1 . The Internet is a global network, which allows digital information to travel around the world. Let’s view some most popular uses of the Internet.
Information search
We search for information every day.
One of the most significant and popular use of the Internet is email. Email is a common thing that a majority of people check after they have logged (登录) on to the Internet.
Online shopping
Education
The Internet plays an important role in effectively shaping today’s school education process. It has the availability and the quality of learning for many students. They can study what they want and whenever they feel the most productive.
We are witnessing the rise of informal education where college graduates have online access and can sharpen their skills and get faster progress in a specific field.
| A．Communication |
| B．Online bill payments |
| C．Our habits of buying things have changed a lot |
| D．They can also attend classes or take exams online at home |
| E．It is done by typing a question for which we seek specific information |
| F．Many other personal businesses create their online shops every day |
| G．The email has enabled easier and faster communication between people |
增加:在缺词处加一个洞字符号(⋀), 并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2.只允许修改 10 处.多者(从第 11处起)不计分，
In order to bring down the number of accident and make drivers aware of the danger of driving much fast, many speed cameras are fixed on the roads. Most of them were placed in bright yellow boxes, so drivers can see it clearly from a distance and slow down. On other hand, some officials have the opposite ideas.They believe hiding cameras are more effective than visible ones. The reason is because drivers, not knowing the exact locations of the cameras, will drive more cautious. The police are now gathered related data to make sure which is good.
3 . Do you speak a dialect (方言) in daily life? While many Chinese people speak Mandarin, some local dialects are in danger of disappearing. To save them, the Chinese government started the Chinese Language Resources Protection Project a few years ago.
This project looks at how people talk in 1,712 places. Their languages include 103 dialects that are almost gone. It has helped China to build the largest language resource library in the world. There’s an online library where people can learn dialects from over 5.6 million audio clips (音频) and over 5 million videos.
Why is it important to protect the dialect culture? According to British linguist Harold Palmer, dialects are a key to store local cultures. Language faithfully shows the history, the beliefs and the biases (偏见) of an area, he said.
Scholar Zhang Hongming talked about his concerns of the disappearing of dialeets, “For about over 10 years, in the Wu dialect areas such as Shanghai and Suzhou, children aged 6 to 15 can understand but hardly speak the dialect. Meanwhile, young people above 15 years old sometimes speak it, but not very well. If this keeps happening, the dialect might disappear,” he said.
So how did China make this big library? “A big national effort has been put into the project to make it happen,” said Cao Zhiyun, chief expert on the project. Over five years, more than 350 universities and research groups joined in, along with over 4,500 experts and more than 6,000 dialect speakers.
The project is now entering into its second part. This includes creating digital tools like apps and mobile dictionaries to help people lean dialects.
1. How does the author start the text?| A．By quoting sayings. | B．By sharing a story. |
| C．By stating his own experiences. | D．By asking a question. |
| A．The development of Mandarin. | B．Why to protect dialects. |
| C．How to develop speaking skills. | D．The disappearing of dialects. |
| A．Worried. | B．Positive. | C．Indifferent. | D．Unelear. |
| A．It has entered into the third part. |
| B．Over 5.6 millions videos are collected in the project. |
| C．It looks at how people talk in 1,712 places. |
| D．Harold Palme is the chief expert on the project. |
4 . To reach a sustainable food system, “integrity has to run through the whole system, especially with the farmers,” say Jan and Steve Petersen, Niman Ranch farmers. “We have to learn to care for our shared resources, like soil, water, air, and ecosystems.”
Jan and Steve created a family of sustainability advocates. To them, sustainable farming means protecting soil, water, and ecosystems for future generations. The Petersen family always farmed crops sustainably and raised their pigs naturally, using mostly organic practices. Their son Ted continues to work on the farm part-time, while their oldest son Luke works with farmers in California to encourage sustainable farming practices as a conservation biologist who received a Niman Ranch Next Generation Scholarship Award in 2008 to help him continue his farming practices. “He doesn’t hesitate to feed his dad ideas on new practices and technologies,” says Jan.
