写作要点：随着世界太空技术的发展，人类的太空梦不再是梦。但是也有人觉得耗费大量的人力和财力来研究和开发太空资源不切实际，不如将这些人力和财力用来着重解决人类当前面临的重大问题，改善地球的生存环境。对此，你有何看法？
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Developing space technology, worthwhile or not?
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________1. 社团的主要活动；
2. 报名方式及截止日期。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Mike,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
3 . In the digital age, we rely on technology such as social media in trying to build interesting and varied lives. Social networking sites like Facebook are designed and promoted to make us believe enthusiastically that they are able to open up new experiences for us. There are constant notifications (通知) and updates, urging us to check-in to find out what is new.
But if we do not use the technology wisely, we can end up becoming overly attached and trapped in a cycle of social media FOMO, a sign of deeper unhappiness. FOMO, or fear of missing out, is a fear that exciting or interesting events are happening somewhere else and that we are not able to join.
People who experience high levels of FOMO have been found to be more likely to give in to urges to write and check text messages while driving, as well as to use Facebook more often directly after waking, while going to sleep and during meals.
When it comes to lasting happiness, it is best not to give in to FOMO, but rather to deal with the cycle of desires that fuel it. Hard as it is, we are better off working toward facing the fearful reality that we cannot experience everything we might like than to get caught in a cycle of checking behaviors that only cause anxiety.
If we have become used to using social media as part of our attempts at living interesting lives, we must admit that it is not easy to change our approach. But change is almost always worthwhile in the long run.
The fact that FOMO is so common in our digital age is a sign that there is something wrong with the way we are pursuing happiness and that we are not as happy as we might think we are. It should warn us that, in our eagerness to use digital technology to try to make ourselves happier, we may unintentionally (无意之中) be bringing on exactly the opposite result.
1. What is the first paragraph mainly about?| A．The digital age has arrived. |
| B．Sites give netizens useful experiences. |
| C．People have fallen into modern technology. |
| D．Social media are designed to attract public attention. |
| A．Failing to use Facebook. | B．Answering a call during shopping, |
| C．Reading text messages on reaching offices. | D．Checking Facebook while driving. |
| A．To gain long-time happiness. | B．To speed the cycle of desires. |
| C．To work much better. | D．To reduce fearful reality. |
| A．Everybody has experienced FOMO. |
| B．Digital technology may make us unhappier. |
| C．Pursuing happiness is a sign of the digital age. |
| D．People may unintentionally get lost in technology. |
4 . While waiting in bus stations, airports or parks, some people are busy with a friendly conversation, and others read newspapers, comics (漫画), novels and pocket books. That was many years ago.
Today everyone uses smartphones, tablets and laptops at home, work and school. Exactly, it improves our communication, social media, entertainment and provides convenience to work. The computers, Interweb, and smartphones have become part of our everyday life.
However, the publishing houses suffer terrible losses, and the comics industry is out of business, for everyone goes digital and gadget (小玩意) dependent.
Especially in the COVID-19 times, the sales (销售) of PC, laptops and gadgets suddenly went up quickly. Because of health safety problems, people chose to shop online. Moreover, education happens through Online Distance Learning, which forced parents to buy desktops and smartphones. Yet behind the benefits and use of these modern gadgets is a sad reality. Many students lose the face-to-face conversation power. skills in public speaking, and social skills.
Another problem is health. The young generation today spends so much time on gadgets inside homes. They don’t live the traditional healthy outdoor life. The result is eyesight problems and enjoying very little sunlight.
For workers, too much exposure (暴露) to video call meetings has damaged their health. What’s more, many of us are expected to continue working at home.
Modern information technology (IT) has really-affected our way of life. In the COVID-19 times, these products of modern technology have protected us from public exposure and direct interaction with people. However, its continuous use can also harm people’s health and interest. Thus, we should take control of IT application in our life and not allow IT to endanger our health and safety.
1. What is the purpose of Paragraph 1?| A．To give tips on how to make good use of our time. | B．To draw readers’ interest in traditional ways of life. |
| C．To serve as the background information of the text. | D．To provide readers with a typical life scene many years ago. |
| A．A smartphone is more useful than a computer. | B．Without information technology, we can’t communicate |
| C．We are not able to work or study with no computers. | D．Information technology brings people many benefits. |
| A．Many students talk little face to face. | B．Many publishing houses turn to IT business. |
| C．Many parents are forced to learn to use IT gadgets. | D．Many workers are out of work and have to stay inside. |
| A．How did COVID-19 affect information technology? |
| B．How does modern information technology affect us? |
| C．How did modern technology become part of our everyday life? |
| D．How do people make use of modern technology? |
5 . Charity is simple in theory: A heart warms, a hand reaches out. In practice, though, charity can become a troubled mix of motives (动机) and consequences. Giving can be driven by guilt (负罪感), duty, praise, or perhaps the hope that giving will somehow make up for past cruelty (残酷) or ignorance. Too little charity is far less than valuable. Too much can cause dependence, which makes the receiver continuously ask for more.
