1 . There are many types of tombs in Egypt. However, throughout Egypt’s past, the tombs of kings and high officials, upper class artists and craftsmen, and poor people were very different. For poor people, the types of tombs they used stayed about the same, but the tombs of kings and high officials changed a lot over time.
At first, the kings of Egypt were buried in what are known as mastabas in southern Egypt, mainly at a place called Abydos. They had a pit where the dead were buried in the ground covered by stones above ground. Later mastabas sometimes had many rooms below and above ground to store the items that the dead person wished to take with him or her into the afterlife.
Later, during a period known as the Old Kingdom, the kings decided to be buried in a more northern location around the capital of Egypt. It was a city called the White Walls, but the Greeks called it Memphis. There were several cemeteries around Memphis. The first was a place called Saqqara, where the earliest pyramids were located. These were not true pyramids, as they had stepped sides rather than being smooth. Later kings experimented with true pyramids at a place called Dashure, where they finally built the first true pyramid tomb. However, the largest and grandest pyramids were later built at a place called the Giza Plateau, which is now just outside of the modern city of Cairo, Egypt. However, there were a number of other locations where the kings of Egypt built pyramids, but almost all of them were built near Memphis in the north or only as far south as a place called the Fayoum.
1. With time passing by, the tombs of poor people in Egypt________.| A．became deeper and deeper | B．changed a lot in shape |
| C．moved from place to place | D．didn’t change much |
| A．To keep stones in them. | B．To make the tomb look bigger. |
| C．To bury the dead people’s families. | D．To store things for the dead people. |
| A．At Abydos. | B．At the Giza Plateau. | C．Near Memphis. | D．At the Fayoum. |
2 . Architectural history can take you through the evolution of those structures that served as a mark to remote civilizations, like the Egyptians and their architecture, reflected in pyramids, tombs, and many other ancient buildings along the Nile River．
In fact, the first big architectural design recorded in history was the work of Imhotep, Egyptian high priest（主教）, who designed and built the complex（综合建筑群） that took the name of his king, between the years 2630 to 2611 BC．
Ruins of the most varied architecture speak for themselves about the most varied civilizations, traditions, and beliefs around the world．Without architecture, the history of mankind would be incomplete．
Many surviving buildings of the ancient world are examples of the great things that architecture can do for the world．Among them, we can name the Great Pyramid, listed as one of the seven wonders of the ancient world, and the great Wall of China, built between the years 221 to 206 BC．
As time passed, all buildings and designs began to take special characteristics, becoming symbols of different eras identified as architectural styles．In ancient Greece, where buildings seemed to always be the same, there were three types of columns to identify each period of time．
The Romans inherited from the Greeks most of their traditions, beliefs, and customs, including architecture, but they also developed their own．
Architectural history was influenced by artistic, economic, politic, and socio-cultural events throughout the centuries, and Europe became the cradle（摇篮） of many well-known architects in the years following the fall of the Roman Empire．
As time passes, the actual architecture differs in shape, materials, construction methods, and designing goals, but the work of the architects will continue for generations to come．
1. Who made the first big architectural design recorded in history?| A．Chinese | B．Indians | C．Egyptians | D．British |
| A．They give tourists chances to visit them． |
| B．They help to satisfy the needs of houses． |
| C．They can bring in a great deal of money for the local people． |
| D．They represent different cultivations, traditions, and beliefs there and then． |
| A．To show its strength | B．To tell us its importance |
| C．To show its special style | D．To prove the function of architecture |
| A．Architectural history was only influenced by economic and politic events． |
| B．The Roman Empire was the cradle of famous architects earlier than Europe． |
| C．The actual architecture remains the same in shape, material and designing goals． |
| D．Europe was the cradle of famous architects earlier than the Roman Empire． |
3 . From the earliest times,man has been interested in art.People have often worked together to collect and save the world’s art treasures.
Fine art treasures from many countries are kept in an art museum called the Louvre(卢浮宫)in Paris,France.The works of art have been collected by the people of France over many centuries.It is the biggest art museum in the world.
The Louvre has not always been a museum.The first building was a fort (堡垒).In 1190,it was the king’s castle with high walls and a round tower.It had a moat(护城河) to keep out the enemies.
Over the years,the number of buildings around the castle grew.By 1350,the castle was no longer needed as a fort.The Louvre became a palace home for French kings and queens.
During times of peace,new treasures were brought in.During days of war,many treasures were stolen,and the buildings were damaged.
When Francis Ⅰ became king of France in 1515,he brought in many artists from other countries.One of the artists was Leonardo da Vinci from Italy.Da Vinci’s MonaLisa is the best known painting in the museum today.
In 1793,the Louvre became a public museum,just as it is now.It is a place where art treasures are kept for everyone to enjoy.Every year millions of people from all over the world come to the Louvre to see the masterpieces.
1. How long has the Louvre been a public museum?| A．For over 800 years. | B．Since 1350. |
| C．Since 1515. | D．For over 200 years. |
| A．the French people |
| B．Francis Ⅰ |
| C．Leonardo da Vinci |
| D．people of the world |
| A．the Louvre was once a church as well as a palace |
| B．MonaLisa is kept in Italy |
| C．Leonardo da Vinci once stayed in France |
| D．the Louvre is only a place of interest to the French people |
| A．In public museums works of art will not be stolen. |
| B．In public museums works of art will not be damaged. |
| C．In public museums artists can study the works of art. |
| D．In public museums everyone can enjoy the works of art. |
