1 . Research has shown that two-thirds of human conversation is taken up not with discussion of the cultural or political problems of the day, not heated debates about films we’ve just seen or books we’ve just finished reading, but plain and simple
Language is our greatest treasure as a species (物种,品种), and what do we
So why are we keen on gossiping? Are we just natural
Dunbar
Dunbar arrived at his cheery theory by studying the
As we human beings evolve from a particular branch of the primate family, Dunbar
But as the groups got bigger and bigger, the amount of time spent in grooming activities also had to be
A.claim | B.description | C.gossip | D.language |
A.finally | B.habitually | C.dependently | D.generally |
A.social | B.political | C.historical | D.cultural |
A.interviewers | B.masters | C.users | D.wasters |
A.important | B.effective | C.limited | D.difficult |
A.maintains | B.rejects | C.has | D.holds |
A.for example | B.in addition | C.on the contrary | D.as a result |
A.sense | B.appearance | C.emotion | D.behavior |
A.attack | B.contact | C.help | D.peace |
A.commits | B.develops | C.concludes | D.benefits |
A.challenge | B.responsibility | C.leadership | D.protection |
A.measure | B.show | C.maintain | D.ease |
A.saved | B.extended | C.shared | D.gained |
A.common | B.efficient | C.scientific | D.thoughtful |
A.indirect | B.daily | C.physical | D.secret |
2 . It is believed that greed and selfishness has become the basis of modern society, and we should return to the old traditions of family and community. Then we will have a better life. To what extent do you agree or disagree with the above opinion?
Despite common practice, it is hard to conclude that modern society is built on greed and selfishness, both of which are not newly invented vocabulary. In ancient times people also did greedy and selfish things though such behaviors were more condemned (被宣告有罪的) then.
In conclusion, modern people appear to be more self-centered than those in the past due to strong outside pressure. However, we should encourage people to know the importance of being caring and generous and to build a mutually beneficial relationship with others.
A.Modern people behave selfishly to survive the harsh competition of life. |
B.Being selfish seems reasonable in the modern society. |
C.In the world which is developing so fast, many values are undergoing major changes. |
D.But old traditions regarding human relationships are not out-of-date. |
E.But we cannot ignore the fact that people in the past live a relatively more isolated life and faced less pressure compared with their modern counterparts. |
F.But I personally think that people should not be too selfish. |
3 . “Some of the worst human tragedies happening in the world today go on because we don’t really see them. We rarely make eye communication with people who are suffering, so we act sometimes as if the people don’t exist.”
The speaker is Bill Gates, the world’s richest man. At a gathering in Seattle, he is talking not as the Microsoft chairman but as a partner in a strong personal duty. For Gates and his wife, Melinda, making less inequality in global health and domestic education has become a life’s goal.
Having set up their foundation with close to $29 billion, the Gates are on track to become history’s greatest philanthropists (慈善家). But they do more than just give money out. Experts praise the couple for their wisdom and their ability to gather others: “Even with this great contribution,” says Susan Schwab, president and CEO of the University System of Maryland Foundation, “they know they can’t solve these problems alone.”
Their devotion came from different sources. For Melinda, it was a vacation to Zaire, where she was struck by meeting women in being extremely poor. For Bill, it was reading that millions of children die every year from preventable diseases. “Melinda and I had assumed that if there were medicines and treatments that could save lives, government would be doing everything they could to get them to…people,” Bill said at the World Health Assembly in Geneva. “We couldn’t escape the cruel conclusion that…some lives are seen as worth saving and others are not.”
From shock came action. They focused on the simple message that one life is worth no more or less than another. Frances Hesselbein, chairman of the non-profit Leader to Leader Institute, says: “Sometimes people give in a very fair way, but there is something about what they are doing…that is the opposite of that. It is very difficult to understand and very personal.”
Both Gateses read scientific books and travel extensively in developing countries. So far, the Gateses have developed $9 billion to global health. They share a sense of urgency. “We’re not doing enough in developing countries to give out the treatments and practices we know are effective in fighting diseases such as malaria, tuberculosis and HIV,” the couple told U.S. News.
1. Which of the following does Bill Gates think is not correct?A.We act sometimes as if the people suffering don’t exist. |
B.They can’t solve these problems alone. |
C.Some lives are worth saving and others are not. |
D.Government would be doing everything to help people. |
A.hit | B.impressed | C.attacked | D.hurt |
A.They have had great influence on global health. |
B.They are limited to the area in Africa. |
C.They only focus on medical treatment. |
D.They are carried out without government’s support. |
A.praise Bill and Melinda Gates for their kindness | B.raise more money for the foundation |
C.explain to people how the projects work | D.convince more people of helping others |
4 . Obesity is becoming one of the biggest threats to children’s health, a recent nationwide investigation has warned, pointing out that students’ physical indicators are declining because of a lack of enough exercise.
The past five years have witnessed fast growth in the number of fat children -- in some big cities, the number has even doubled, the survey showed.
