1. What is the woman doing?
| A．Asking for advice. | B．Chairing a meeting. | C．Hosting a program. |
| A．In 1070. | B．In the 1200s. | C．In the 1830s. |
| A．Read a fairy tale. | B．Walk around the city. | C．Buy a wooden house. |
| A．In 1806. | B．In 1896. | C．In 1869. |
3 . From the earliest times,man has been interested in art.People have often worked together to collect and save the world’s art treasures.
Fine art treasures from many countries are kept in an art museum called the Louvre(卢浮宫)in Paris,France.The works of art have been collected by the people of France over many centuries.It is the biggest art museum in the world.
The Louvre has not always been a museum.The first building was a fort (堡垒).In 1190,it was the king’s castle with high walls and a round tower.It had a moat(护城河) to keep out the enemies.
Over the years,the number of buildings around the castle grew.By 1350,the castle was no longer needed as a fort.The Louvre became a palace home for French kings and queens.
During times of peace,new treasures were brought in.During days of war,many treasures were stolen,and the buildings were damaged.
When Francis Ⅰ became king of France in 1515,he brought in many artists from other countries.One of the artists was Leonardo da Vinci from Italy.Da Vinci’s MonaLisa is the best known painting in the museum today.
In 1793,the Louvre became a public museum,just as it is now.It is a place where art treasures are kept for everyone to enjoy.Every year millions of people from all over the world come to the Louvre to see the masterpieces.
1. How long has the Louvre been a public museum?| A．For over 800 years. | B．Since 1350. |
| C．Since 1515. | D．For over 200 years. |
| A．the French people |
| B．Francis Ⅰ |
| C．Leonardo da Vinci |
| D．people of the world |
| A．the Louvre was once a church as well as a palace |
| B．MonaLisa is kept in Italy |
| C．Leonardo da Vinci once stayed in France |
| D．the Louvre is only a place of interest to the French people |
| A．In public museums works of art will not be stolen. |
| B．In public museums works of art will not be damaged. |
| C．In public museums artists can study the works of art. |
| D．In public museums everyone can enjoy the works of art. |
4 . The University of Sheffield
Back to its origin
The University of Sheffield is a research university in the city of Sheffield in South Yorkshire, England. It is one of the original “red brick” universities, which are a group of top and famous old universities. The University of Sheffield was originally formed by the combination of three colleges. The Sheffield School of Medicine was founded in 1828, followed in 1879 by the opening of Firth College by Mark Firth, a steel manufacturer (制造商), to teach arts and science subjects. Firth College then helped to provide money for the opening of the Sheffield Technical School in 1884 to teach applied science. In 1897 the three institutions were joined together to form the University College of Sheffield, which in turn became the University of Sheffield by Royal Charter (特许) in 1905. This university is famous for its good education and boasts a number of Nobel Prize winners among its former students.
More information
System: The University has five departments: Arts and Humanities; Engineering; Pure Science; Social Sciences; Medicine, Dentistry and Health. Sheffield also has many research programs in fields including aerospace, environmental science, psychology, and biology.
City show: Sheffield is a lively city in the north of England. Sheffield is known as the greenest city in Europe because of its 2 million trees. As a result, there are many parks and woods throughout the city and beyond. Sheffield is the greenest city in England with 150 woodlands and 50 public parks within the city. Once, in Sheffield, the folk hero—Robin Hood lived in Sherwood Forest with 150 of his loyal friends. And Charlotte Bronte, the English writer noted for her novel Jane Eyre was born in Sheffield.
1. Sheffield is in the of England.| A．east | B．west |
| C．south | D．north |
| A．It has a good fame for many great graduates. |
| B．It has a long history of more than 180 years. |
| C．It is one member of “red brick” universities. |
| D．It owns different departments and research programs. |
| A．Sheffield has very beautiful scenery. |
| B．Charlotte Bronte is an English writer. |
| C．Sheffield is the biggest city of England. |
| D．Robin Hood is a character in Jane Eyre. |
1. What is the speaker talking about?
| A．The history of paper. |
| B．The materials of paper. |
| C．The importance of paper. |
| A．By carving words on animal bones. |
| B．By carving words on metal pots. |
| C．By putting a number of stones together. |
| A．It was expensive. |
| B．It was heavy to carry. |
| C．It can’t be kept long. |
6 . In 1826, a Frenchman named Niepce needed pictures for his business .But he was not a good artist .So he invented a very simple camera (照相机).He put it in a window of his house and took a picture of his garden .That was the first photo.