Giving from the heart is good. But critics (批评家) have long worried about misdirected charity that does more harm than good. In his 2012 book, Harmful Charity: How Churches and Charities Hurt Those They Help (And How to Solve the Problem), Robert Lupton, an experienced social worker of 40 years of community work in inner-city Atlanta, argues that charity must not do for the poor what they can do for themselves.
Due to emergencies such as natural disasters, the afterward financial aid is greatly welcome. Mr. Lupton advocates (提倡) it should focus on the development of self-supporting. The task can be carried out via, for instance, offering microloans (小微贷款), hiring local builders and suppliers, and trying to found self-supported, locally owned and operated factories. What seldom works, he argues, are untargeted handouts from far-off providers and the sudden arrival of inexperienced volunteer-tourists hoping to earn personal reputation by digging wells or mending roofs that locals are perfectly able to take care of themselves.
Getting charity right isn’t easy. But from money raising to the rising in volunteering among Millennials (千禧一代), from the increasing worldwide willingness to give to the efforts by charity organizations to become more effective and fruitful, there is strong evidence that human beings’ ability of taking care of others is growing along with their ability to help without harming.
Charity can be as simple as holding the door for a stranger and as complex as a global campaign to get rid of malaria (疟疾). Charity works best when it returns the weak to strength, and helps a small town shaken by an earthquake get back on its feet. A successful charity is one that eventually is no longer needed.
1. What have critics worried about?| A．There is much less charity than needed. | B．Charity can be driven by guilt and praise. |
| C．Some charity providers are inexperienced. | D．Misdirected charity may cause dependence. |
| A．Hiring local workers. | B．Founding factories. | C．Building houses for victims. | D．Giving untargeted handouts. |
| A．It’s easy to give charity without harming. | B．Millennials enjoy earning personal reputation. |
| C．People’s ability of giving charity is improving. | D．Charity organizations are spreading all over the world. |
| A．To appeal for more charity. | B．To advocate getting charity right. |
| C．To introduce Robert Lupton’s book. | D．To criticize unjust motives for charity. |
6 . “Ni Hao! I am your foreign friend. Just have a bite of our organic apples (有机苹果) and place your orders here!” Erik Nilson, a Swedish traveler, greeted through TikTok livestreams (抖音直播) in a village of Jiangxi Province. His livestreams increased that day’s sales greatly. After experiencing a special day of livestreaming, Erik said jokingly. “I wish I could change my job.”
This village is not alone. Nowadays, China’s e-commerce platforms (电商平台) like TikTok and Taobao have helped open up online markets for Chinese farmers’ produce. This has made livestreaming sales a new way to help poor farmers, with mobile phones becoming “new farm tools”.
“How can you make the audience believe that your products are delicious just through the screen in front of you?” The government in Hainan Province invites experts to teach farmers some necessary skills including how to make short videos and how to increase livestreaming sales. “However, at first, only a few villagers gave it a shot. So we helped them get training in livestreaming, short video marketing, and other courses. It wasn’t fancy, but simple, practical, and effective.”
“Everybody, please take a look. This is the best banana. Taste it.” said Pei Yanqin, 59, speaking with a strong local accent but communicating carefully with audience through her livestreaming software. Just over a year ago, she was one of those villagers with the least interest to get training.
Today, the village has developed eight e-commerce livestreaming courtyards. Some farmers work alone, while others are husband and wife teams. In the next step, the government will train more farmers to conduct the livestreams and develop multi-variety online sales.
1. What is the purpose of the first paragraph?| A．To promote the organic apples. | B．To share a travel experience of Erik. |
| C．To introduce the topic of the text. | D．To explain what the livestreams are. |
| A．turned it down. | B．had a try at it. | C．had access to it. | D．argued about it. |
| A．Erik Nilson came to China because he wants a new job. |
| B．Pei Yanqin has no interest in livestreaming sales at all. |
| C．Livestreaming has become the best way to help poor farmers. |
| D．Government is helping farmers become skilled in marketing online. |
| A．Business. | B．Education. | C．Science. | D．History. |
7 . As Internet users become more dependent on the Internet to store information, are people remembering less? If you know your computer will save information, why store it in your own personal memory, your brain? Experts are wondering if the Internet is changing what we remember and how.
In a recent study, Professor Betsy Sparrow conducted some experiments. She and her research team wanted to know whether the Internet is changing memory. In the first experiment, they gave people 40 unimportant facts to type into a computer. The first group of people understood that the computer would save the information. The second group understood that the computer would not save it. Later, the second group remembered the information better. People in the first group knew they could find the information again, so they did not try to remember it.
In another experiment, the researchers gave people facts to remember, and told them where to find the information on the Internet. The information was in a specific computer folder(文件夹). Surprisingly, people later remember the folder location better than the facts. When people use the Internet, they do not remember the information. Rather, they remember how to find it. This is called “transactive memory(交互记忆)”.
According to Sparrow, we are not becoming people with poor memories as a result of the Internet. Instead, computer users are developing stronger transactive memories; that is, people are learning how to organize huge quantities of information so that they are able to access it at a later date. This doesn’t mean we are becoming either more or less intelligent, but there is no doubt that the way we use memory is changing.