In Beijing, for example, latest figures from the local education authorities show that the height, weight and chest measurement of young students keep expanding, while physical indices, such as lung capacity, speed and strength, are going down.
The blood pressure of half the secondary school students is above normal; and the number of obese students has increased by 50 percent compared with five years age.
In the urban areas of Beijing and five other economically more developed regions, the average obesity rate of male students in primary schools has reached 12.9 percent.
Nationwide, the obesity rate of children is 8.1 percent and 3.1 percent in urban and rural areas.
“China has entered the era of obesity,” Beijing-based Workers’ Daily quoted Ji Chengye of the Child and Adolescent Health Section of the China Preventive Medicine Association as saying. “Childhood is the first age group affected by obesity, to which society has not paid enough attention,” Ji said. “Obesity in childhood will influence health for life,” the expert added.
The increase in indoor activities such as watching television, surfing the Internet, playing computer games or doing homework, is one of the main reasons for children’s obesity, according to Ji, because it means lack of exercise and little chance for burning calories. Another reason is consumption of excessive junk food. “In the past, children used to drink water. Now they prefer sweet beverages; and some have totally given up water,” Ji said. He also blamed intensive promotions of sweets and junk food, which make it hard for children to resist the temptation.
Also, because of pressure of competition to enter good higher schools, teachers sacrifice students’ physical exercise time for classes.
For instance, about 60 percent of school masters in Beijing admitted that the one hour of outdoor physical exercises per day is not always followed.
“Problems of obesity will not only influence children’s physical and psychological development but also become a ‘time bomb’ for the country’s future economic development and public health system,” said Chen Chunming, head of International Life Sciences Institute Focal Point in China.
1. Problems of obesity will not ________.A.influence children’s physical and psychological development |
B.affect the country’s future economic development |
C.have some effect on the country’s public health system |
D.harm human history |
A.height | B.weight | C.chest measurement | D.lung capacity |
A.being strong | B.being too small | C.being too fat | D.being too tall |
A.child obesity has become a big problem |
B.the problem of child obesity is especially serious in Beijing |
C.China has entered the era of obesity |
D.lacking enough exercise is the main reason for children’s obesity |
5 . Let children learn to judge their own work. A child learning to talk does not learn by being corrected all the time: if corrected too much, he will stop talking. He notices a thousand times a day the difference between the language he uses and the language those around him use. Bit by bit, he makes the necessary changes to make his language like other people’s. In the same way, children learning to do all the other things: they learn to do without being taught to walk, run, climb, whistle, ride a bicycle, compare their own performances with those of more skilled people, and slowly make the needed changes. But in school we never give a child a chance to find out his mistakes and correct them for himself. We do it all for him. We act as if we thought that he would never notice a mistake unless it was pointed out to him, or correct it unless he was made to. Let him work out, with the help of other children if he wants it, what this word says, what the answer is to that problem, whether this is a good way of saying or doing this or not.
If it is a matter of right answer, as it may be in mathematics or science, give him the answer book. Let him correct his own papers. Why should we teachers waste time on such routine (常规) work? Our job should be to help the child when he tells us that he can’t find the way to get the right answer. Let the children learn what all educated persons must some day learn, how to measure their own understanding, and how to know what they know or do not know.
1. According to the passage, the best way for children to learn things is by ________.A.listening to skilled people’s advice | B.asking older people many questions |
C.making mistakes and having them corrected | D.doing what other people do |
A.Give children correct answers. | B.Allow children to make mistakes. |
C.Point out children’s mistakes to them. | D.Let children mark their own work. |
A.allow children to learn from each other | B.point out children’s mistakes whenever found |
C.give children more book knowledge | D.correct children’s mistakes as soon as possible |
A.different from learning other skills | B.the same as learning skills |
C.more important than other skills | D.not really important skills |
6 . When you are little, it’s not hard to believe you can change the world. I remember my enthusiasm when, at the age of 12, I addressed the people at the Rio Earth Summit. “I am only a child,” I told them. “Yet I know that if all the money spent on war was spent on ending poverty and finding environmental answers, what a wonderful place this world would be. In school you teach us not to fight with others, to work things out, to respect others, to clean up our mess, not to hurt other creatures, to share. not to be greedy. Then why do you go out and do the thing you tell us not to do? You grown-ups say you love us, but I challenge you, please, to make our actions reflect your words.”
I spoke for six minutes and received a standing ovation. Some of the delegates even cried. I thought that maybe I had reached some of them, that my speech might actually spur (激励) action. Now, ten years from Rio, after I’ve sat through many more conferences, I’m not sure what has been accomplished. My confidence in the people in power and in the power of an individual’s voice to reach them has been deeply shaken.
When I was little, the world was simple. But as a young adult, I’m learning that as we have to make choices-education, career, lifestyle-life gets more and more complicated. We are beginning to feel pressure to produce and be successful. We are taught that economic growth is progress, but aren’t taught how to pursue a happy, healthy or sustainable (可持续的) way of living. And we are learning that what we wanted for the future when we were 12 was ideal and innocent.
