1. How did the servants deal with their earnings in Victorian times?
| A．They paid for the housing. |
| B．They bought food and clothes. |
| C．They sent them to their families. |
| A．Cooking meals. | B．Looking after children. | C．Educating children. |
| A．Cruelly. | B．Kindly. | C．Strictly. |
| A．Lower class families. |
| B．Upper class children’s situation. |
| C．Comparisons between upper and lower classes. |
Frederick William Ⅰ，the King of Prussia, could never have imagined that his
3 . On Sunday, November 3, 2019, most North Americans will mark the end of Daylight Saving Time (DST) by moving their clocks back an hour. This simple action will not only add an extra 60 minutes to their weekend, but also shift (变换，变动) daylight back into the morning hours, making it a little less painful to wake up for school and work during the shorter winter days.
Operating the clocks was first suggested by Benjamin Franklin in 1784. He mentioned the idea in a letter to the editor of the Journal of Paris and advised it should be a way to save candles, but it was not taken seriously. George Hudson from New Zealand also recommended moving the clocks back two hours in 1895 to get extra daylight time to study insects. Unfortunately, neither he nor British people William Willett, who suggested it in 1907 as a way to save electricity costs, got their wish.
It was the German Empire that began the clock shifting tradition on April 30, 1916, to save fuel needed to produce weapons and bombs for World War I. Though a few others, including the US and Britain, adopted the tradition shortly after, all the countries returned to Standard Time once the war ended, only to start DST again during World War II. Once the battle ended in 1945, the US government ended DST nationally but allowed states and districts to continue the tradition and even allowed them to establish their own start and stop dates.
However, though there have been many attempts to persuade lawmakers to end DST, both in the US and Europe, they have not been successful. Therefore, unless you live in places like Hawaii and Arizona, you have little choice but to “Fall Back” and enjoy the extra hour this weekend! Health experts suggest the best way to adjust is going to bed at your regular time, even if the day is an hour longer.
1. Who first suggested operating the clocks?| A．William Willett in 1907. | B．Benjamin Franklin in 1784. |
| C．George Hudson in 1895. | D．The German Empire in 1916. |
| A．To end the World War II earlier. |
| B．To give the states and districts freedom. |
| C．To meet the needs of the US and British people. |
| D．To save fuel needed to produce weapons and bombs. |
| A．10:30 p.m. | B．11:30 p.m. |
| C．12:30 p.m. | D．9:30 p.m. |
| A．Attempts to end DST | B．The Shorter Winter Days |
| C．End of DST this year | D．Sunday’s Extra Time |
The price of a piece of history
A fresh lemon can be purchased for less than $1. But in 2008, Cowan's Auctions in Cincinnati sold a lemon blackened with age for $2,350.
What was so special about this lemon?
Two thousand dollars is a lot to pay for produce, even from the estate of a founding father. This sale, however, just might be considered a bargain compared with prices paid for other historical collectibles in recent years.
Collecting a piece of history, or an object associated with a famous person, is not brand new. Ordinary objects with extraordinary stories have increasingly been coming to auction and achieving high prices, says Thomas Venning, director of Christie's department of books and manuscripts in London. Prices are being driven up, he says, by collectors in the U.S. and, increasingly, in Asia. The Hawking wheelchair, for example, was purchased by a private museum in China.
Katie Horstman, head of Cowan's American History department, says she could find no comparable items for the lemon as she prepared the piece for its auction. Ms. Horstman nevertheless eventually arrived at the estimated value at $3,000 to $4,000, she says, by researching auction records for objects somehow associated with Washington that had appeared on the market.
Cowans ended up estimating the value of the lemon at $3,000 to $4,000, according to description on its website. Objects associated with Washington these days, Ms. Horstman says, can sell for anywhere from 1,000 up to tens of thousands of dollars.
| A．Stephen Hawking’s wheelchair fetched 296, 750 at a sale at Christie's in London last November. |
| B．Yet determining potential values of such objects isn't easy. |
| C．It was said to be from a tree planted by George Washington at Mount Vernon. |
| D．The auction result surely drew the attention from both the business and economics worlds. |
| E．The uniqueness of many of these objects further complicates efforts to put a value on them. |
| F．Therefore the unique value of many objects proved the worth of collection. |
Vast deserts, magic carpets, and the legend of Aladdin's lamp. For most Chinese people, Saudi Arabia is a faraway land
However, connections between the two countries
These exchanges,
Fast forward a millennium, the relationship between a modern Saudi Arabia and a progressive China
In fact,
6 . Below are the four most famous bridges in the world.
