1 . With artificial intelligence (AI) seemingly working its way into every technology out there, one area where it’s considered particularly promising is in helping doctors. And already, AI is entering some doctors’ offices.
Dr. Michael Mansour of Massachusetts General Hospital is an early user who’s helped by a form of AI that could someday change the way doctors get information. When a patient comes in with unknown infection (感染), Mansour turns to a computer program called UpToDate. It’s a common tool, with more than 2 million users at 44,000 health care organizations in over 190 countries. Basically, it’s Google for doctors — searching a huge database (数据库) of articles written by experts in the field, who are all getting information from the latest research.
Wolters Kluwer Health, the company that makes UpToDate, is trying to incorporate (整合) AI so that doctors can have more of a conversation with the database.
Some doctors hope to use AI to comb through a patient’s medical history before an appointment (预约). In some cases, Dr. June-Ho Kim, who directs a program on primary care at Ariadne Labs, says AI technology may also help primary care doctors look after patients without the help of specialists. “It will free up specialists’ time to focus on more difficult cases that they need to really home in on, rather than the ones that could be answered through a few questions,” he says.
Dr. Marc Succi, who was a co-worker of Kim, says, “AI will finally prove to be a trusted medical tool. AI won’t replace doctors, but doctors who use AI will replace doctors who do not. It will become very common just like designing a PPT on a computer. It’s that level of leap.”
1. How does UpToDate help a doctor?| A．It looks after patients. | B．It does a temperature test. |
| C．It offers useful information. | D．It leads patients to doctors. |
| A．Concentrate on. | B．Adapt to. |
| C．Waste time on. | D．Have interest in. |
| A．The difficulty of writing. | B．The user-friendlines s of AI. |
| C．The importance of a doctor. | D．The advantages of office software. |
| A．AI in the Field of Medicine | B．The Challenges of AI |
| C．Changes That AI Has Brought | D．Doctors at Home or in the Office |
2 . The three astronauts of Shenzhou XIV mission, who played a key role in completing the Tiangong space station, shared their experiences and feelings with the public on Friday in the first news conference after their six-month orbital journey.
Speaking at the meeting with domestic reporters at the Astronaut Centre of China in Beijing, mission commander Senior Colonel Chen Dong said that every day during their mission was full of work. For example, they were tasked with preparing for and monitoring the arrival of the Wentian and Mengtian lab modules, and making three spacewalks.
Chen recalled the moment he and his teammates-Senior Colonel Liu Yang and Senior Colonel Cai Xuzhe-met their fellow astronauts in the Shenzhou XV flight inside the Tiangong station. “We had paid a lot of attention to news about the Shenzhou XV mission and the crew several days before they set out. When their spacecraft actually launched, we were watching the live broadcast and we were so happy that we kept clapping our hands for a long time. In the hours before their spacecraft arrived at the station, we were supposed to have a sleep but none of us really went to bed. The moment I was about to open the hatch after their spacecraft connected with the space station, I saw them through the window and I waved my hand to welcome them to our home, and theirs,” he said.
Liu Yang, the first Chinese woman in space, said the Shenzhou XIV was her second spaceflight and she made a paper “lucky star” each day in the mission. She said she often stared at China when the station flew over the country. “I know that there are numerous females in our nation working hard to pursue their dreams with courage and determination,” she said. “I wish that each of us could realize our aspirations (抱负).” Cai Xuzhe, who made his first spaceflight, recalled that eating the vegetables they grew in the space station brought a lot of happiness to the crew, though taking care of the plants was never easy.
1. What is the author’s purpose of giving examples in Paragraph 2?| A．To prove the mission is difficult. | B．To confirm the astronauts are busy. |
| C．To demonstrate the experience is unusual. | D．To show the crew are strong-willed. |
| A．Curious. | B．Nervous. | C．Tired. | D．Cheerful. |
| A．Door. | B．Window. | C．Arm. | D．Wing. |
| A．It makes her feel lucky each day. | B．It is the first space journey for Liu Yang. |
| C．It encourages women to realize their dreams. | D．It helps grow vegetables well in space. |
3 . The future of space exploration may depend on an art form from the past: origami (折纸艺术), the ancient art of paper folding.
Researchers from Washington State University (WSU), US have used origami to possibly solve the problem of storing and moving fuel to rocket engines, a key challenge in space travel, according to Newswise. They’ve developed a foldable plastic fuel “bladder (囊状物) “resistant to super cold temperatures, which could be used to store and pump fuel in spacecrafts of the future. Their findings have recently been published in the journal Cryogenics.
“Folks have been trying to make bags for rocket fuel for a long time,” said Jake Leachman, one of the lead researchers. “We currently don’t do large-scale and long-duration trips because we can’t store fuel long enough in space.”
Meanwhile, NASA is also looking to paper folding to help observe distant planets. The agency is currently developing Starshade, a foldable, sunflower-shaped piece of hardware that would help block starlight and enable telescopes to view distant objects more clearly in space.