The Petersens joined Niman Ranch in 2003 for the support it provided for farmers raising pigs naturally after the pig market crashed in 1998. “We suddenly had a sense of belonging and support, becoming part of a whole network of farmers who shared similar values,” explain Jan and Steve. “This matched our personal passion for community revitalization (复兴) and the promotion of responsible land use practices.”
In their community, the Petersens have a great passion for responsible land use and its benefits for the food system. They realized early on how farmland preservation is connected to all sorts of land use issues, so they got involved on many levels. Steve chairs the local planning committee. And Jan not only started the community’s farmers’ market, but also serves on the county Brownfield Redevelopment Authority, encouraging businesses to redevelop ignored properties. Together, the Petersens also brought historic property in their community back to life.
“We feel we are caretakers of not just the land on this fifth generation farm, but also the historic house and barns, around 1871, here on the Petersen Farm. We always hope the wildlife appreciates our commitment to avoiding farming the whole place into the ground,” say the Petersens.
1. How did the Petersen family advocate sustainable farming?| A．By engaging neighbors in part-time laboring. |
| B．By cooperating with conservation professionals. |
| C．By encouraging practices on organic farming. |
| D．By awarding biologists for ecological conservation. |
| A．It applied innovation to farming. |
| B．It supplied assistance to farmers in need. |
| C．It introduced them to bigger markets. |
| D．It offered convenience to communities in trouble. |
| A．They assumed leading roles. | B．They advocated land expansion. |
| C．They modernized historic properties. | D．They founded various organizations. |
| A．A Family’s Efforts to Protect Land | B．The Benefits of Sustainable System |
| C．The Protection of Shared Resources | D．The Progress in Organic Farming |
5 . The Chinese version of TikTok, called Douyin (抖音), has amassed (积累)400 million daily active users, parent company ByteDance revealed in its annual report this week. This is an impressive growth for the addictive(上瘾的) video app, which had 250 million daily active users in January last year.
The report, which describes the user behavior and trends, illustrates (表明) the cultural difference between China and the U. S. , said Katherine Wu, an investor at New York-based firm Notation Capital. “Things that trend in these two countries are quite different. For example: knowledge-based content is extremely popular in China, and less so in the U. S. Also, this was wild to me: those creators that did the most dance videos in China are users born in the 60s , while in the US, it seems that it’s mostly teenagers who are creating the dances,” she wrote.
ByteDance claimed (宣称) that Douyin has established itself as the largest knowledge, culture and art platform in China. (Douyin is only available in mainland China.) Indeed, 14. 89 million “know ledge-based content videos” were shared on the app last year, it claimed.
1. According to the annual report, how many active users can Douyin amass in one day?| A．14. 89 million | B．250 million | C．400 million | D．150 million |
| A．extremely popular | B．more popular than that in China |
| C．less popular than that in China | D．as popular as that in China |
| A．A Chinese woman who was born in the 60s. |
| B．An American woman who was born in the 60s. |
| C．A Chinese teenager who was born in the 90s. |
| D．An American teenager who was born in the 90s. |
| A．An annual report of Douyin. | B．The Difference of Douyin in China and the U. S. |
| C．A Great App for people of 60s. | D．An Addictive App-Douyin. |
In a heartwarming event that has touched the nation, a police officer in Warren, Michigan, was considered as a true hero by saving the life of an 18-month-old boy who had suddenly stopped breathing. This event happened on the evening of August 29 and has since touched the hearts of many.
Officer Brandan Fraser was on duty, focusing on speed and absent-minded driving, when he noticed a car speeding past him. What in the beginning seemed like a common traffic violation (违规) rapidly turned into a life-and-death crisis.
As Fraser came up to the car, he was met with a sad cry from a woman, who screamed, “We got a baby in here dying. Help! Help!” Both the woman and the man in the car were frightened as they handed over the baby boy, who appeared to be lifeless, not breathing and turning blue.
Rather than giving in to the pressure of the moment, Fraser immediately sprang into action. He examined the baby and doubted that he might be choking (窒息). Fraser quickly positioned the baby on his forearm and performed a series of back blows to force any obstruction (阻塞物) from the baby’s airway out.