Ponte Vecchio Bridge
The Ponte Vecchio (literally “old bridge”) is a bridge built in the Middle Ages over the Arno River in Florence, Italy, the only Florentine bridge to survive World War Ⅱ. The bridge is unique for still having shops built along it, as was common in the days of the Medici. Butchers originally occupied souvenir sellers. It is said that the economic concept of bankruptcy originated here: when a merchant could not pay his debts, the table on which he sold his goods was physically broken by soldiers, and this practice was called “bancorotto (broken table)”．
Golden Gate Bridge
The Golden Gate Bridge is a suspension bridge spanning the Golden Gate, the strait between San Francisco and Marin County to the north. It is the masterwork of architect Joseph B. Strauss, whose statue graces the southern observation deck. The bridge took seven years to build, and was completed in 1937. The Golden Gate Bridge used to be the longest suspension bridge span in the world. And today it has become one of the most popular tourist attractions in San Francisco and California. Since its completion, the span length has been surpassed by eight other bridges. The famous red-orange color of the bridge was specifically chosen to make the bridge more easily visible through the thick fog that frequently covers the bridge.
Millau Bridge
Started in 1998 and opened to traffic in 2005, the Millau Viaduct is a huge cable-stayed road-bridge that spans the valley of the river Tarn near Millau in southern France. It is the tallest highway bridge in the world, with the highest pylon’s summit at 343 meters—slightly taller than the Eiffel Tower. The speed limit on the bridge was reduced from 130 km/h to 110 km/h because of traffic slowing down, due to tourists taking pictures of the bridge from the vehicles. Shortly after the bridge opened to traffic, passengers were stopping to admire the landscape and the bridge itself.
Charles Bridge
The Charles Bridge is a famous stone Gothic bridge that crosses the Vltava River in Prague, Czech Republic. Its construction started in 1357 under the support of King Charles IV, and finished in the beginning of the 15th century. As the only means of crossing the river Vltava, the Charles Bridge was the most important connection between the Old Town and the area around Prague Castle. Connection made Prague important as a trade route between Eastern and Western Europe. Today it is one of the most visited sights in Prague with painters, owners of kiosks and other traders alongside numerous tourists crossing the bridge.
1. Of the four bridges, which one has the shortest history?| A．Ponte Vecchio. | B．Golden Gate Bridge. |
| C．Millau Bridge. | D．Charles Bridge. |
| A．The span length ranks the 8th in the world. |
| B．Its color enables travelers to see it easily on foggy days. |
| C．It is the most popular tourist attraction in America. |
| D．It took Joseph B. Strauss 7 years to design the bridge. |
| A．it attracted many famous painters there |
| B．it was supported by King Charles IV |
| C．it was the only stone Gothic bridge crossing the Vltava River |
| D．it promoted the trade between Eastern and Western Europe |
7 . A famous Anglican Church stands in a quiet corner of Dunedin in New Zealand's South Island. Built in 1865,it is the city's oldest church still in use.Countless couples have gathered here to marry.It's where morning tears are shared,friendships formed and comfort given during times of loss.
As with many churches,its walls are graced with a collection of beautiful stained-glass windows. Known as the“John Allen window”, one window portrays the short life of a local man,John Allen,who died in 1915 in the Gallipoli campaign in Turkey.
John was the son of Sir James Allen,who as Minister of Defense,helped plan and administer New Zealand's World War I strategy,which saw 100,000 troops sent to fight. With the war over and his son dead, Sir James chose to install a window in the church, with which the Allen family had strong ties.
Divided into two parts，one depicts (描绘) St.George，the patron saint (守护神) of soldiers，while the other has an angel of peace, along with the words at the bottom,“John Hugh All Gallipoli,6th June,1915”. Two trees with local birds on the branches can be seen and a kiwi walks at the bottom- reminders that John was a lover of birds.
“There are many war memorials in the church," says the church. “However the ‘John Allen window' stands out; it touches people because of the beautiful design, the New Zealand birds and because John's story, of a life so full of promise ending tragically in the war,reflects the lives and stories of so many others involved in World War I.”
1. What does the word“portrays”in paragraph 2 most probably mean?| A．Starts. | B．Changes. |
| C．Treasures. | D．Represents. |
| A．celebrate the end of World War I |
| B．honor the troops in the Gallipoli campaign |
| C．remember his son's sacrifice to the country |
| D．show the family's close ties with the church |
| A．Freedom and equality. |
| B．Peace and war. |
| C．Human and nature. |
| D．Marriage and family. |
| A．A Brave Soldier |
| B．Window on a Life |
| C．Cruelty of the War |
| D．A Grand Church |
8 . The battle for women’s right to vote
One hundred years ago, British women were given the vote for the first time. How did it come about?