“A huge part of my job is looking at something on paper and asking, ‘Can we fly this?’” Manan Arya, a technologist in California, said. “Once I realized this is how you fold spacecraft structures, I became interested in origami. I realized I was good at it and enjoyed it. Now, I fold constantly.”
Using origami for space purposes isn’t new, however. Solar arrays (太阳能阵列), experimental wings for space shuttle programs and an inflatable satellite were also inspired by origami in both past and present space projects.
“With most origami, the magic comes from the folding,” Robert Salazar, who helped design the Starshade and now works on the Transformers project, said in a statement. “There are so many patterns to still be explored.”
1. What is one of the features of the “bladder”?| A．It can help store solar energy. |
| B．It is made of a few kinds of metal. |
| C．It can resist extreme cold temperatures. |
| D．It can adjust temperatures in a spaceship. |
| A．On account of energy problems. |
| B．Owing to lack of oxygen in space. |
| C．Due to great changes of temperatures. |
| D．Because of the driving force of rockets. |
| A．They need to be improved. |
| B．Origami was the inspiration for them, too. |
| C．There is much more to be explored in space. |
| D．They belonged to quite advanced technology then. |
| A．Key challenge in space exploration |
| B．Past and present space projects |
| C．Folding for space exploration |
| D．Ancient art of paper folding |
4 . In January, 2021, the ice-making work on the ”Ice Ribbon“, a landmark venue for the Beijing Winter Olympics, was completed.
In the Winter Olympics, where races can be won or lost by a small time gap, tiny imperfections in the ice can make all the differences. ”It’s not just a hunk of ice like you’d normally think of, like ice cubes sitting in your freezer,“ told Kenneth Golden, a U. S. mathematician who studies the structures of ice. ”It’s a much more fascinating and complex substance than people would normally think.“
The first step for building any ice rink is to purify the water to remove dissolved solids like salts and minerals. Such impurities don’t fit in the regular hexagonal(六边形的)structure of ice that forms as water freezes. The purer the water, the more consistent the ice surface.
In addition to the need for excellence in the raw materials of ice-making, technology is also very important, As one of the most advanced technologies for winter sports venues, a carbon dioxide cooling technology has been applied on a large scale for the Beijing Winter Olympic Games. CO2 , is not new when it comes to ice-making. However, it has been gradually replaced by the man-made refrigerant, like Freon.
With increasing attention toward climate change, the old refrigerant has come into use again. As an element of the atmosphere, CO2, doesn’t damage the ozone layer. Although CO2 is a greenhouse gas, its greenhouse effect is much lower than that of other synthetic refrigerants. The Winter Olympics venues adopted CO2 instead of Freon as a refrigerant in ice-making, which will reduce carbon dioxide emissions greatly.
”We believe these technological innovations will bring Beijing 2022 to spectators all over the world in a more impressive way.“ told Gao Bo from the Media Operations Department of the Beijing Organizing Committee for the 2022 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games.
1. What is the result of impurities in water for ice-making?| A．The water isn’t able to freeze completely. |
| B．The quality of the ice will be affected. |
| C．The ice surface will be more consistent. |
| D．It’s likely for athletes to fall on the ice. |
| A．It’s the most advanced technology for ice-making. |
| B．CO2 is more efficient than other refrigerants. |
| C．CO2 is more environmentally friendly than Freon. |
| D．CO2 has already existed in the atmosphere. |
| A．Unclear. | B．Opposed. | C．Doubtful. | D．Favorable. |
| A．The Beijing Winter Olympic Games Are Coming |
| B．Beneath Olympic Ice |
| C．The Use of Refrigerants in Olympic Games |
| D．The Structure of Ice |
Have you ever heard of Li Ziqi? She is
Professor Li Jinzhao from Beijing Foreign Studies University spoke
Many people want to know
6 . Artificial intelligence (AI) could help stop one of the biggest dangers to the Great Barrier Reef, amazingly saving huge areas of coral from a harmful starfish. Google has teamed with scientists from the CSIRO to create AI software that could pick out the dangerous starfish, which is one of the natural wonder’s three biggest killers.
The new way, using footage from an underwater camera to recognize starfish outbreaks on the Queensland reef, takes the place of an old method and early results show as well as cutting down man’s work, the new software has the advantage of correctly picking out more of the dangerous life on coral, stopping damaging outbreaks before they occur.
Professor Russ Babcock, an expert with CSIRO, said Google’s AI technology, developed over 18 months, could be trained to find out starfish more easily than the old method developed in the 1970s. “We used to send out divers to count the starfish one by one. Now we just look at the images collected and the program can find 20 at a time,” he said.
Google CEO Sundar Pichai said he was excited about the company’s effort put into the reef project. “We have put a lot of effort into the engineering in Australia and we will continue to do more work around AI there,” he said. “There are other good ideas about the technology and you will see us build on it. Our goal with our AI research teams is to strike partnerships with other groups, like universities and governments, to give its full play.”
Professor Babcock said the AI software, which would be put into use on other reefs worldwide, was not the only solution to the starfish affecting the Great Barrier Reef, but one that could have an wide application.
