1 . Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.

Getting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most people, is a good thing. However, the attitudes to dirt are always changing.

In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, and washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. The king of England did something similar in 1546. Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way. France’s Henry IV was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman should not go out.

Though the belief above was long-lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbour ever since the 18th century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. Yet, it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War II. Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea; clothes need to be whiter than white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt, however, gone too far?

Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread of disease. On the contrary, Mary Ruebush, an American immunologist(免疫学家) , encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system. And the latter position is gaining some ground.

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2 . 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
1. From whom did the speaker learn about Stonehenge?

A．His teacher.

B．His uncle.

C．His dad.

2. How long did it take to build Stonehenge?

A．3 million hours.

B．13 million hours.

C．30 million hours.

3. In which stage were the stones from South Wales used?

A．The first stage.

B．The second stage.

C．The third stage.

4. What can we know about Stonehenge?

A．There are about 60 stones left today.

B．Every stone involved weighs about 50 tons.

C．The reason for building it is unclear.

3 . 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

One of China’s largest hanfu-themed     1     (event), the annual Hanfu Cultural Festival in Xitangancient town, East China’s Zhejiang Province.     2     (hold) from October 28 to 31 last year. According to statistics from the organizer, 157,326 visitors attended     3     festival, many of     4     were hanfu-wearing enthusiasts, called “tongpao”.

    5     (original) from the collection of ancient Chinese Poetry Book of Songs, the word tongpao is-now used to describe whoever appreciates     6     (tradition) Han Chinese clothing.     7     (forbid) during China’s last feudal (封建的) dynasty，the Qing Dynasty, hanfu clothing has been little known     8     the public for many decades.

Nowadays, hanfu is making a comeback.Tongpao has risen in number over the past 15 years     9     a worker in Central China’s Henan Province named Wang Letian made a hanfu-style suit and wore     10     in public in 2003.

4 . The computer began as a calculating machine in France in 1642. It could make difficult sums much     1       (simple). In 1936 Alan Turing wrote a book about how the computer could be made to work as a "universal machine"         2     (solve) any difficult mathematical problem.

At     3     beginning, the computer was     4     large as a room. This really worried the designers. As time         5     (go) by, it became smaller and smaller. With artificial     6     (intelligent), it is getting cleverer and cleverer, quicker and quicker.

In the early 1960s, computers could     7     (connect) by a network,     8     enabled their users to share information     9     others. Since the 1970s, computers have had many new     10     (application) and become very important in communication, finance, trade and even been put into space rockets and sent to explore the Moon and Mars.

5 . November 11 is Veterans Day in the United States. A "veteran" is anyone who has served in the armed forces. The term "veteran" is not just for those who have served in wars. It describes anyone who has ever been in the army.

On November11, people hold ceremonies(仪式) and parades(游行) to mark Veterans Day. Public officials take part in the events. Army bands play. And soldiers fire guns into the air to remember those who died in service to their country.

The history of Veterans Day relates to World War I. Many people at the time called it "the war to end all wars." The United States entered the fighting in Europe in 1917. Over 13 million men and women were reported for duty in the army. World War I ended at 11 o'clock in the morning on November 11, 1918. The following year, President Woodrow Wilson signed an official statement to celebrate November 11th as Armistice Day in the United States. It would be a day to honor the men and women who had served in the U.S. armed forces during the war. In 1926, Congress made Armistice Day a national holiday.

But new problems were on the way. Soon, everyone knew that World War I would not be the war to end all wars. In all, more than 4,000,000 Americans served in the armed forces during the first World War. And 16 million would serve during the second one.

Armistice Day in 1945 was a special day in the United States. Germany had surrendered in May 1945 and Japan in August. Most men and women who had served in the war were home. So, instead of honoring just veterans of World War I, Americans also honored veterans of World War II. In 1954, Congress decided to change the name of Armistice Day. The holiday became Veterans Day.

1. Who does Veterans Day honour?

A．Those who lost their lives in wars.

B．Those who served in the wars.

C．Those who served in the army.

D．Those who served in the army in World War I.

2. Why was November 1l made Veterans Day?

A．Because World War I ended at 11: 00 on November 11.

B．Because Woodrow Wilson signed a statement to celebrate it.

C．Because the USA entered the war on November 11.

D．Because November 11 was once called Armistice Day.

3. What can we learn from the passage?

A．Women were not included in the army in the wars.