The first appeals for women’s right to vote in Britain date from the early 19th century. In 1818, in his Plan of Parliamentary Reform, Jeremy Bentham insisted that women should be given the vote. Women at the time had no political rights at all– they were deemed to be represented by their husbands or fathers. The old arguments prevailed. Women, it was said, were mentally less able than men; their “natural sphere” was in the home; they were unable to fight for their country, and thus undeserving of full rights; moreover, they simply didn’t want the vote. This was at least partly true. “I have never felt the want of a vote,” declared Florence Nightingale in 1867, while Queen Victoria condemned the “mad, wicked folly of women’s rights”. Even George Eliot was reluctant to back the cause.
It wasn’t until the second half of the 19th century that the first campaigning women’s groups were formed. Initially they focused on the lack of education, employment opportunities and legal rights for women (married women, at the time, had no independent legal standing); but the question of the vote gradually became central to their demands – both symbolically, as a recognition of women’s rights, and practically, as a means of improving women’s lives.
However, the women’s campaigning was still a subject of debate. While most historians agree that the campaigns were initially very effective in mobilizing women and highlighting injustices, a series of mass processions followed; more than 250,000 women protested in Hyde Park in 1908. Many were arrested and ill-treated; prisoners who went on hunger strike were brutally force-fed. Over time they became steadily more militant – smashing shop windows, setting fire to letter boxes, libraries and even homes. The PM, Herbert Asquith, an opponent of women’s votes, was attacked with a dog whip. Such use of violence was thought, certainly at the time, to have been unfavorable.
With the sacrifices of the First World War strengthening support for widening the right to vote generally, women suspended campaigning. More than a million women were newly employed outside the home --in munitions (军需品) factories, engineering works. Crucially, Asquith was replaced as PM by David Lloyd George, a supporter of votes for women. The Representation of the People Act 1918 was introduced by the coalition government and passed by a majority of 385 to 55, gaining the Royal Assent on 6 February 1918. Women over 30, who were householders or married to one, or university graduates, were given the vote.
1. Which of the following is NOT the reason why women were not qualified to vote?| A．Women were supposed to do housework and serve their husbands. |
| B．Women were too weak to fight against enemies. |
| C．Women had already enjoyed many political rights. |
| D．Women were not as intelligent as men. |
| A．Because it failed to mobilize women and emphasize injustices. |
| B．Because women were put in prison and abused during the protest. |
| C．Because most women didn’t want the vote. |
| D．Because all the emotional behaviors were regarded as improper. |
| A．imposing. | B．extreme. | C．negative. | D．obedient. |
| A．Women stopped protesting for their vote because they were offered more job opportunities. |
| B．The PM, Herbert Asquith, an opponent of women’s votes, committed suicide. |
| C．The first campaigning women groups were formed originally for the sake of legal rights. |
| D．All women can enjoy their right to vote since the introduction of People Act. |
The Greek myths are almost a myth themselves.
The great dramatists Sophocles, Aeschylus and Euripides drew on the myths, 
and even comic strip authors —
Greek myths came from oral stories. In the beginning, people told these tales to
The names and the stories
We feel pain in our hearts
The everyday life of western culture
In English, we say someone who makes money easily has “the Midas touch”. But often, character from Greek mythology, who turns
10 . Ireland has had a very difficult history. The problems started in the 16th century when English rulers tried to conquer(征服) Ireland. For hundreds of years, the Irish people fought against the English. Finally, in 1921, the British government was forced to give independence to the south of Ireland. The result is that today there are two “Irelands”. Northern Ireland, in the north, is part of the United Kingdom. The Republic of Ireland, in the south, is an independent country.
In the 1840s the main crop, potatoes, was affected by disease and about 750，000 people died of hunger. This, and a shortage(短缺) of work, forced many people to leave Ireland and live in the USA, the UK, Australia and Canada. As a result of these problems, the population fell from 8.2 million in 1841 to 6.6 million in 1851.
For many years, the majority of Irish people earned their living as farmers. Today, many people still work on the land but more and more people are moving to the cities to work in factories and offices. Life in the cities is very different from life in the countryside, where things move at a quieter and slower pace.
The Irish are famous for being warm-hearted and friendly. Oscar Wilde, a famous Irish writer, once said that the Irish were “the greatest talkers since the Greeks”. Since independence, Ireland has revived(复兴) its own culture of music, language, literature and singing. Different areas have different styles of old Irish songs which are sung without instruments. Other kinds of Irish music use many different instruments such as the violin, whistles, etc.
1. What does the author tell us in Paragraph 1?| A．How the Irish fought against the English. |
| B．How Ireland gained independence. |
| C．How English rulers tried to conquer Ireland. |
| D．How two “Irelands” came into being. |
| A．food shortages and a lack of work in the 1840s led to a decline in population |
| B．people are moving to the cities for lack of work in the countryside |
| C．it is harder to make a living as a farmer than as a factory worker |
| D．different kinds of old Irish songs are all sung with instruments |
| A．the Irish culture | B．the Irish character |
| C．Irish musical instruments | D．a famous Irish writer |