The next important date in the history of photography (摄影术) was in 1837. That year, Daguere, another Frenchman ,took a picture of his reading room .He used a new kind of camera in a different way. In his picture you could see everything very clearly ,even the smallest thing. This kind of photo was called a Daguerreotype.
Soon, other people began to use Daguerre’s way. Travelers brought back wonderful photos from all around the world .people took picture of famous buildings, cities and mountains.
In about 1840, photography was developed .Then photographers could take picture of people and moving things .That was not simple .The photographers had to carry a lot of film and other machines. But this did not stop them ,for example, some in the United States worked so hard.
Mathew Brady was a famous American photographers. He took many picture of great people .The picture were unusual because they were very lifelike(栩栩如生的)
Photographers also became one kind of art by the end of the 19th century .Some photos were nor just copies of the real world .They showed feelings,like other kinds of art.
1. The Daguerreotype was____________.
| A．a Frenchman | B．a kind of picture |
| C．a kind of camera | D．a photographer |
| A．watch lots of films | B．buy an expensive camera |
| C．stop in most cities | D．take many films and something else with him. |
| A．was very lifelike | B．was famous for his unusual pictures |
| C．was quite strong | D．took many pictures of moving people |
| A．how photography was developed | B．how to show your ideas and feelings in pictures |
| C．how to take pictures in the world | D．how to use different cameras |
| A．his business | B．his house |
| C．his garden | D．his window |
7 . Today anyone will accept money in exchange for goods and services. People use money to buy food, furniture, books, bicycles and hundreds of other things we need or want. When they work, they usually get paid in money.
Lots of the money today is made of paper. But people used to use all kinds of things as money. One of the first kinds of money was shells. Shells were not the only things used as money.
In China, cloth and knives were used. In the Philippine Islands, rice was used as money for a long time. Some Africans once used elephant tusks, monkey tails, and salt as money.
The first metal coins were made in China. They were round and had a square hole in the center. Different countries have used different metals and designs for their money. Later, countries began to make coins of gold and silver.
But even gold and silver were inconvenient if you had to buy something expensive. Again the Chinese thought of a way to improve money. They began to use paper money. The first paper money looked more like a note from one person to another than the paper money used today.
Money has had an interesting history, form the days of shell money until today.
1. In the Philippine Islands was once used as money.| A．rice | B．knife |
| C．cloth | D．wheat |
| A．Elephants tusks. | B．Cloth. |
| C．Salt. | D．Sheik |
| A．wan passed from west Asia to China | B．looked like a note used today |
| C．was first used in Europe | D．looked like a piece of fur |
| A．paper money isn’t difficult to make |
| B．money must be suited to carry |
| C．people need money to exchange goods with each other |
| D．people prefer metal coins to paper notes |
8 . A newly discovered ancient Chinese map may prove that it was a Chinese navigator who first discovered America. He may have made the discovery seventy years before Columbus discovered the New World.
The map, which has gone on display in Beijing, is said to be a copy made in 1763 of a much older map dating back to 1418. It clearly describes Africa, Europe and the Americas. If it’s proven to be believable, the map would provide strong evidence to suggest that the famous Ming Dynasty sailor, Zheng He, beat Christopher Columbus, who arrived in America in 1492, to the discovery of the New World.
Liu Gang, a Chinese lawyer and map collector, bought the map in an antique store in Shanghai in 2001 for about 500 U.S. dollars. Liu Gang thinks the map supports the thesis of British author, Gavin Menzies, who in his 2003 book argued Zheng He was the first person to circumnavigate (环航) the globe and discover America sometime between 1421 and 1423. “In principle the British author Gavin is right. Before Columbus, Zheng He discovered America and the whole world. But in detail, not exactly... three years difference. I don’t think that’s a big deal.” Liu said.
Zheng He commanded a group of ships, which sailed between 1405 and 1433 at the order of the emperor during China’s Ming Dynasty. His aim was to spread the glory (光荣) of China to the world and establish trade.