However, the baby still showed no signs of breathing. Fraser’s heart raced, but his training kicked in here. After making sure the baby’s airway was clear, he then continued to perform CPR on the baby. His hands pressed the baby’s tiny chest and at the same time, he blew some air into the baby’s mouth to help make his heart beat again. Fraser continued these life-saving efforts tirelessly, knowing that every second counted.
Surprisingly, the baby began to breathe once more. Fraser described the moment, saying, “The baby started breathing, and you saw that color started coming back around his lips. You realized that something happened here, and we were heading in the right direction.”
注意：
1．续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
After a while, the baby gave out a cry, a sign that life was returning.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Then the baby was quickly transported to a nearby hospital.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
7 . A new study, led by the University of Massachusetts Amherst, reveals that the wealthiest Americans, those whose income places them in the top 10% of earners, are responsible for 40% of the nation’s total greenhouse gas emissions (排放).
More than that, they also discovered that the top 1% of earners alone generate 15-17% of the nation’s emissions. In general, white, non-Spanish-speaking households had the highest emission-linked income and black households the lowest. Emissions tended to increase with age, peaking with the 45-54 age group, before declining.
Scientists and environmentalists have long known that consumption—the amount and kind of food we eat, the vehicles we drive and all the stuff we buy—is closely linked to greenhouse gas emission. Traditional environmental policy has then sought to either limit consumption or guide it into more environmentally friendly approaches; replacing red meat with plant-based diets or replacing a gas-car with an electric vehicle.
“But,” says Jared Starr, a sustainability scientist at UMass Amherst and the lead author of the new study, “consumption-based approaches to limiting greenhouse gas emissions have downsides. They unfairly punish the poor while having little impact on the extremely wealthy, who tend to save and invest (投资) a large share of their income.”
“Consumption-based approaches miss something important: carbon pollution generates income, but when that income is reinvested into stocks (股票), rather than spent on necessities, it isn’t subject to a consumption-based carbon tax,” Jared continued.
The study is the first to link income, especially income from financial investments, to the emissions used in generating that income. The authors suggest that policymakers adopt taxes focused on shareholders and the carbon intensity of investment incomes in order to justly meet the goal of keeping the global temperature to 1.5℃ of warming.
1. Which of the following generates the most emissions?| A．An English-speaking black teenager. |
| B．A 48-year-old Spanish-speaking white worker. |
| C．A 49-year-old Spanish-speaking billionaire. |
| D．A 50-year-old English-speaking billionaire. |
| A．By controlling. | B．By punishing. | C．By preventing. | D．By recycling. |
| A．Unconcerned. | B．Critical. | C．Favourable. | D．Uncertain. |
| A．A book review. | B．A science fiction. | C．A science journal. | D．A travel guide. |
8 . Mark never stops socializing with his friends online.
Where am I? What am I doing? If you’re one of my 500 friends online, you’ll always be the first to know. As soon as I open my eyes in the morning, I check through all my social networking apps, read my emails and answer text message.
I live in a university dorm with a couple of great roommates. Yet the truth of the matter is:
I constantly feel depressed, dissatisfied and alone.
What is really worrying is that no one I know could go cold turkey. I can’t even imagine going without social networking for a week! After all, I need it for my studies because my teachers and classmates need to contact me at any time.
| A．I feel lonely. I’m barely the only person who feels this way |
| B．Since I spend so much time socializing online |
| C．I do the same thing all over again while I’m having breakfast |
| D．But he’s also never felt more alone |
| E．Social networking dominates my life in so many ways |
| F．So, that’s the problem with social networking |
| G．Alcoholics who want to quit drinking can avoid booze, but how do we give up our phones |
9 . It seems obvious now how we acquire knowledge and understanding. To start with, we need questions. Then, to find answers, we observe the world around us and study the facts. After that, we consider possible answers and test each to find the right ones. Although today we are more used to typing a few key words into a search engine and waiting for the Internet to give us an answer, modern scientists and thinkers are still solving the world’s problems with this type of analysis—luckily for us.