1. What is the function of Google developing the AI software?| A．To pick out a kind of starfish. | B．To kill dangerous fishes. |
| C．To protect the environment. | D．To test a new camera. |
| A．It is less likely to break down. | B．It can be started more quickly. |
| C．It costs less for its development. | D．It can do the work more easily. |
| A．Doubtful. | B．Uncaring. |
| C．Supportive. | D．Disapproving. |
| A．The AI software is the best way to stop starfish outbreak. |
| B．The AI software can be applied widely. |
| C．The research teams won’t continue to do more work around the engineering in Australia. |
| D．The old method used to look at the images collected by an underground camera. |
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8 . ChatGPT, a new chatbot model developed by US-based AI research laboratory OpenAI, has quickly become a hit globally due to its advanced conversational capabilities,
It can write emails, computer codes, even academic papers and poems, and has passed a number of tests within seconds. Academicians worldwide are discussing whether AI should be used in education. Some universities have banned it. The New York City’s Department of Education, for example, banned the chatbot from its public school devices and networks, with some people warning that it could encourage more students to cheat, especially in exams.
Many more welcome this app, claiming that, like most technological advances and groundbreaking innovations in history, ChatGPT is a powerful tool for the development of higher education.
Embracing AI as early as possible is advisable. Higher education institutions should make preparations for including AI in their syllabus (教学大纲). They can start by offering related courses, because by understanding how it works, they can make better use of it. Besides, students with good knowledge of AI are more competitive when it comes to getting a good job, as an increasing number of jobs are being done by computer programmes-some in cooperation with humans, AI-powered education technologies can be adopted to make the learning experience more suitable for each student based on his or her strengths and weaknesses. As for professors, AI can free them from doing some dull tasks so they can concentrate on teaching and interacting with students.
Since we cannot avoid ChatGPT and other AI-powered applications from entering the field of higher education, we should make collective efforts to ensure they have a positive impact on society and the future of education Despite AI helping make learning much more interesting and enjoyable, humans need to work very hard to win the race with technology.
1. Why do some higher education institutions forbid ChatGPT?| A．ChatGPT can write emails and computer codes quickly. |
| B．Some professors might not perform their duties properly. |
| C．Students would have conversations with each other via it. |
| D．Students might seek help from it in completing the exams. |
| A．Fearful. | B．Disapproving. | C．Supportive. | D．Uncertain. |
| A．It offers students an increasing number of jobs. |
| B．It personalizes students’ learning experience. |
| C．It equips students with competitive skills to cooperate with humans. |
| D．It handles uninteresting tasks so students can better focus on learning. |
| A．We should guard against AI apps. |
| B．AI will be more widely used in education. |
| C．The future of education relies on AI apps. |
| D．Humans will be left behind by technology. |
9 . Have you ever wondered how astronauts clean their clothes in space? You may find the answer surprising—they do not.
They wear their clothes until they cannot take the dirt and smell anymore. Then, they throw them away.
NASA wants to change that—if not at the International Space Station (ISS), then the moon and Mars. This would mean the end to throwing away lots of dirty clothes every year. Up to now, they simply had to put them with other waste in old supply ships to burn up in the atmosphere. NASA is working with the U. S. company, Procter & Gamble (P&G), to learn how best to clean astronauts’ clothes in space. They could use the clothes for months or even years, just like on Earth.
NASA says rocket storage space is small and costly. So, why waste it on new clothes if they could keep their old clothes looking and smelling fresh? An astronaut needs 68 kilograms of clothes in space per year. The clothes would use a lot of storage space, especially on a three-year Mars mission.
There are also the problems of health and comfort.
Space station astronauts exercise two hours every day to fight the effects of weightlessness on their bodies. Leland Melvin, a former NASA astronaut, says their exercise clothing becomes so unpleasant that they use a new set every week, and that while NASA and the other space station partners have researched ways to lengthen wear time with special clothes, that is not a long-term solution.
In its first experiment, P&G will send up detergent(洗涤剂) made just for space in December. Scientists will then see how the compounds in the detergent react to six months of weightlessness. Next May, they will send stain-removal pens and cloths to the ISS for testing by astronauts. At the same time, P&G is developing a washer-dryer machine that could operate on the moon or even Mars. It would use small amounts of water and detergent. Such a machine could also be useful in dry places here on Earth.
1. What problem in space do NASA and P&G aim to solve?| A．Lack of detergents. | B．Lack of comforts. |
| C．Lack of space. | D．Lack of fund. |
| A．Exercise in space is physically demanding. |
| B．Lengthening wear time of clothes in space is practical. |
| C．The cooperation between NASA and P&G is workable. |
| D．New clothes are of benefit compared to used clothes. |
| A．Send detergent into space. |
| B．Send stain-removal pens and cloths into space. |
| C．Develop a washer-dryer machine using little water. |
| D．Operate a machine on the moon or even Mars. |
| A．Science. | B．Education. | C．Culture. | D．Politics. |
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