B．Armistice Day was not a national holiday until 1954.

C．Armistice Day was at first to honor those who died in the war.

D．More people from the USA served in World War II than in World War I.

4. Which can be the best title of the passage?

A．Celebrations on Veterans Day

B．Meaning of Veterans Day

C．Veterans Day---a Day for the Army

D．Veterans Day in the U.S.

6 . 2015 was an extremely dangerous year for journalists. 69 media representatives lost their lives around the world. 28 of them were killed by Islamic terrorist groups close to Al-Qaeda and the Islamic State. 8 journalists were killed in January, when the office of the magazine Charlie Hebdo was attacked in Paris.
       The Committee to Protect Journalists(CPJ) has reported that Syria was the most dangerous place for journalists in 2015. 13 reporters were killed in a state that has been suffering from civil war. Sudan, Bangladesh and Brazil are among other countries in which journalists were killed. Many of them were sent to cover civil wars, corruption and human rights issues.
       In addition, several journalists were kidnapped(绑架) and are still being held in prison. The most typical is a Washington Post journalist who has been imprisoned in Iran for over one and a half years On Wednesday he will spend his 527th day in prison, taken away not only freedom but also justice. At the end of 2015, 199 journalists were held in prison in 28 countries around the world, including Egypt and Turkey.
       Media experts believe that criminals and militant(激进的) organizations are becoming more and more threatening towards journalists. In the past vehicles that were marked with a PRESS sign got more protection and were not targeted. Although western countries are strongly against it when something happens to journalists, there is often nothing they can do about it. Warring sides sometimes use kidnapped journalists to get media attention.
1. How many journalists died during the attack on Charlie Hebdo?

A．8.

B．13.

C．69.

D．119.

2. Which of the following is True according to the text?

A．Most journalists were killed in Sudan.

B．A committee has been found to protect journalists.

C．The Washington Post journalist was kidnapped three years ago.

D．Western countries work well in protecting journalists.

3. Why did people mark a PRESS sign on their cars?

A．To be better protected.	B．To draw media attention.
C．To show their anger.	D．To call for help.

4. What may be the best title for the text?

A．Fighting for Terrorist Groups	B．Keeping off the Killings
C．A Dangerous Year for Journalists	D．Dangerous Places for Journalists

7 . At present time, roller skating (滑旱冰) is easy and fun. But many years ago, it wasn’t easy at all. Before 1750, people never tried skating on wheels. That changed because of a man named Joseph Merlin. Merlin’s work was making instruments (工具). In his free time he liked to play the violin. Merlin was a man with many ideas and many dreams. People called him a dreamer.
One day Merlin received an invitation to go to an important party. He was very pleased and a little excited. As the day of the party came near, Merlin began to think. He wanted to find a way to make a wonderful entrance at the party. Merlin had an idea. He thought that he would attract a lot of attention if he could skate into the room.
Merlin tried different ways to make himself roll (滚动). Finally, he decided to put two wheels under each shoe. These were the first roller skate shoes. Merlin was very proud of them. He dreamed of arriving at the party and skating into the room while playing the violin. He was sure that everyone would be very surprised.
On the night of the party Merlin rolled into the room, playing his violin. Everyone was really surprised to see him. There was just one problem. Merlin had no way to stop his roller skating. He rolled on, playing the violin. Then, with all eyes on him, Merlin hit into a huge mirror on the wall. The mirror broke into many pieces with a very loud noise.
Nobody forgot Merlin’s wonderful entrance after that.
1. The first paragraph tells us that people began to skate on wheels from 1750 because _______.

A．it is very easy

B．it is very exciting

C．Joseph Merlin’s instruments

D．it is very popular

2. People called Merlin a dreamer because ___________.               .

A．he slept and dreamed a lot

B．he was full of different ideas and dreams

C．he invented the first roller skates

D．he always made people’s dreams come true

3. ___________ made Merlin think of skating on wheels.

A．Merlin’s work	B．Merlin’s violin
C．A huge mirror	D．An important party

4. What was Merlin’s problem after he rolled into the room?

A．He couldn’t stop his roller-skating.

B．He couldn’t attract a lot of attention.

C．Everyone was surprised at him.

D．He couldn’t play the violin while rolling.

5. What’s the best title for the passage?

A．Joseph Merlin’s Story

B．How Roller Skating Was Invented

C．A Surprising Entrance to the Party

D．Violin and roller skating