1. The purpose of two questions in the beginning is to ______.| A．describe how to use the Internet | B．show the author’s attitude |
| C．introduce the main topic | D．explain how to store information |
| A．The first group did not try to remember the information. |
| B．The two groups remembered the information equally well. |
| C．Sparrow’s team typed the information into a computer. |
| D．The second group did not understand the information. |
| A．remember the information better | B．remember how to find the information |
| C．organize information like a computer | D．change the quantity of information |
| A．It changes the way we access information. | B．It makes us more intelligent. |
| C．It reduces our memory. | D．It causes us to use memory differently. |
8 . The COVID-19 pandemic (流行病) has changed how American schools operate. Over the past two years, students and teachers in many places have depended on virtual learning to slow the spread of COVID-19. Now many schools are open again. But attacks by cyber-criminals (网络罪犯) are making it hard for schools to return to normal.
Cyber-criminals use computer networks and software called ransomware to take control of computer systems that schools use to keep student information. The criminals say they will return control to the schools only if they receive a payment.
For teachers at a middle school in Albuquerque, New Mexico, the first sign of a widespread problem came during an early morning video meeting. Nobody could open attendance records, and everyone was locked out of class lists and test results.
Schools in New Mexico, Maryland, Florida, Wisconsin, New Jersey and other states have also reported problems with cyber-attacks.
It is said that there have been over 1, 200 attacks on schools since 2016. Over 200 of the attacks used ransomware to take control of school systems. Other forms of attack include people destroying video lessons.
In Baltimore, Maryland, a cyber-attack in late 2020 closed schools and made it difficult for students to continue leaning from home. Recent news stories have reported that it cost nearly $ 10 million to improve the school system’s information database and add safety to fight against future attacks.
The attacks are creating discussions on how to stop the attacks. Some people say teachers should use paper to keep track of student information instead of databases. But many teachers say that would make their work take much longer.
The crimes are also causing school systems and states to spend more money than usual. In New Mexico, state leaders are working to add $45 million to the budget (预算) to create a cyber safely program by 2027.
1. What is ransomware used to do?| A．Demand money from the schools. | B．Control school budgets. |
| C．Prevent students from going to school. | D．Make fun of school leaders. |
| A．Attending a video conference. |
| B．Making preparations for class. |
| C．Giving students online lessons. |
| D．Discussing examination results. |
| A．Schools give up online classes. |
| B．Students’ information has been let out. |
| C．Much money is spent to fight against them. |
| D．Teachers use paper to keep information. |
| A．Cyber-Attacks Put Off US Schools’ Reopening |
| B．Cyber-Attacks Hurt US Schools During Pandemic |
| C．How US Schools Battle Cyber-Attacks During Pandemic |
| D．How US Companies Protect School Information Database |
1. 推荐理由；
2. 相关课程，如中国历史，传统文化等。
参考词汇：孔子学院Confucius Institute
注意：
1. 词数80左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
10 . Throughout history, music spread through common experiences among people of different cultures. In today’s technologically advanced society, however, people spread music online, sometimes without an artist’s permission. This can lead to many problems, and music companies are now cracking down on this practice. Sharing music online without permission is theft.
Sharing music online prevents recording companies from making money from their efforts. They say that online file sharing has resulted in a huge drop in profits and sales over the past 10 years. People who find music for free online are not charged for CDs or every MP3 download. To truly understand the impact of music piracy on creators, one must understand how many people are involved in the recording process. For the sale of each album, profits must be shared between all parties: musicians, sound engineers, music producers, managers, advertisers, and the company selling the product. Many people believe sharing music only affects the recording artist, but the reality is that sharing hurts business for all companies involved. Therefore, the sharing of music files is just as damaging as stealing a CD from Target.
There are many people who don’t see the harm in sharing music files online and even think they have the right to do it. One online blogger states that he originally paid for an entire CD and that he “should be able to do with the material whatever he wants”. While he may have legally paid for the music, he does not have the right to provide it to the world at no cost. Most music is copyrighted. No one can legally hand out free copies without permission, which means people like the blogger are thieves.
Although we do not spread today’s music the same way we did historically, there’s no doubt that people around the world love to share music. However, Internet piracy could prevent musicians from wanting to continue producing albums for fear of theft. Therefore, if people want to continue listening to their favorite artists, they need to buy their music so that artists will make enough profit to continue their music careers.
1. How is the text organized?| A．Topic—Argument—Explanation |
| B．Opinion—Discussion—Description |
| C．Main idea—Comparison—Supporting statements |
| D．Introduction—Supporting statements—Conclusion |
| A．Bringing up carefully. |
| B．Speaking highly of. |
| C．Dealing seriously with. |
| D．Destroying completely. |
| A．artists are taking action to protect their rights |
| B．sharing music files online affects a lot of people. |
| C．online music sharing increases sales of music CDs. |
| D．a person who has bought a CD has the right to share it online. |
| A．Music Piracy is Theft |
| B．Is Sharing Music Right? |
| C．What is Music Piracy? |
| D．Music Piracy is Good for Music Lovers |