1. We learn from Paragraph 1 that .| A．the writer was proud of an ancient map |
| B．both the Chinese navigator and Columbus were heroes |
| C．the ancient map made by a Chinese navigator was just found |
| D．the Chinese navigator may be the first man who discovered America |
| A．The ancient map on display in Beijing is said to be made in 1418. |
| B．The ancient map, which is said to be made in 1763, has been on display in Beijing. |
| C．The ancient map was bought by Liu Gang, a Chinese navigator in 2001. |
| D．The ancient map was introduced to be listed in Gavin’ book by Liu Gang to support his idea. |
| A．The first person who discovered America may be Zheng He. |
| B．The first person to circumnavigate the globe is not worth discussing. |
| C．The year when Zheng He discovered America may be between 1421 and 1423. |
| D．The year when Christopher Columbus discovered America was ahead of 1423. |
| A．Ancient Map and Mu Clang. |
| B．Zheng He, Liu Gang and British Author. |
| C．Zheng He Spreads the Glory of China to the World. |
| D．Ancient Map Suggests Chinese Discovered America |
9 . Today there are policemen everywhere, but in 1700, London had no policemen at all. A few old men used to protect the city streets at night and they were not paid.
About 300 years ago, London was starting to get bigger and more and more people began to live there. The city was very dirty and many people were poor. There were so many thieves who stole money in the streets that people stayed in their homes as much as possible.
In 1750,Henry Fielding started to pay a group of people to stop thieves. They were like policemen and were called “Bow Street Runners” because they worked near Bow Street.
Fifty years later, there were 120 “Bow Street Runners”, but London had become very big and needed more policemen. So in 1829 , the first Metropolitan(or London)Police Force was started with 3,000 officers. Most of the men worked on foot, but a few rode horses. Until 1920 all the police in London were men.
Today, London police are quite well paid and for the few police officers who still ride horses, the pay is even better than for the others.
1. In 1700, the men who protected the streets were paid __________ .| A．a few | B．nothing |
| C．a little | D．a lot |
| A．wanted to leave London | B．had big houses in London |
| C．became policemen | D．came to live in London |
| A．they had no money | B．they were afraid of losing money |
| C．the city was not clean | D．they liked homes |
Napoleon, as a character in Tolstoy’sWar and Peace, is more than once described as having “fat little hands.’’ Nor does he “sit well or firmly on the horse.’’ He is said to be “undersized.’’ with“short legs’’ and a “round stomach”. The issue here is not the accuracy of Tolstoy’s description--it seems not that far off from historical accounts but his choice of facts：other things that could be said of the man are not said. We are meant to understand the difference of a warring commander in the body of a fat little Frenchman. Tolstoy’s Napoleon could be any man wandering in the streets and putting a little of powdered tobacco up his nose—and that is the point.
It is a way the novelist uses to show the moral nature of a character. And it turns out that, as Tolstoy has it, Napoleon is a crazy man. In a scene in Book Three ofWar and Peace, the wars having reached the critical year of 1812,Napoleon receives a representative from the Tsar(沙皇), who has come with peace terms. Napoleon is very angry：doesn’t he have more army? He, not the Tsar, is the one to make the terms. He will destroy all of Europe if his army is stopped. “That is what you will have gained by engaging me in the war!” he shouts. And then, Tolstoy writes, Napoleon “walked silently several times up and down the room, his fat shoulders moving quickly.’’
Still later, after reviewing his army amid cheering crowds, Napoleon invites the shaken Russian to dinner. “He raised his hand to the Russian’s…face,” Tolstoy writes, and “taking him by the ear pulled it gently….” To have one’s ear pulled by the Emperor was considered the greatest honor and mark of favor at the French court. “Well, well, why don’t you say anything?’’ said he, as if it was ridiculous in his presence to respect any one but himself, Napoleon.
Tolstoy did his research, but the composition is his own.
1. Tolstoy’s description of Napoleon in War and Peaceis _________.
| A．far from the historical facts | B．based on the Russian history |
| C．based on his selection of facts | D．not related to historical details |
| A．he thought he should be the one to make the peace terms |
| B．the Tsar's peace terms were hard to accept |
| C．the Russians stopped his military movement |
| D．he didn’t have any more army to fight with |
| A．To walk out of the room in anger. | B．To show agreement with him. |
| C．To say something about the Tsar. | D．To express his admiration. |
| A．ill-mannered in dealing with foreign guests | B．fond of showing off his iron will |
| C．determined in destroying all of Europe | D．crazy for power and respect |
| A．A writer doesn’t have to be faithful to his findings. |
| B．A writer may write about a hero in his own way. |
| C．A writer may not be responsible for what he writes. |
| D．A writer has hardly any freedom to show his feelings. |
