1 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

If history doesn’t quite repeat     1     (it), it certainly rhymes. With demand for bicycles rapidly    2     (rise), and nations preparing to spend billions to redesign their cities with a new focus on cycling and walking, it’s worth remembering     3     the invention of the bicycle in the late 19th century transformed the world over.

For a few heady years in the 1890s, the bicycle was the must-have — swift, affordable, stylish transportation that could take you anywhere you cared to go, anytime you     4     (like), for free.

Society     5     (transform). Women were especially enthusiastic, deserting their burdensome Victorian skirts, adopting bloomers (灯笼裤),     6     walking on the road in groups. “I think bicycling has done more     7     (free) women than anything else in the world,” Susan B. Anthony said in an interview with the New York Sunday World in 1896. “I feel pleased every time I see a woman ride by on a wheel...the picture of unrestricted womanhood.”

By 1898 cycling had become     8     a popular activity in the United States that the New York Journal of Commerce claimed it was costing restaurants and theaters more than $100 million a year in lost business. Bicycle manufacturing became one of America’s     9     (big) and most advanced industries. A third of all patent     10     (apply) were bicycle related—so many that the U.S. patent office had to build a separate building to deal with them all.

2 . It is most likely that you have seen a train, it may have been passing through your town, or you might have even been     1     (luck) enough to ride on one. Trains are a cool way to travel.     2     (actual), the earliest trains were just a series of carts (老式马车) joined together,     3     ran along wooden tracks and were usually pulled by horses and even people.

Around 1775, steam was being experimented with as    4     source of power. And in the early 1800s, the steam engine was invented and used into the train. This made    5     (pull) goods easier and a lot faster. Thanks to the trains, people and products could    6     (carry) off to other locations. By around the 1860s, the idea of the train had spread to the United States. Here trains were being used to pull grain (粮食)    7     farms to factories. And soon wealthy people wanted to take the train all the way to the Pacific coast. Then two    8     (company), Union Pacific and Central Pacific Railroads,     9     (get) the right to take on this great task of laying the track. And it took over six years and many lives    10     (complete) the first transcontinental (横贯大陆的) railroad.

3 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Hanami, which means “flower viewing” in Japanese, is    1     country’s tradition of enjoying the beauty of cherry blossom. Every year, from the end of March to the start of May, families and friends gather     2     (see) cherry blossom (called sakura) bloom all over Japan.

The history of Hanami dates back to around AD 710. Back then, it was plum blossom that people admired rather than cherry blossom. Emperor Saga, who     3     (rule) from 809 to 823, was the first to hold a viewing party for cherry blossom after he saw a tree he liked in Kyoto. In the 16th century, a leader called Hideyoshi Toyotomi brought Hanami to the     4     (mass) by planting hundreds of cherry trees across the country. Once the cherry trees are in bloom it’s a race     5     time to see them because the blossom is soon carried away by the wind. The short life span of the flowers is     6     (center) to Hanami and the Japanese concept of wabi-sabi, which is a     7     (celebrate) of nature and its imperfections.

Today, Hanami involves     8     (gather) underneath trees for picnics and parties. Companies often send out junior members of staff to save a good spot for others. People     9     (advise) not to sit near a pavement because of the large crowds that gather throughout the day. Some people bring heat packs to keep themselves warm. Parks have strict rules about     10     people can sit and when, and everyone is expected to clean up after themselves.