghai Province. When it    5    (enter) Southeast Asia, it travels slowly through hills and low valleys and the plains where rice grows. Despite the    6    (difficult), Wang Kun and Wang We were    7    (determine) to begin their journey at an altitude of more than 5,000 meters in Qinghai Province. During    8    (they) journey, they enjoyed the    9    (continue) change of the weather. Finally, they reached Dali in Yunnan Province,    10    Dao We and Yu Hang joined them. The four of them went on with their great bike trip.

3 . Many British people like to travel to Spain, Italy and other warm countries for their holidays. They want to live in the sun for a few weeks and many of them like to take their cars on holiday with them. Then they can travel round the warm countries and see many places in a short time.

But there is a problem. It is only twenty-two miles from Dover in England to Calais in France, but between the two towns there is the English Channel. It is necessary to take the cars across the sea, and this is not easy.

Some passengers put their cars on a plane and fly across with them, but that is expensive. Others drive their cars onto large ferries(渡船). This is cheap, but the boats are slow and sometimes the sea is rough. There are days when more and more people choose to travel by hovercraft(气垫船).

1. Many British holiday-makers choose to travel_______.

A．by plane

B．by car

C．by ship

D．by ferry

2. They like to spend their holiday in _______.

A．the mountainous areas	B．Dover in England
C．the warm countries	D．Calais in France

3. Which is the disadvantage of going from Dover, England to Calais, France?

A．The comfort of travelling by air.

B．The disadvantage of travelling by ship.

C．The advantage of travelling across the English Channel.

D．The difficulty of taking cars across the English Channel.

4 . The United States has about 475,000 school buses ---all painted yellow. Each day they carry more than 25,000,000 children, half of all schoolchildren in the country. But these buses, on average, use four liters of diesel （柴油） fuel to travel less than sixteen kilometers. When the school year began last fall, diesel averaged 55 cents a liter nationally. The price nearly doubled, to a dollar and 8 cents, by the end of school in June.

Bob Riley speaks for the American School Bus Council. He says fuel prices for schools are not much lower than others have to pay. As a result, schools are looking for ways to reduce transportation costs. Bus routes are being redrawn or, in some cases, canceled. Some areas are buying buses that use natural gas or other alternative fuels. Other steps include fewer field trips and less travel by sports teams. And some school districts may end any bus service not required by law.

Studies show that school buses are the safest form of transportation to and from school. The American School Bus Council says cuts in bus service are bad for children and possibly the environment. It says removing buses from the road will mean an increase in other vehicles transporting students. Spokesman Bob Riley says another concern is that reducing bus services might reduce attendance.

But it could also get more children to walk or bicycle to school. And that would surely make people happy at the National Center for Safe Routes to School. More kids walking or biking safely to school is the aim of a three-year-old federal program, part of an international movement. The goal is to increase physical activity and reduce air pollution. The United States will celebrate Walk to School Day on October eighth this year. But for some students, high fuel prices could make every day a walk-to-school day.

1. What does this passage mainly tell us?

A．High fuel prices’ influences on school buses.

B．New measures to transport school students.

C．The safest form of student transportation.

D．The origin of Walk to School Day.

2. What can we learn from Paragraph 3?

A．Cuts in bus service will have negative results.

B．The US government is encouraging cuts in bus services.

C．The US schools are searching for the safest transportation means.

D．Reducing bus service will do a lot of good to the environment.

3. In order to cut down transportation cost, many schools take the following measures EXCEPT__.

A．changing some bus routes

B．stopping some bus routes

C．asking parents to drive children to and from school

D．using other types of fuels

4. The National Center for Safe Routes to School encourages more children to walk or bike to school in order to ____.

A．save more fuels and diesel for the country

B．keep the children safe on their way to school

C．make the children live a simple life

D．keep the children healthy and the environment clean

5 . 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1 个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

The Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge, the world’s           1    (long) cross-sea bridge, enters the history of human engineering and connection as a point of pride upon              2    (it) opening   to traffic at 9 am on Oct.24, 2018.

One day after the   opening was announced at a   ceremony       3    (hold) in   Zhuhai, the   bridge’s ports in three different administrative     4    (region) started serving travelers around-the-clock, opening 24 hours a day, seven days a week. To ensure faster boundary crossings for passengers, the Macao and Zhuhai ports     5    (joint) use a one-off immigration clearance model,     6    allows travelers to queue up only once to finish both exit and entry procedures of the two cities in about 30 seconds.

Apart     7    private cars, taxis and goods vehicles, two types of public transportation--shuttle bus (班车）and cross--boundary coach-can also run on the HZMB.