Today I’m no longer a child, but I’m worried about what kind of environment my children will grow up in. I know change is possible, because I am changing, still figuring out what I think. I am still deciding how to live my life. The challenges are great, but if we accept individual responsibility and make sustainable choices, we will rise to the challenges, and we will become part of the positive tide of change.
1. The purpose of what the speaker said at the age of 12 was to ________.A.end poverty and make school beautiful |
B.end poverty and solve the problems about environment |
C.find a wonderful place and clean it up |
D.find environmental answers and keep the words that they always told themselves |
A.a long period of laughing | B.a warm welcome |
C.a long period of clapping and applauses | D.an expression used for greeting |
A.in his teens | B.in his forties | C.in his thirties | D.in his twenties |
A.the writer thinks what he thought at the age of 12 is mature. |
B.the writer’s children will certainly live in an ideal environment. |
C.the writer’s confidence in the people in power has deeply shaken their voice. |
D.the writer’s belief does not change when he grows up. |
7 . We must face the fact that there are many aspects of the Information Ages. All information makes us anxious. Over some of these, we have little or no control. On the other hand, there are steps we can take to eliminate much of
To some extent, we are all receivers and givers of information. Our brain, however, receives and processes information in different ways. One way involves the amazing capacity of the brain to process information subconsciously.
Another way involves
Information gathered by reading is processed consciously and
How can we
To cut through confusing information,
A.curiosity | B.trouble | C.interest | D.anxiety |
A.donating | B.rewarding | C.interesting | D.searching |
A.sensitive | B.conscious | C.unconscious | D.reasonable |
A.energy | B.wealth | C.power | D.health |
A.expanding | B.surviving | C.stretching | D.bearing |
A.still | B.however | C.hence | D.yet |
A.cooperating | B.finding | C.removing | D.stimulating |
A.think of | B.deal with | C.do with | D.rule over |
A.recreational | B.professional | C.humorous | D.traditional |
A.break into | B.bring about | C.get rid of | D.come to |
A.catch | B.offer | C.abandon | D.apply |
A.rank | B.limit | C.field | D.lane |
A.received | B.supplied | C.labeled | D.recommended |
A.offered | B.stated | C.declined | D.opposed |
A.maximum | B.minimum | C.quantity | D.presence |
A. extended B. married C. estimate D. keeping E. experiment F. noticed G. glued H. initially I. replaced J. sense K. vastly |
In South Korea, smartphone cases come with rings tied on the back of the mobile phones to prevent clumsy owners from dropping them. This makes people look like they literally are
Walk around the streets of Seoul or any other South Korean city, and there is a real risk of bumping into people whose eyes are
The government
Instead of appealing to people’s good
10 . According to the majority of Americans, women are every bit as capable of being good political leaders as men. The same can be said of their ability to dominate the corporate boardroom. And according to a new Pew Research Center survey on women and leadership, most Americans find no difference between women and men on key leadership qualities such as intelligence and capacity for innovation, with many saying they’re stronger than men in terms of being passionate and organized leaders.
So why, then, are women in short supply at the top of government and business in the United States? According to the public, at least, it’s not that they lack toughness, management talent or proper skill sets.
It’s also not all about work life balance. Although economic research and previous survey findings have shown that career interruptions related to motherhood may make it harder for women to advance in their careers and compete for top executive jobs, relatively few adults in the recent survey point to this as a key barrier for women seeking leadership roles. Only about 20% say women’s family responsibilities are a major reason why there aren’t more females in top leadership positions in business and politics.
Instead, topping the list of reasons, about 40% Americans point to a double standard for women hoping to climb to the highest levels of either politics or business, where they have to do more than their male workmates to prove themselves. Similar shares say the electorate (选民) and American companies are just not ready to put more women in top leadership positions.
As a result, the public is divided about whether the imbalance in American companies will change in the foreseeable future, even though women have made major advances in the workplace. While 53% believe men will continue to hold more top executive positions in business in the future, 44% say it’s only a matter of time before as many women are in top executive positions as men. Americans are less doubtful when it comes to politics: 73% expect to see a female president in their lifetime.
1. What do we learn from previous survey findings about women seeking leadership roles?A.They have unconquerable difficulties on their way to success. |
B.They are lacking in confidence when competing with men. |
C.Their failures may have something to do with family duties. |
D.Relatively few are held back in their career advancement. |
A.More and more women will sit in the boardroom. |
B.Gender imbalance in leadership is likely to change. |
C.The public is undecided about whether women will make good leaders. |
D.People have opposing opinions as to whether they will have more women leaders. |
A.A woman in the highest position of government. |
B.More and more women actively engaged in politics. |
C.A majority of women voting for a female president. |
D.As many women in top government positions as men. |
A.What do most Americans think of women leaders? |
B.How to balance work and life for working women? |
C.When can women achieve equality in the workplace? |
D.Why are women leaders fewer in companies or governments? |