However, in the 17th century when Francis Bacon (1561-1626) suggested that this type of thinking was the way to gain knowledge, he was going against the views of the day. Although Bacon held an important rank in King James’ royal court of England, his true interest was not the day-to-day, slow and inefficient working style of the government, but the worthy search for knowledge. This was certainly not the interest of most people in his days. At that time, people believed more in the church than in facts, and people like Galileo Galilei (1564-1642), who proved the idea that “the Earth is not the centre of the universe”, were often punished by the church with no one coming to their defence. The church and many people tended to ignore the facts and didn’t want to challenge what they had always comfortably believed. In fact, when Galilei proved that the Earth was not the centre of the universe, instead of believing him, people chose to believe views that were almost 2,000 years old!
It is not surprising that people wanted to believe these primitive ideas as they had been put forward by the great philosopher Aristotle (384-322 BCE). He said that the Earth must be the centre of the universe because it felt like the Earth was standing still. Galilei disagreed. At first, people approved of his studies and urged him to continue, but later when he proved Aristotle wrong, they grew angry and put him in prison. They didn’t want to abandon what they’d always thought as true. And this is still often true today. People make the assumption that if someone important and respected says that something is right, then it must be so. But even though Aristotle was a great man who inspired many great scientists and philosophers after him, he was wrong at times. And Galilei also made mistakes. He is now known as the father of astronomy but he believed that the Earth moved round the sun in a perfect circle. He was wrong.
Therefore, our understanding of the world around us is constantly growing and changing. In other words, we learn more every day and none of us can ever sit back and say, “We know it all.” We need to thank the great men of the past for their wisdom. They understood that we don’t know everything and probably never will, as this would mean a world with questions.
We owe so much of our knowledge and understanding of the world to people like Bacon and Galilei, who were brave enough to step out from the shadows of conventional thought in order to find the kingdom of knowledge that today’s civilization is built upon. These men knew that knowledge and understanding are things to fight for; more vital to a man, and more beneficial to mankind, some might say, than all the money in the world.
1. How are we used to finding answers of questions today?| A．we observe the world around us and study the facts. |
| B．we consider possible answers and test each to find the right ones. |
| C．we type a few key words into a search engine and wait for the Internet to give us an answer. |
| D．First of all, we need questions. |
| A．many people tended to ignore the facts and didn’t want to challenge what they had always comfortably believed. |
| B．No one is perfect and our understanding of the world around us is constantly growing and changing. |
| C．Even great men like Aristotle and Galileo Galilei can make mistakes. |
| D．People make the assumption that if someone important and respected says that something is right, then it must be so. |
| A．stop study | B．relax in a chair | C．wait for success to come | D．stop work |
| A．feel sorry | B．sympathize | C．feel grateful | D．in memory of |
10 . Many Chinese students may want to study abroad after high school.But at the same time,more and more foreign students are coming to China.
According to a report from www.the Students.com.397,63 International students came to China in 2015.China is now the third most popular country for international students,behind the United States and the United Kingdom.
In the summer of 2016, 55 students and teachers from Germany came to China and joined a joined a summer camp,they were interested in traditional Chinese culture.
They visited several schools in Beijing.They learned to make dumplings, play Chinese kung fu and do paper cutting. If they like Chinese handwriting,they can learn calligraphy. By communicating with Chinese people,they could have a close relationship with their new friends,they could know more about China.
In 2018, especially young people in Germany,have become more interested in learning Chinese.There are more cultural exchanges between Germany and China.German students have had chances to learn more about Chinese culture, history and its life today.Almost 400 German school have Chinese classes.Over 8,000 German students study in China.
1. According to a report, ________is the third most popular country for international students in 2015.| A．Germany | B．the United Kingdom | C．China | D．the United States |
| A．playing ping-pong | B．making dumplings |
| C．paying Chinese kung fu | D．doing paper cutting |
| A．40. | B．55. | C．Almost 400. | D．Over 8000. |
| A．55 students and teachers from Germany came to China and joined a summer camp in 2015. |
| B．German students have become interested in learning modern Chinese culture. |
| C．There are fewer cultural exchanges between China and Germany. |
| D．More and more foreign students come to study in China now. |