    8    frequency of shuttle buses is about 5-10 minutes during peak hours. Booking tickets     for the shuttle bus online in advance         9    (be) available since 9 am on Tuesday. With the     bridge now in service, the traveling time between Zhuhai and Hong Kong International Airport will       10    (shorten) from four hours to 45 minutes, and the time between Zhuhai and Hong   Kong’s Container Terminals will be cut from 3.5 hours to 75 minutes.

6 . Only a few people in Toronto have the luck to live within walking distance from their workplace.For the rest of us， commuting (乘车上下班) is a rather unpleasant daily necessity.

So how do you avoid a traffic jam in Toronto？ You can do it in the old way and listen to one of the radio stations that give regular updates about the traffic situation in Toronto’s streets.Seeing the big picture of Toronto’s traffic and knowing when and where heavy traffic occurs is a must.From my own experience， there are situations where a quick decision can help you make it in time for an event or a meeting.That’s why we prepared three short videos showing the overall traffic situation in Toronto from dawn to night.You can click them and watch.

With the help of “Google Maps”， where you can watch the live traffic density all over the world and average traffic data based on past conditions， we were able to provide you with traffic maps for a typical (平常的) Friday.

Friday traffic in Toronto is quite fast in the early morning，with only a few hot spots showing up at the major junctions (交叉点) at 7：00 am.The morning traffic jam starts light at 7：30 and the traffic gradually slows down to reach a breaking point at 8：30.The roads are quite free afterwards， only Allen Road is likely to be jammed around lunchtime from 11 ： 30 am to 12：00 noon.It comes as no surprise that Friday afternoon brings heavy traffic as early as 1：00 pm， mainly on the Don Valley Parkway.You won’t have a good time getting away from the city from 4：00 pm to 6：30 pm， as there is a good chance to get caught in a traffic jam.The traffic in Toronto is quite heavy on a Friday night.I hope you will have a nice Friday night in the city and a safe journey home this Friday！

1. By saying   “commuting is a rather unpleasant daily necessity”，the writer refers to the fact that   ________.

A．buses are usually very crowded

B．they are often stuck in traffic jams

C．they have to travel a long way to work

D．they usually cannot do anything on the way to work

2. What is the last paragraph mainly about？

A．What the traffic in Toronto is like for a typical Friday.

B．How to avoid heavy traffic on Fridays.

C．Why the traffic is terrible on Fridays.

D．What “Google Maps” can do for us.

3. In Toronto， on Fridays you are most likely to suffer heavy traffic ________.

A．from 6：30 am to 7：00 am

B．from 8：30 am to 9：30 am

C．from 10：30 am to 11：00 am

D．from 4：00 pm to 6：30 pm

4. Where is this passage taken from？

A．A TV program.	B．A radio program.
C．A website.	D．A travel booklet.

7 . 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Japan’s famously diligent workers spend more hours at the office than employees in almost any other country. Authorities have a message: Stay home.     1     . Hundreds of thousands of people are expected to attend Olympic and Paralympic events in Tokyo during the 2020 Games, putting additional pressure on the city’s already notoriously crowded commuter routes. Officials also hope that promoting working from home during the Games will encourage a more easy-going approach in a country known for its cases of karoshi, or death from overwork.

On July 22, one year before the Games, Tokyo rolled out a month-long “Telework Days” campaign, with government offices and private businesses committing to avoiding peak commuting hours.     2     . The government has been urging employers to be more flexible, hoping to help parents and others caring for elderly relatives to better balance their work and home responsibilities. Officials hope the campaign will show firms that employees can actually “work even more effectively” when they stay home.

    3     . Such as concerns over the security of sensitive information, the difficulty of controlling working conditions and the fact that corporate culture stresses the importance of face-to-face communication.

Experts and government officials hope that Olympic efforts to expand telework might serve as something of a legacy for the Games. “Tokyo 2020 is a chance to actively introduce telework, which can create a stress-free lifestyle,” said Azuma Taguchi, a professor of engineering at Chuo University.     4     . And he also urged to take serious measures to tackle Olympic traffic.

    5     . “This is a chance to make telework a legacy of the Games that will take root” in Japanese society, Industry Minister Hiroshige Seko said in a recent forum to promote flexible work. And some officials are hoping that a more open-minded approach to work could encourage people to take “workstations” — working remotely from far-flung locations with attractive leisure options.

A．Workstations have already appeared in Japan.

B．The concept isn’t completely unfamiliar in Japan.

C．The efforts have also run up against various barriers.

D．Tokyo tells workers to stay home to enjoy a new lifestyle.

E．The aim is to avoid traffic chaos during next year’s Olympics.

F．He warned of potentially “fatal traffic jam” if action is not taken.

G．Others also see the Games as a chance to break existing work habits.

8 . It is reported that a record-breaking high-speed rail will connect Inner Mongolia in the north to Hainan in the south. According to the Shaanxi Development and Reform Commission，the proposed line will operate at a speed of 350 kilometers per hour（217 mph）．

Beginning in Inner Mongolia's Baotou city and running through southern Shaanxi， Hubei， Hunan， Guangxi and Guangdong， its final stop would be in Haikou city on Hainan Island，China's southernmost province．

Though the exact length of the proposed route has not been released，it will likely become the world's longest high-speed rail line as the journey by road between Baotou and Haikou is approximately 3，000 kilometers（1，864 miles） long． Currently， the world's longest high-speed rail line is almost 2，300 kilometers long （1，429 miles）， running from Beijing to Guangzhou．

The proposed rail is part of China's aim to create another "Silk Road of the 21st Century" and improve the country's transportation network while driving land development and urbanization（城市化） in some provincial areas．

Many of the provinces through which the high-speed trains will travel are near major bodies of water，such as the Yellow River in Inner Mongolia and Shaanxi province，the Yangtzi River in Hubei and the South China Sea， where the line would end． It will also take passengers to popular tourist attractions including Zhangjiajie，Xi'an，Guilin and minority areas in western Hunan and Hubei．

"The country is now shifting its focus and investing in the western regions and economically underdeveloped areas，making up for China's long debt to these areas，" Tan yuzhi，professor of the School of Economics and Management at Hubei University for Nationalities， told local media． " The project will significantly narrow regional disparities（差异） and solve minority issues．"

However，Deng Hongbing，director of China University of Geosciences' Center for Regional Economic and Investment Center，said that if the north-to-south railway is to go ahead，there needs to be a sound ecological program in place to ensure the protection of these underdeveloped and ecologically sensitive areas．

1. What is the passage mainly talking about？ ______

A．China has decided to invest in the western areas．

B．Another high-speed train line is being planned．

C．The train will speed up to 350 kilometers per hour．

D．China has produced the best high-speed train line．

2. How many provinces will the proposed line cross？ ______.

A．9	B．8
C．7	D．6

3. Once the high-speed rain line is built，______ ．

A．It will be the most convenient high-speed rail line in China

B．It will benefit the underdeveloped areas a lot in the west

C．It will transport goods faster from north to south

D．It will do good to the environment alongside the line

4. What is Tan Yuzhi's attitude towards the proposed project？ ______.

A．Ironical	B．Doubtful
C．Puzzled	D．Supportive

9 . Passenger Information

Carry-on Bag Rules

When travelling on China Southern planes, we ask our customers to follow our simple bag rules.

—Each passenger is allowed to bring one bag onto the plane.

…Weight limit: Each carry-on bag may weigh upto 10 kilos.

—Size limit: Each carry-on bag can be up to 110cm long, 60cm high and 30cm wide.

—Additional bags and oversized/overweight bags may be allowed on the plane if there is enough room. There will be a fee for such bags （see the table below）. Please note that if your bag breaks more than one rule then you must pay a fee for each rule broken.

Safety Rules

For the safety of our passengers, the following items must not be taken onto the plane:

—Bottles containing gas （e.g. cigarette lighter）

一Bottles containing any cream, oil or other liquid that are over 100ml.

Note:

If you have any liquid medicines over 100ml that you must use during your flight, please contact our customer service manager on 34533566 to make arrangements at least 24 hours before your departure. You will need to have a doctor's letter explaining why you need the medicine.

Bag Fees

	Rule	Fee
Overweight*	Bags heavier than 10 kilos	¥100 per kilo over limit
Oversized**	Bags larger than 110cmX60cmX30cm	¥250 per bag
Extra bags		¥400 per extra bag

*No bag over 15 kilos will be allowed on the plane. **No bag over 150cm long or 80cm high may be taken on the plane. Passengers must put such bags in the plane's storage.

1. What is not allowed to be taken onto the plane by a passenger?

A．.A 100ml bottle of cream.	B．A gas bottle
C．A bag that is 120cm long.	D．Medical equipment

2. When must a passenger speak with the manager about taking over 100ml of liquid medicine onto their flight?

A．.After they get on the plane.	B．Six hours before their flight
C．.When they arrive at the airport.	D．At least one day before their flight

3. How much will a passenger pay for a carry-on bag that is 110cmX50cmX25cm in size and weighs 13 kilos?

A．¥300.	B．¥250.
C．¥550.	D．¥850

10 . How will the speakers go to Chengdu?

A．By train.

B．By car.

C．By airplane.